托福詞匯近意

1、abandon 1 to leave someone, especially someone you are responsible forHow could she abandon her own child?to go away from a place, vehicle etc permanently, especially because the situation makes it impossible for you to stay= leaveWe had to abandon the car and walk the rest of the way.Fearing furthe

2、r attacks, most of the population had abandoned the city.to stop doing something because there are too many problems and it is impossible to continueThe game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.They abandoned their attempt to recapture the castle.Because of the fog they abandoned their idea of dr

3、iving.to stop having a particular idea, belief, or attitudeThey were accused of abandoning their socialist principles.Rescuers had abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors.abandon yourself to sthliterary to feel an emotion so strongly that you let it control you completelyShe abandoned herse

4、lf to grief.forsake forsake /fsek US fr-/ v past tense forsook /-suk/ past participle forsaken /-sekn/T formal Language: Old English; Origin: forsacanto leave someone, especially when you should stay because they need you= abandonchildren forsaken by their parentsto stop doing, using, or having some

5、thing that you enjoy= give upShe will never forsake her vegetarian principles.to leave a place, especially when you do not want toHe has forsaken his native Finland to live in Britain.abide 忍受abide /bad/ v Language: Old English; Origin: abidan, from bidan; BIDEsb cant abide sb/sthused to say that so

6、meone dislikes something or someone very muchI cant abide that man - hes so self-satisfied.past tense abode /bud US boud/I always + adverb/preposition old use to live somewhereabide by abide by sth phr v 遵守to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreement etc, even though you may not agree with itYou h

7、ave to abide by the referees decision.-遵守-Observeto do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement= obeySo far the ceasefire has been observed by both sides.Complydo what is needed, be polite, from Latin complere; COMPLETE1to do what you have to do or are asked to docompliance, compl

8、iant compliant comply withFailure to comply with the regulations will result in prosecution.The newspaper was asked by federal agents for assistance and agreed to comply.-忍受-endure endure /ndju US ndur/ v Date: 1300-1400; Language: French; Origin: endurer, from Latin durare to hardenT to be in a dif

9、ficult or painful situation for a long time without complainingIt seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain.endure doing sthHe cant endure being apart from me.I to remain alive or continue to exist for a long timefriendships which endure over many yearstolerate tolerate /tlret US t-/ v T

10、Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: , past participle of tolerareto allow people to do, say, or believe something without criticizing or punishing themtolerant, tolerance toleranceWe simply will not tolerate vigilante groups on our streets.to be able to accept something unpleasant or difficult

11、, even though you do not like ittolerant, tolerance tolerance= stand, bear bearI couldnt tolerate the long hours.if a plant tolerates particular weather or soil conditions, it can exist in themplants that tolerate droughtif a person or their body can tolerate a food or other substance, it can use it

12、 without becoming illWomens bodies can tolerate less alcohol than mens.bear 1to bravely accept or deal with a painful, difficult, or upsetting situation= standShe was afraid she wouldnt be able to bear the pain.Overcrowding makes prison life even harder to bear.Make the water as hot as you can bear

13、.The humiliation was more than he could bear .Black people continue to bear the brunt of most racial violence (=have to deal with the most difficult or damaging part) .Passengers could be insulting, and stewardesses just had to grin and bear it (=accept it without complaining) .Experts were worried

14、the financial system would not be able to bear the strain .-abiding abiding /bad/ adj only before noun written an abiding feeling or belief continues for a long time and is not likely to change= lastingPhil has a deep and abiding love for his family.enduring enduring /ndjur US ndur-/ adj continuing

15、for a very long timethe enduring appeal of Shakespeares playsenduring hatredenduringly advan enduringly popular performerpermanent 1 permanent1 W2S2 /pmnnt US pr-/ adj Date: 1400-1500; Language: Latin; Origin: , present participle of permanere to stay till the endcontinuing to exist for a long time

16、or for all the time in the future temporaryHe gave up a permanent job in order to freelance.a permanent change in your eating habitsThe blindness that the disease causes will be permanent.Miller soon became a permanent fixture (=someone or something that is always there) on the team.ability(能力)指智力或體

17、力上的能力，主要指人。這種能力可能是先天的，也可能是通過學(xué)習(xí)或鍛煉等方法而獲得的。A pilot has the ability to fly his plane through a storm. 飛行員有駕駛飛機(jī)穿過暴風(fēng)雨的本領(lǐng)。He shows considerable ability in organization. 他表現(xiàn)出相當(dāng)強(qiáng)的組織能力。其反義詞是： disability，inability，incapability，incapacitycapability(能力)意義與ability相同，可指人或物。復(fù)數(shù)形式指潛在的能力。The task is beyond his capabi

18、lities. 他不能勝任這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。I don t think that boy has great capabilities. 我認(rèn)為那孩子沒有多大潛力。The country has the capability to defeat the aggressor. 這個(gè)國(guó)家有能力擊敗任何侵略者。其反義詞是： inability ，incapability，incompetencecapacity:容量, 生產(chǎn)量, 容量, 智能, 才能, 能力, 接受力, 地位。capacity用在制造業(yè)和商業(yè)上，通常就是指生產(chǎn)和承受能力。 如：transport capacity 運(yùn)輸能力 transmis

19、sion capacity 輸送容量 sorption capacity 吸附能力,吸附容量 seating capacity 座(位)數(shù);容納量 parking capacity 停車容量faculty:才能, 本領(lǐng), 能力, 全體教員, (大學(xué)的)系, 科, (授予的)權(quán)力。能力：任何正常的能力或功能，尤指精神上的能力；大學(xué)教工：學(xué)院或大學(xué)的教授和講師的同仁組織或團(tuán)體 如：comprehensive faculty 理解力 the medical faculty 醫(yī)界同人 the imaginative faculty 想象力 a constructive faculty 組織力，建設(shè)力

20、the students and faculty 全院師生 the faculty of memory 記憶力ability是可通過練習(xí)或鍛煉獲得的，而capability指的是固有的能力，它與練習(xí)或鍛煉無關(guān)。如:I do not doubt his ability to do the work He has the capability to benefit from university education 第一句的ability是指通過訓(xùn)練或工作磨煉而獲得的“能力”,而第二句的capability則是指天賦之才，與后天無關(guān)。仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)兒就可以看到，capacity著重指容量；capabil

21、ity著重指性能；ability著重指身體的能力，能量；faculty著重指全體教員，指人?！居⒄Z詞匯】permanent、lasting、everlasting、eternal、perpetual、durabl、enduring (2012-11-08 13:23:57)permanent、lasting、everlastingeternalperpetual、durabl、enduring這組形容詞都有“永久的”、“長(zhǎng)久的”、“永恒的”意思。permanent基本意思是“永久的”、“長(zhǎng)久的”、“固定的”，指總是處于相同的情況和地位，可長(zhǎng)期持續(xù)下去，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)的持久性、穩(wěn)定性。1）Im not

22、 apermanentemployee; Im working here on a fixed - term contract.我并不是永久性的雇員, 而是根據(jù)定期合同在此工作的。2）I am afraid the damage to the spinal cord will bepermanent.恐怕這個(gè)脊髓損傷將是永久性的。3）The present unfavorable trade situation is not likely to bepermanent; itwill improve afterafew months.目前的對(duì)外貿(mào)易的逆差不可能是長(zhǎng)久的，幾個(gè)月后就會(huì)改變。4）T

23、he problem is really troublesome and we will have to work out a apermanentsolution to it.這個(gè)問題真的很麻煩，我們必須設(shè)計(jì)想一個(gè)長(zhǎng)久之計(jì)。5）You should hold apermanentposition in a company.你應(yīng)該在一家公司持有一份固定職位。lasting是動(dòng)詞 last 的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，表示能一直持續(xù)下去的，語氣比 permanent1）Thelastingworld peace2）alastingsettlement of all these trouble3）lastin

24、gvalue 4）lastingprosperity.everlasting語氣比 lasting 更強(qiáng)，語體較莊重，指永遠(yuǎn)存在，永無終止。1）Premier Zhous illustrious deeds are aneverlastingmonument in theheartsof the Chinesepeople.周總理的光輝業(yè)績(jī)?cè)谥袊?guó)人民心中立下了不朽的豐碑。2）May the friendship between the two peopleseverlasting.愿兩國(guó)人民的友誼永存。3）I give you this ring as a pledge of myeverla

25、sting lovefor you.我給你個(gè)枚戒指表示我對(duì)你永遠(yuǎn)的愛。eternal語體最莊重，多用于修飾抽象事物，表示“永恒”之意。有時(shí)可與 everlasting換用。1）Our natural resources are not considered to beeternal / everlasting2 eternal / everlasting3 theeternalstruggle 4）an everlasting youth and eternal happiness.5）eternalregret, and looking back, your whole lifehas pa

26、ssed away.一失足成千古恨, 再回頭已過百年身。perpetual也可以表示“持久的”意思，指保持永久不變，沒有中斷的行為，永無止境地持續(xù)下去。有時(shí)可表示沒完沒了的，令人厭煩，含有貶義。1）There is a legend that bathing in this fountain constantly will ensureperpetualbeauty.有一個(gè)傳說，常在溫泉沐浴能保持持久的美貌。2）Theperpetualmotion of the earth 3）theperpetualsnows of the mountaintops.4）perpetualstruggle

27、againstpoverty.5）The land was subjected toperpetualwarfare.6）perpetualnagging.durable修飾物時(shí)指“堅(jiān)固耐用”；修飾抽象事物時(shí)指“持久”。1）durable leather gloves2）durablematerial.3）durablerenown。4）Durablelove keekps without living together day and night.enduring指能經(jīng)受得起時(shí)間或變化的考驗(yàn)而長(zhǎng)久存在。1）enduringvalue.有持久價(jià)值的文學(xué)作品。2）enduringmemories

28、3）anenduringimpress on her life.4）enduringlove of a mother.abolish abolish /bl US b-/ v T Date: 1400-1500; Language: Old French; Origin: abolir, from Latin abolere, probably from abolescere to disappearto officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long timeSlavery was ab

29、olished in the US in the 19th century.eliminate eliminate /lmnet/ v T Date: 1500-1600; Language: Latin; Origin: eliminatus, past participle of eliminare to put out of doorsto completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwantedeliminate a need/possibility/risk/problem etcThe credit card e

30、liminates the need for cash or cheques.annul annul /nl/ v past tense and past participle annulled present participle annulling T often passiveto officially state that a marriage or legal agreement no longer existsTheir marriage was annulled last year.abort abort /bt US -rt/ v Date: 1500-1600; Langua

31、ge: Latin; Origin: abortare, from abortus, past participle of aboriri to give birth to a dead baby, from ab- away + oriri to rise, be bornT to stop an activity because it would be difficult or dangerous to continue itThe rescue mission had to be aborted.T to deliberately end a pregnancy when the bab

32、y is still too young to liveI if a pregnant woman or animal aborts, the baby is born too early and is dead when it is bornThe disease causes pregnant animals to abort.=abrasion abrasion /bren/ n Date: 1600-1700; Language: Latin; Origin: abrasio, from abradere; ABRADEC an area on the surface of your

33、skin that has been injured by being rubbed against something hardShe was treated for cuts and abrasions.U the process of rubbing a surface very hard so that it becomes damaged or disappearsextra protection against abrasionscratch 2 scratch2 n 【CUT】 C a small cut on someones skinThere were deep scrat

34、ches all over her face.Dont worry, its only a scratch (=not a serious injury) .She was unharmed apart from a few cuts and scratches.【MARK】 C a thin mark or cut on the surface of somethingThere was a big scratch on the car door.sudden abrupt 意思都含“突然的”。 sudden指“事先未料到、無準(zhǔn)備而迅速發(fā)生的”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)“先未警告的”, 如: a sudden

35、 outburst of temper 突然大發(fā)雷霆。 abrupt指“突然的”、“出其不意的”、“事先未告知的”, 如: He took an abrupt departure. 他突然離去precipitate此詞語氣比 sudden 和 abrupt 強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)突如其來的、突發(fā)的，如precipitate event （突發(fā)事件）。也可表示“倉(cāng)猝的”、“貿(mào)然的”行動(dòng)或決定。這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都可以表示丟失,失去的意思。lose 語氣較強(qiáng),一般指失去不易找回。miss有發(fā)現(xiàn)失去的意思,指東西找不到,但有找到的希望。例如: The man lost a leg in the war.那個(gè)人在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中失去了一條腿。 She missed her child in the street.她在