魯教版初一重點(diǎn)語法運(yùn)用

1、一、指示代詞this和that的用法（1）this或者that 作主語時(shí)，連系動(dòng)詞be要用單數(shù)形式is，同時(shí)后面名詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：this is a pen.that is a tree.（2） 向別人介紹某人時(shí)，要用“this is .”,不用“that is.”例如：this is alan.(3) 在回答this或that做主語的句子時(shí)，要用it來代替this或者that。例如：is this a hamburger? yes,it is . whats that? its a pig.2、 不定冠詞a/an及定冠詞的用法（1） a常用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前，an用于以元音音素開頭

2、的單詞前面。（2） a book “一本書”表示數(shù)量一（3） a boy wants to see you. 泛指某人某物，不具體說明（4） that is a car,not a jeep. 指一類事物定冠詞the 特指某些人或者某些事用法如下：（1） 特指某些人或者某些事物，或?qū)υ捴须p方都知道的人或事。that is the car.(2)上文中提到的，下文中再次出現(xiàn)i see a box,the box is on the desk.(3) 用于世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前或者唯一范圍呢唯一的事物on the earth on the wall(4) 用于某些普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前the g

3、reat wall(5) 西洋樂器的名詞前面，或固定搭配前play the pianopaly the guitar3、 人稱代詞及物主代詞1、 人稱代詞分為主格和賓格形式，并且有單復(fù)數(shù)形式 人稱數(shù)格主格賓格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱iwemeus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hetheyhimthemsheheritit2. 人稱代詞的主格通常在句子中做主語，若單數(shù)人稱并列做主語時(shí)，英語中的順序常為：第二人稱-第三人稱-第一人稱，即：you and he,he and i ,you and i,you,he and i.3. 人稱代詞與be動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系：連系動(dòng)詞be一般用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)中

4、，主要有am/is/are我（i）用am，你(you)用are，is連著她(she)他(he)它(it),復(fù)數(shù)形式全用are例如：i am a boy. he is a student. she is a beautiful girl. it is a little dog. they are my best friends.4. 形容詞性的物主代詞：類別人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性物主代詞myouryouryourhisheritstheir形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中做定語，修飾名詞，不可單獨(dú)使用，當(dāng)有形容詞修飾時(shí)，物主代詞置于形容詞之前。例

5、如：my pen your book my red glass his father4、 含有be動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句(1)含有be動(dòng)詞的陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌獙e動(dòng)詞提前。如果句子中的主語為第一人稱則要變?yōu)榈诙朔Q；第一人稱的形容詞性物主代詞變?yōu)榈诙朔Q的形容詞性 物主代詞例如：i am zhang yang.are you zhang yang?that is my bike.is that your bike?(2) 含有be動(dòng)詞的肯定回答和否定回答-is this your pen ?-yes,it is./no,it isnt-are you a student?-yes,i am.

6、/no,im not.5、 where 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句1、 -where is my pencil? -its in your school bag.in:“在.里面”2、-where is the picture？ -its on the wall.on:在.上（表面接觸）3、 -where are my shoes? -they are under the bed.under:在.下面6、 have/has的用法1、 have“有”主語一般是人也可以是物。2、 have：當(dāng)主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞、一二人稱，或一二三人稱的復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用have3、 has“有”為have的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，當(dāng)句子主語為

7、不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has。例如：they have many basketballs. lucy has a very beautiful toy.4、 否定句式：主語+dont/doesnt+havei dont have a pen.lucy doesnt have a beautiful toy.5、 一般疑問句：do/does +主語+have 肯定回答及否定回答例如：-do you have an eraser? -yes，i do./no,im not.- does your brother have a basketball?-yes,he does./n

8、o,he doesnt.6、 當(dāng)have/has后的名詞有some修飾時(shí)，在否定句和疑問句中some要變成any。i have some good friends,i dont have any good friends.she has some apples.she doesnt have any apples.7、 固定短語的用法：have lunch have a look have dinner have a good time7、 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 名詞復(fù)數(shù)在英語中，名詞分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩大類?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則

9、如下：（一）規(guī)則變化詞形特點(diǎn)構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加s清輔音后讀/s/,在濁輔音后和元音后讀/z/catcatsbagbagsbeebees以s,x,sh,ch等結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加es讀/iz/boxboxeswatchwatches以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞把y變i，再加es讀/z/familyfamiliesbabybabies以字母o結(jié)尾的有時(shí)直接加es直接加s讀/z/tomatotomatoesphotophotos以ce,se,ze,ge等結(jié)尾的名詞直接加s讀/iz/orangeorangespicturepictures以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞將f或fe變v加es讀/vz/

10、wifewivesleafleaves（二）不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例詞改變元音字母man-men foot-feet woman-women tooth-teeth詞尾加en或renchild-children單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer（鹿）sheep（羊） chinese(中國人） japanese（日本人）（三）復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成方法例詞一般的復(fù)合名詞，只把中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)（中心詞一般是第二個(gè)名詞）apple tree- apple treespencil box-pencil boxes由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，二者均變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)man doctor- men doctorswoman teac

11、her- women teachers單數(shù)句變復(fù)數(shù)句的規(guī)則把一個(gè)單數(shù)句變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)句，要遵循下列規(guī)則：一變，一刪，六不變。一變：將單數(shù)句中的指示代詞、人稱代詞、物主代詞、名詞以及系動(dòng)詞變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)形式。this-these that-those he/she/it-they i-we my-our his/her/its-their一刪：將單數(shù)句中的不定冠詞a/an刪去。六不變：保留句中的形容詞、定冠詞the、副詞、疑問詞、介詞短語和嘆詞等。i am a student. we are students.this is a nice key. these are nice keyswhats t

12、hat? what are those?.隨堂練習(xí)1. there are four _ ( tomato) in the drawer.2. jeff likes _ ( strawberry ) very much. 3my aunt has three_(brother).4. here are some_(photo).5. there are two_(boy) in the picture.6. is that his_(orange)?7. i have four_(dictionary).8、 基數(shù)詞1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 1) 1-12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立的單詞，有其各自的形式：one,

13、 two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。 2) 13-19的基數(shù)詞以-teen結(jié)尾。一般都是在相應(yīng)的表示“幾”的基數(shù)詞后加-teen。如：fourteen，sixteen, seventeen，nineteen等，但13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen的拼寫較特殊。 3) 20-90中表示整十位數(shù)的詞，一般都是在相應(yīng)的表示“幾”的基數(shù)詞后加-ty。如：sixty, seventy, ninety，但20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty,

14、 50 fifty, 80 eighty的拼寫較特殊。 4)21-29直到91-99，表示“幾十幾”用整十位數(shù)加個(gè)位數(shù)表示，中間用連字符“-”把十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)連接起來。21 twenty-one 35 thirty-five 5)one hundred 意為“一百”，還可以用a hundred.要表示200-900，用“具體數(shù)字+hundred”200 two hundred 900 hundred2. 基數(shù)詞的用法 （1）表示年齡，基數(shù)詞放在years old之前。 he is twelve years old. （2）用來表示人和物的數(shù)量，放在名詞之前。 i have three ball

15、s.（3）表示順序、編號(hào)等，放在名詞之后。例如：第209房間 room 209 im in class four. （4）用來計(jì)算。例如：3+2=5 three and two is five。 （三加二等于五）10-5=5 ten minus five is five。 （十減五等于五）3.順口溜幫你巧記基數(shù)詞： 基數(shù)詞，不難記，找出規(guī)律很容易： 零至十二形各異，一個(gè)一個(gè)單獨(dú)記。 后加-teen為“十幾”，thirteen, fifteen看仔細(xì)，eighteen只有一個(gè)t。 表示“幾十”要加-ty，twenty, thirty是特例； forty, fifty更厲害，和eighty一起搞例

16、外。 表示數(shù)字“幾十幾”，連字符號(hào)要切記。 要表“幾百幾”，and 常把百、十系（美式英語可省略and）； 還有一點(diǎn)須注意，“幾百”后別把-s立。鞏固練習(xí)：1.david,how old is your father this year？_a.four b.forty c.fourty d. fourteen2.if a=3,b=4,whats the answer to the problem:a+b+1=? the answer is_.a. five b.six c.seven d.eight3._and seven is twelve.a.five b.six c.seven d. e

17、ight4.a week has _days.a. five b.six c.seven d.eight5.my daughter is _.a.eleven b. eleven years c.eleven old d.eleven year6.im 13 years old and my sister is 15years old. so my sister is_years older than me.a. one b. two c.three d. four小結(jié)：隨堂練習(xí)：( )1. bob likes playing _ guitar, but his brother likes p

18、laying _ chess. a. the; / b. /; the c. the; the d. /; /( )2. gina likes action movies,_ she doesnt like thrillers.a. and b. so c. or d. but( )3. -how much are these black pants? -_. a. its ten dollars. b. its ten dollar. c. theyre ten dollars. d. theyre ten dollar.( )4. if you want to be a reporter,

19、 please call frank _ 9966330. a. in b. at c. on d. for( )5. she is_ at playing basketball. and she can sing very _,too.a. good ;good b. good ;well c. well; well d. well; good( )6. -where _ marys pen pals _from?-the united kingdom. a. does; come b. does; live c. do; come d. are; live( )7. hed like to

20、 buy two _, two_ and half a kilo of _. a. tomato; potato; beef b. tomatos; potatoes; beef c. tomatoes; potatoes; beefs d. tomatoes; potatoes; beef( )8. jim is 13 years old. birthday is may 3rd. a. my b. her c. hisd. your( )9. whats in my backpack ? a book? yes, english book. a. a b. an c. / d. the (

21、 )10. when does betty play tennis ? she plays tennis seven saturday morning a. in; at b. on; on c. at; in d. at; onstep5家庭作業(yè)一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.lucy king _ my name. a. am b. is c. are d. /2.look! that is _ key. a. she b. you c. i d. my3. i _ mark. his name _ tony. a. is, is b. am, is c. are, am d. am, are5.this

22、_sally.she_mysister. a.am,isb.is,arec.are,isd.is,is 6.whatsthis?_acat. a.thisisb.thissc.itsd.it 7-_is the baseball? -it is under the desk.a.what b.where c.he d.it8.theres a map of china_the wall（墻）.a.in b.on c.under d.between9.-_the baseball on the desk? -yes,it is.a.does b.do c.is d.are10. your bro

23、thers cds_in the drawer.a.is b.isnt c.are d./11. her watch _ in her backpack. a. am b. is c. are d. be 12. please call jenny _ 536-4428. a. in b. to c. on d. at13.mr.hu,_ my father.a.it is b.this is c.this d.that14. do you have a baseball? _. but i have a basketball.a.yes, you do. b.no, you dont c.y

24、es, i do. d.no, i dont15. do you have_alarm clock?a.a b.an c.the d./16.he has 3 soccer balls. _ he doesnt play sports.a.and b.but c.only d.or17. do you like hamburgers? _.a.yes, i like. b.yes, i do. c.no, i dont like. d.no, i do.18.i have some apples. apples are my favorite（最喜歡）_.a.fruit b.fruits c.

25、vegetable d.vegetables19.my mother likes eggs _ breakfast.a.in b.for c.has d.have20.mary _ watch tv, but mike _. a.doesnt ; does b.doesnt ; doesnt c.doesnt ; watches d.does ; doesnt21. look! thats _ apple tree. in _ tree you can see a bird (鳥).a. a, theb. an, a c. a, the d. an. the 22. _ are good friends.a. he