中考英語語法1：簡單句的基本句型

1、專題一專題一 簡單句的基本句型簡單句的基本句型 第一部分第一部分 中考英語語法專題中考英語語法專題 由一個主語由一個主語(或并列主語或并列主語)和一個謂語和一個謂語 （或并列謂語）構成的句子（或并列謂語）構成的句子. Mary hates school. 句子成分：句子成分：組成句子的各個部分叫組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分句子成分： 1. 主語主語:是一個句子的主干部分之一是一個句子的主干部分之一,主語表明主語表明 是是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”.通常由通常由名名 詞詞,代詞代詞,動詞不定式動詞不定式,動名詞動名詞來充當來充當. 1.Lucy likes her new bike

2、. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun. 主主謂謂賓賓定定狀狀補補表表 2.謂語謂語: 說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常。通常 由由動詞動詞充當充當. 1.They work very hard. 1.They work very hard. 2.Tom feels much better now. 2.Tom feels much better now. 注意：情態(tài)動詞注意：情態(tài)動詞和和助動詞助動詞不能單

3、獨充當謂語不能單獨充當謂語, 必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語必須和實義動詞或系動詞一起構成謂語. 動詞常分為動詞常分為實義動詞實義動詞,連系動詞連系動詞,情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞和和助動詞助動詞. 3.賓語賓語：動作行為的動作行為的對象對象，說明主語做什么。，說明主語做什么。 一一 般放在般放在及物動詞或介詞及物動詞或介詞后面后面.由由名詞名詞,代代 詞詞,數詞數詞,動詞不定式動詞不定式,動名詞動名詞構成構成. 1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday. 3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing bask

4、etball. 5. He gave me two books. 4. 表語表語： 跟在跟在連系動詞連系動詞后面的成分后面的成分,用來說明主語的用來說明主語的 身份身份,特征特征,狀態(tài)狀態(tài). My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe . 5 5. .定語定語: : 用來用來修飾修飾名詞或代詞的句子成分，由名詞或代詞的句子成分，由形容詞形容詞,形容形容 詞性物主代詞詞性物主代詞,名詞名詞,不定式不定式,介詞短語不定代詞介詞短語不定代詞等充等充 當當. 1、T

5、his is a red car. 2、The building is their teachingbuilding. 3、The woman doctor is my wife. 4、I have something to tell you. 5、The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6、Every student has an English book. 7.狀語狀語: 說明動作或狀態(tài)特征說明動作或狀態(tài)特征，用來修飾用來修飾動詞動詞,形容詞形容詞 副詞或整個句子副詞或整個句子.副詞副詞,介詞短語介詞短語,動詞不定式動詞不定式 充當。充當。 You

6、are quite right. They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English. 8. 賓補：賓補：補充說明賓語補充說明賓語。(賓語和賓補之間有賓語和賓補之間有 邏輯上的主謂關系）邏輯上的主謂關系） 賓語賓語+ 賓補叫賓補叫復合賓語復合賓語，有以下幾種類型，有以下幾種類型： 1 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 不定式不定式 2 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 分分 詞詞 3 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ 名名 詞詞 4 名詞名詞 （代詞）（代詞）+ 形容詞形容詞 1.主語主語+不及物動詞不及物動詞 ( S + Vi

7、. ) Our school lies in the center of Wuwei. 注：注：不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。 The car accident was happened yesterday. You will graduate from it next year. 2.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語（賓語（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. What do you want to be in the future ? Each of you has a dream . 注：及物動詞可用于被動語態(tài)注：及物動詞可用于被動語

8、態(tài) A great deal of water is used by people in that city. People use a great deal of water in that city.（主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)） （被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)） We saw him jump into the box. We saw them dancing. We saw him knocked down. 3.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語+賓補賓補(S+Vt+O+OC) 注：可用作賓補的詞有：名詞、形容詞、注：可用作賓補的詞有：名詞、形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞。副詞、介詞短語、動

9、詞不定式、分詞。 常用形容詞做賓補的動詞有常用形容詞做賓補的動詞有：find, make, get , keep , like , see, leave（使 處于某種狀態(tài)）,cut, paint, drive, beat, prove 常用名詞充當賓語補足語的動詞有常用名詞充當賓語補足語的動詞有： call, name, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel 只能用現在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有只能用現在分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有： catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, excus

10、e 既能用現在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補足語既能用現在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補足語 的動詞有的動詞有： see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, imagine, discover, 4.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 (S+Vt+IO+DO) Who can find the eraser for me? Pass the eraser to me. bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, send, show, teach, tell, writ

11、e, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save(留留) 常跟雙賓語的動詞：常跟雙賓語的動詞： Who can find me the eraser? Pass me the eraser. 5.主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語（表語（ S+Linking.V+P ），）， 說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。 You are students. We are in the classroom. We are good friends, arent we? 其其 它它 系動詞系動詞 感官：感官：smell

12、, feel, taste, sound, look - 變化：變化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow ，fall- 狀態(tài)：狀態(tài)：remain, stay, keep, lie,stand- 其他：其他：seem,prove,appear- 劃分句子成分劃分句子成分: 1. My sister is a nurse. 2. They are drinking. 3. They are drinking tea. 4. The old man walks in the park. 5. She passed him the salt. 6. We keep th

13、e table clean. _ S _ V _ P _ S _ V _ S _ V _ O _ S _ V _ S _ V _ IO _ DO _ S _ V _ O _ C 7. They work hard. 8. The flower is dead. 9. Plants need water. 10. He gives me some seeds. 11. We should keep the plants in the shade. 12. Many animals live in trees. _ S _ V _ S _ V _ P _ S _ V _ O _ S _ V _ I

14、O _ DO _ S _ V _ O _ C _ S _ V 1. The spring is coming. 2. In spring, the weather becomes warmer. 3. I have finished my homework. 4. Show me your books. 5. Keep them warm at night. S + V S + V + P S + V + O ( S + )V + IO + DO S + V + O+ C 漢譯英：漢譯英： 1) 鳥會在天空飛翔。鳥會在天空飛翔。 2) 他喜歡踢足球。他喜歡踢足球。 3) 我們非常激動。我們非常激動。 4) 他昨天給了我一本書。他昨天給了我一本書。 5)