八年級英語下冊 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專練與講解 人教新目標(biāo)版

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專練 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)概念:1.表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果. 2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + 過去分詞 (當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have。 過去分詞:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞過去式相同;不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需要特殊記憶。)否定式: 主語 + havent/hasnt + 過去分詞 + 其他。 疑問式: Have /Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 + 其他?簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.(否定)用have, has填空:1.I _ t

2、old him the news. 2.She _ come back from school. 3.You _ won the game.4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) 5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響.例如: I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。(“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”） 2.I have just finished my work.（我剛做完工作。） 3.I

3、 havent finished the work yet.（我還沒有做完工作。） 4.Has Bob had his lunch yet? （鮑布已經(jīng)吃過中飯了嗎？）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語有： （用于第一種概念）already（”已經(jīng)”用于肯定句的中間和末尾處）；never (“從不” 用于中間處)； ever（”曾經(jīng)”用于疑問句和肯定句的中間處）；just(“剛剛”用于中間處)； yet (“已經(jīng)” 用于疑問句的末尾處 / “還”用于否定句的末尾處)或不加任何的時(shí)間狀語，但不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用.（1）already, just和yet: already, just和yet 表示到

4、現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)、剛剛或還沒有發(fā)生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。 He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。 He hasnt come back yet.他還沒有回來。用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.（2）以ever和never:

5、 ever和never 表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)曾經(jīng)或從來沒有發(fā)生過。This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。（3）動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù): 若某一動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)發(fā)生了若干次,則要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。He says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。（4）so far: so far往往表示到目前為止動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生。 He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到

6、了北京。 She has passed the examso far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。三、Since 和 for 的用法 （用于第二種概念）表示過去已經(jīng)開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用的時(shí)間狀語有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。Since+過去點(diǎn)的時(shí)間，for+一段時(shí)間（數(shù)詞+量詞），此劃線部分用how long提問。He has been away for two years.他已走了兩年。(for+時(shí)間段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自從1992年以來他一直當(dāng)英語教師。(

7、since+過去某一時(shí)刻)1、since短語或從句表示過去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)至今，since之后的時(shí)間為一點(diǎn)。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以來，史密斯先生一直在這工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大學(xué)以來大約學(xué)了五千個(gè)英語單詞。2、for短語表示動(dòng)作延續(xù)多長時(shí)間，for的賓語為時(shí)間段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我們認(rèn)識有二十年了。 I havent seen her fo

8、r a long time. 我好久沒有見到她了。練習(xí)：用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago 3) _last month 4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock 7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left here 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 2. Ive known him _ we were children.

9、 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 5. Its about ten years _ she left the city. 6. We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term. 7. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week. 8. I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.三.“

10、終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換英語中的動(dòng)詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性兩種,在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中一定要注意動(dòng)詞這一特性,應(yīng)將這類非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:“The cat play” has been on for half an hour.貓已經(jīng)開演半個(gè)小時(shí)了。How long have you had this dictionary?這本字典你買了多久了?初中階段常見的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介詞短語, d

11、ie-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。注意非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞： 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，不能與 for 引導(dǎo)的表一段的時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)動(dòng)作是不能延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的。初中階段常用的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有：come, go, move, arrive, leave, borrow, lend, buy, lose, finish, begin, start, get, receive, join, die, turn on,(off), put on, take off 等。如：She has bought the dictionary.延續(xù)性動(dòng)

12、詞有：be, live, teach, study, have, work等等。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞若要用for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)找一個(gè)表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的詞(既延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)或詞組來代替句中的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如下列表格：eg: He left his hometown last year. He has been away from his hometown for one year. (前)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（短暫性動(dòng)詞） (后)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞1) join-be in 2) get up -be up 3) borrow-keep 4) buy -have 5) leave-be away from6)

13、 become-be a member of 7) turn on off-be on off 8)begin start-be on 9) end finish something-be over 10) come go-be here there 11)come go to sp. reach arrive in get to sp.-be in sp. Or: be in live in stay at sp. 12) die-be dead 13) get to know -know 14) close open-be closed be open2.短暫性轉(zhuǎn)換延續(xù)性arrive at

14、/in sp. get to/reach sp. come/go/move to sp. be in sp./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _2)I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _ _3)I went home yesterday. I _ _ _home for _ _.4)They came here last week. They _ _

15、 here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1)He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1)I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close

16、 be closed open be open 1)The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _. 2)The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be dead leave sp. be away from sp. fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1)I got up two hours ago.

17、I _ _ _ since _ _.2)He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes3)My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _4)The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _6)They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do

18、sth. do sth.begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not havebuy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _.2) I boug

19、ht a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in 1) He has gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party

20、 member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2002. He _ _ a _ _ for two years. He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years. He _ _ _ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _

21、 _ in _ _ for two years.四、have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法1、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多長時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。此外還有這些搭配：have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm / abroad（在國外）2、have(has)been t

22、o表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？注意：have(has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如:I have been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。They have been to that village se

23、veral times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。3、have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場，一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 湯姆在哪里？他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。練習(xí)：I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。A: Where _ Li Fei _? B: He _ to Hainan Island.A:

24、 How long _ he _ there? B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place? B: He _ there only once. II. 用have/has been to/

25、in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空。1.Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2.David _ the park just now. 3.John _ England since he came back. 4.How long _ have _ this village? 5.The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 7.I _ this school since three years ago. 8.Where is

26、Jim? He _ the farm. 9.When_ he _? He _ an hour ago. 10.Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before. 11.Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12.He often _ swimming. 13._ you _ there last year? 14._ they often _ skating in winter? 15.Where is Jack? He _ his country. 16.John _ England

27、since he came back. 17.How long _ have _ this village? 18.The Smiths _ Beijing for years.19._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times. 20.I _ this school since three years ago. 21.The Wangs _ Kunming to live. Im sure theyll be happier there. 22.I want to visit Mr. Emei. I _ (not) there befor

28、e. 23.“ _ your father ever _Australia?” “Yes, he _ Sydney four times.” 24.“Where is your aunt?” “She _ the shop. She will be back soon.” 25.John _London in his car. He will stay there for some days. 26.Where are the boy students ? They _ to the school factory. 27.Is your father in ? No, he _ to Shen

29、zhen. _he ever _ there before ? Yes, he _ there several times. 28.He asked me if _ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ to that city before. 五、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別： 兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的事；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。而一般過去時(shí)態(tài)只表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在無

30、關(guān)，它可以與表過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語為：yesterday, three days ago, in 1990, just now = a moment ago etc. For example: 1)The students went to the farm to help the farmers last Sunday. 上周日，學(xué)生們到農(nóng)場幫助農(nóng)民。 2)The students have been to the farm. 學(xué)生到農(nóng)場去了。3)Who has broken the glass? 誰打碎了玻璃？（強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在玻璃碎了）4) I have seen the fi

31、lm three times.這部電影我已看了三遍。5）The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）6）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去） 7）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。） 8.I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)完成句子：1.They _ (

32、go) to American last year. 2.They _ (be) to American three times.3.Im cold. I _ (leave) my coat on the bus on the way to school. 4.He _(never, visit) Hangzhou before. 5.I _ (hear) her talk about it many times. 6.Bill _ (not find) his watch yet. 7.The man _ (lose) a lot of money two days ago. 8._you

33、_ (send) those letters? 9.We _ (not hear from) them for a long time. 10.“ Where is my ticket? I _ (put) it here when I _ (come) in.” 11.A: _ you _ (have) your lunch? B: Yes, I _ (have) it at half past six. 12.A: _ you _ (see) him this week? B: No, I _ (see) him last week. 13.A: _ you _ (receive) his

34、 New Years card? B:Yes, I _ (receive) it on 21st December. 14.A:_ you ever _ (eat) Beijing Duck? B: Yes, I _ (eat) some the year before. 15.A: He _(finish) reading this book. B: When _ he _ (begin) to read it? 16.A:_ you _ (take) the medicine? B: Yes, I _ (take) it after lunch. 17. A: _ you _ (sweep

35、) the floor? B: Yes, I _ (sweep) it just a moment ago. Isnt it clean? 18. A: _ you _(be) to the Great Wall? B: Yes, I _ (go) there last Spring. 19.A: _ your aunt _ (arrive) yet? B: Yes, she _ (get) here just half an hour ago.20. A: _ you _(hear) from your uncle? B: Yes, I _(receive) a letter from hi

36、m yesterday.21. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.” 22. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.” 23. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.” 24. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.” 25. Your fathe

37、r _ just _ (finish) his work. 26. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. 27. Last term I _ (learn) many English words. 28. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet. 29. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum. 30. _ you ever _ (drink) coke? 31. “_ you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .” “Wher

38、e_ you_ (buy) it?” “ I _ (buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”第四部分：練習(xí)一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式 , 過去分詞 .am_ _ come _ _ go _ _do _ _ ask _ _ speak_ _cut _ _ sit _ _ spend_ _get _ _ draw_ _ write _ _see_ _ say _ _ keep _ _eat _ _ buy _ _ hear _ _put _ _ fall _ _ give ?_ _read_ _ stop_ _ h

39、urry_ _二、用括號內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)完成下列句子：1Mr Lin _ (write) two letters to us since July. 2Zhong Ming _(not bring ) his text book. 3You _ (put) the keys into the pocket, _ you? 4Be quiet! Boys. The class _ (begin). 5Someone _(take) away my pen. 6The Green family _ (live) in Beijing for three years. 7They _ (not

40、send) the book to me yet. 8The boy _ (lose) his ticket. He looks worried. 9My father isnt in. He _ (go) to Kunming. 10.The flower show (花展) _ (be) on for ten days.三、按要求將下列句子改為否定句和疑問句：1.He has answered the question. (一般疑問句) _2. We have had lunch. (否定句) _3.My uncle has been to Hainan.(對畫線部分提問) _4.The

41、boys have already read it. (否定句) _5.The old man has lived here for 30 years. (對畫線部分提問) _6.I have been busy these days. (一般問句) _7.I have already arrived. （否定句和一般問句）_8.They have lived there since 1980.（對畫線部分提問_9.I have already found it .( 改為一般疑問句 ) _ _ _ it _? 10.I have ever travelled on a plane .(改為一

42、般疑問句)_you ever _on a plane ? 11.Has he come back yet ?( 做出否定回答 ) _ , he _ . 12.I have looked for it everywhere .( 改為否定句 ) I _ _ for it _. 13. He has already gone home.He _ _ home _. (否定句)_ he _ home _? (疑問句)14. He has lunch at home.He _ _ lunch at home. (否定句)_ he _ lunch at home? (疑問句)15. He has bee

43、n there twice._ _ _ _ he been there? (劃線提問16. I have lunch at school._ _ you _ lunch. (劃線提問)四、單項(xiàng)選擇。（ ）1.Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had madehave tried B. madehave tried C. has madetried D. madetried（ ）2 “He _to draw horses already”. “When _ he ?”“ Last year “ A. le

44、arnedhas B. learneddid C. has learnedhas D. has learneddid（ ）3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has gotis B. has climbedwas C. got was D. climbedis（ ）4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Didcopydid B.HavecopiedhaveC. Havecopieddid D. Did copyhad（ ）5. “Why _ she _

45、 angry ?” “Because he _ at her just now .”A. didgetshouted B. hasgotshouted C. didgethas shouted D. hasgothas shouted（ ）6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ? A. Haveseendidsee B.DidseedidwatchC.Haveseenhaveseen D. Did seehaveseen（ ）7.You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A.

46、 keptwaited B. have keptwaited C. kepthave waited D. have kepthave waited（ ）8.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A.hasbeenhas goneB.hasgonehasbeenC.didgowentD. didbewent（ ）9._ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying.A. Hascriedhas stopped B. Iscryingstopped C. Did crystopped D. Iscry

47、inghas stopped（ ）10. I _ the way. I _ here for quite many years.A. knewhave lived C. knewlive C. knowhave lived D. knowlive（ ）11. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have.A. Havegone to B. Havegone in C. Havebeen to D. Have been in（ ）12. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been

48、to C. has been in D. has been at（ ）13.He _ the Army by the end of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joinedis B. has joinedhas been C. had joinedis D. had joined has been（ ）14. By the time I _ back they _ up ten satellites.A. camehave sent B. camehad sent C. comehave sent D. had comesent（ ）15. Jack _ over five lessons by seven oclock. Then he _ a rest.A. wenttook B. wenthad taken C. had gonetook D. had gonehad taken（ ）16. We _ out by that time that he _ a spy for a long time.A.