同位語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)含答案A56006ED19E8B8F67C1CB9E8

1、一、理解同位語(yǔ)從句的含義，把握同位語(yǔ)從句的實(shí)質(zhì)在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。t

2、he news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。析：they had won the game說(shuō)明the news的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。二、正確運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語(yǔ)從句1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）the general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士

3、們立即過(guò)河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部?jī)?nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。we heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽(tīng)到消息說(shuō)我們隊(duì)贏了。they were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵“l(fā)愁。the news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不實(shí)。ive come to the conclus

4、ion that it was unwise to do that. 我得出結(jié)論這樣做是不明智的。fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen. 那筆錢(qián)不見(jiàn)了這一事實(shí)并不意味著是被偷了。he referred to copernicus statement that the earth moves round the sun. 他提到了哥白尼關(guān)于地球繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)的說(shuō)法?！咀⒁?】 在某些名詞(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 如：they were fac

5、ed with the demand that this tax be abolished. 他們面對(duì)廢除這個(gè)稅的要求。they expressed the wish that she accept the award. 他們表示希望她接受這筆獎(jiǎng)金。there was a suggestion that brown should be dropped from the team. 有一項(xiàng)建議是布朗應(yīng)該離隊(duì)。the suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。the resoluti

6、on that women be allowed to join the society was carried. 允許婦女參加這個(gè)協(xié)會(huì)的決議通過(guò)了。i can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker. 我理解他們希望你作主要發(fā)言人的殷切心情?！咀⒁?】 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that通常不省略，但在非正式文體中也可以省去。 he gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，給人的印象是

7、他要登上飛往東京的飛機(jī)了。2.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加是否的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）例：well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問(wèn)題。析：the sports meeting will be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加是否的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。there is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否會(huì)

8、來(lái)還不一定。answer my question whether you are coming. 你回答我的問(wèn)題：你來(lái)不來(lái)。the question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 這個(gè)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)要看結(jié)果。we are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我們不是在調(diào)查他是否可以信任的問(wèn)題。3.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加什么時(shí)候、什么地點(diǎn)、什么方式等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例1：i have no id

9、ea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加什么時(shí)候的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例2：i have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加如何的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。i have no idea when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。it is a question how he did it. 那是一個(gè)他如何做的問(wèn)題

10、。he had no idea why she left. 他不知道她為什么離開(kāi)。you have no idea how worried i was! 你不知道我多著急!4.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句常后置。如：the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.5.關(guān)于分離同位語(yǔ)從句 有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以和同位的名詞分開(kāi)。 如：the story goes that he beats his wife. 傳說(shuō)他打老婆。the news got about that he had won a car

11、 in the lottery. 消息傳開(kāi)說(shuō)他中彩得了一輛汽車(chē)。the rumour spread that a new school would be built here. 謠傳這里要蓋一所新學(xué)校。report has it that the smiths are leaving town. 有傳言說(shuō)史密斯一家要離開(kāi)這座城市。the thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他想到可能敵人已逃離這座城市。the order soon came that all citizens should evacuate t

12、he village. 不久命令下來(lái)，所有居民都必須撤出村子。三、把握同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語(yǔ)從句和相似從句的界限同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語(yǔ)從句不同于定語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時(shí)可以在先行詞與與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語(yǔ)從句，反之，則為定語(yǔ)從句。如：the report that he was going

13、to resign was false.因?yàn)閠he report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語(yǔ)從句。例1：information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. a. while b. that c. when d. as析：答案為b。more middle school graduates will be admitted into u

14、niversities是information的內(nèi)容，且information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：例2 it is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward. a. what b. that c. when d. as析：答案為b。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語(yǔ)，且information在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以

15、該句為定語(yǔ)從句。例3：she heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(met91)a. it b. which c. this d. that析：答案為b。分析語(yǔ)境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語(yǔ)。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：i cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. a. it b. which c. this d. that析：答案為d。she is crying loudly

16、是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:1. 從詞類(lèi)上區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞?而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞?代詞?主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句?如:the possibility that the maj

17、ority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位語(yǔ)從句)we are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語(yǔ)從句)word came that he had been abroad. (同位語(yǔ)從句)our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興?(定語(yǔ)從句)the doctor whom you are looking for is in

18、 the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語(yǔ)從句)his mother did all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)?(定語(yǔ)從句,代詞all作先行詞?)2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:the news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的?(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息?)the news

19、that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的?(定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)?)i made a promise that if anyone set me free i would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰(shuí)讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有?(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè)什么諾言?)the mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個(gè)令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語(yǔ)從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ)

20、?)3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句?如:that question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有考慮?(同位語(yǔ)從句)i have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略?that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能

21、用which來(lái)代替?如:the order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我們應(yīng)派幾個(gè)人去幫別的幾個(gè)小組的命令昨天收到了?(同位語(yǔ)從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略?)the order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我們昨天收到的命令是我們應(yīng)該派幾個(gè)人去幫助別的幾個(gè)小組?(定語(yǔ)從句,是

22、名詞order的修飾語(yǔ),that在從句中作received的賓語(yǔ),可以省略?用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空：1.it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.2.i have no idea _ we can do with these waste materials.3._the doctor really doubts is_my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.it is hoped_nature will never be destroyed.5._do you guess

23、will give a talk on english tomorrow?6.- i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week.- is that _ you had a few days off?7. word came_i was wanted at the office.8.do you know _of them will be our new headmaster?9.the teacher didnt tell me _we were wrong.10. its generally considered unwise to give a

24、child _he or she wants.單項(xiàng)選擇1it was true _ alice did surprised her mother.a. that b. what c. that, what d. what, that2. does _matter much _he cant come to the meeting.a. it, if b. that, if c. it, whether d. this, whether3.-what are you anxious about? - _a. how can we succeed b. whether we can succeed

25、 c. when can we succeed d. that we can succeed4.the reason _the little actress has been such a success is _she is both clever and hard-working.a. why, why b. why, that c. that, because d. for, because5. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.a. who b. whoever c. anyone d. the person6.i r

26、eally dont know _i had this photo taken.a. where it was that b. it was that c. where it was d. it was why7. dr. black comes from either oxford or cambridge. i cant remember _.a. where b. there c. which d. that8.-what do you think of china?-_different life is today from _it used to be.a. how, what b.

27、 what, what c. how, that d. what, that9.give this to _you think can do the work well.a. who b. whom c. whoever d. whomever10._troubles me is _i cant learn all these english idioms by heart.a. that, that b. what, what c. that, what d. what, that11.the fact _ she works hard is well known to us all.a.t

28、hat b.what c.why d.which答案 a. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever b. 15 cabbb 610 acacd 11.a1. the fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. a. that b. what c. why d. which2. the fact _ he was successful proves his ability. a. hat b. wha

29、t c. which d. why3. the news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. a. what b. that c. why d. when4. his suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.a. which b. that c./ d. it5. i have no idea _ he will start. a. when b. that c. what d./6. ive come from the government with a message _ the

30、meeting wont be held tomorrow.a. if b. that c. whether d. which7. the thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.a. when b. which c. what d. that8. the order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.a. which b. whether c. that d. what9. the nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients

31、 fear _ he would die of the disease.a. that b. as c. of which d. which10. he often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.a. whether b. where c. that d. whenkeys: 1-5 aabba 6-10 bdcaa1. the fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. (2009江西)a. what b. which c. that d. though2. news came from the school office _ wang