全國職稱英語考試 衛(wèi)生類C級 閱讀理解押題 孫偉

1、 衛(wèi)生類閱讀重點文章孫老師特別提示：本文在下列國家教材中同時出現(xiàn)。第16篇eat to live 衛(wèi)生c新增文章(押題)第25篇 理工b第39篇 綜合a孫老師特別提示：衛(wèi)生c今年閱讀沒有新增文章，押題也就變成了猜題，極不靠普，請大家做好無原題或押不中的準備！2013年衛(wèi)生閱讀押題情況沒押中，但用神表解題非常簡單共1篇文章 第十六篇eat to live衛(wèi)生c新增文章(押題) 第13課 (補充練習)閱讀理解課文 late-night drinking 在專業(yè)第20課中已做講評 2013 原卷模擬考試與講評（1）機會只給有準備的人。opportunities are only for the pr

2、epared person. 共1篇文章 eat to livea meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. we may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. stephen spindler and his colleagues from the university of ca

3、lifornia at riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. the genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drug

4、s or get rid of toxins. spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years. the researchers checked the ac

5、tivity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. the changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical productionprobably bad news for mouse health. in the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes contin

6、ued to behave like young genes. but the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “this is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly,” says huber warner from the national institute on agin

7、g near washington, d. c. no one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, bus spindler is hopeful. “theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he says. if it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. as we get o

8、lder, out bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. a brief period of time of dieting, says spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. but spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “the mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,” he says. “eve

9、n seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: i can only eat half of that.” spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. his company, life span genetics in california, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.練習：1. according to the passage, whi

10、ch of the following is not true?a. eating less than usual might make us live longer.b. if we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.c. dieting might not be needed.d. we have to begin dieting from childhood.2. why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?a. to describe the influenc

11、e of old age on mice.b. to illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.c. to tell us how mices liver genes behave. d. to inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.3. what can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?a. they will not experience free radical produc

12、tion.b. they will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.c. they have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.d. they are more likely to suffer from inflammation.4. according to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?a. the mice that started dietin

13、g in old age.b. 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.c. calorie restriction that works in people.d. dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.5. according to the last two paragraphs, spindler believes thata. calorie restriction is very important to young peopleb. seei

14、ng the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.c. dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life.d. drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. eat to live 為生存而食 本文中心：a meager不足的 diet節(jié)食a meager不足的diet節(jié)食may give you health and long life, but its not much fun娛樂 and i

15、t might not even be necessary. we may be able to hang on to保持住most of that youthful vigor活力 even if we dont start to diet until old age.粗茶淡飯或許能給你健康和長壽，但這并不有趣-很有可能也沒必要。即便在年老以后才 開始節(jié)食我們也能在很大程度上保持住青春活力。stephen spindler and his colleagues from the university of california at riverside have found that som

16、e of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting限制 its food for four weeks. the genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.加州大學riverside分校的

17、斯蒂芬o斯潘德爾及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要連續(xù)四周限制一些衰老的老 鼠進食，它們的肝臟基因就會變得和衰老前一樣充滿活力。雖然老鼠的肝部基因恢復活力不會逆 轉(zhuǎn)它們在其他方面的老化，但是卻有助于這些老鼠的肝臟對藥物的新陳代謝和清除毒素。spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations3. three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed3 for a month when

18、 they were34 months oldequivalent to about 70 human years.斯潘德爾的隊員們一直給其中的三只老鼠正常量的飼料，而給另外三只老鼠正常量飼料的一半，給三只34個月大的老鼠（相當于人類年齡的70歲）喂了一個月的半量飼料，之前這三只老鼠 的飼料量是正常的。the researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. the changes

19、 were associated with things like inflammation炎癥 and free radical production4probably bad news for mouse health. in the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. but the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old

20、age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.研究者們檢查了這些老鼠肝臟的11,000種基因的活性，發(fā)現(xiàn)正常飼養(yǎng)的老鼠有46種基因隨年齡的改變而改變。這些改變都與炎癥和體內(nèi)自由基的產(chǎn)生有關-這對老鼠的健康來說不是什么好消息。而對于那些終身都在節(jié)食的老鼠來說，那46種基因中的27種仍然繼續(xù)保持著青春活力。但 是最令人吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)卻是那些只是在老年時期節(jié)食的老鼠們受益于70%的基因變異。 “this is the first indication that these effects kick in5 pretty quickly

21、,” says huber warner from the national institute on aging near washington, d.c.這只是第一個這些效果迅速起作用的暗示，來自華盛頓特區(qū)周邊的國家老年學學院的哈勃o華納說。no one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but spindler is hopeful. “theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,” he sa

22、ys.至今仍然沒有人清楚卡路里的控制對人類來說是否如同對老鼠那樣有效，但是斯潘德爾對此 充滿了希望：有足以引人注意的證據(jù)表明這同樣有效。if it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. as we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. a brief period of time of dieting, says spindler, could be enough

23、to make sure a drug is effective.如果這確實也對人類有效，我們有理由相信肝臟也可能恢復活力。舉個例子，隨著我們一天天衰老，我們的身體對藥物的新陳代謝越來越?jīng)]有效率。短時期內(nèi)的節(jié)食，斯潘德爾說到，完全足以保證藥效。but spindler isnt sure the trade-off 交易 is worth it, 6 “the mice get less disease, they live longer, but theyre hungry,” he says. “even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to

24、 go to a restaurant and say” i can only eat half of that.”但是斯潘德爾并不確定這個方法值得嘗試。老鼠患病少了，壽命延長了，但是它們很饑餓，他說，即使能清楚地認識到節(jié)食的功效，人們?nèi)匀缓茈y在餐館中說自己只能吃一半的食物。spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. his company, life span genetics in california, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.

25、斯潘德爾希望我們根本就不用節(jié)食。他的公司，加利福尼亞州的壽命遺傳學公司，正在尋找有限制卡路里效能的藥物練習：1. according to the passage, which of the following is not true?根據(jù)文章，下面哪個選項是不真實的？a) eating less than usual might make us live longer.b) if we go on a diet when old, we may keep healthy.c) dieting might not be needed.d) we have to begin dieting fr

26、om childhood.2. why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph2?文章第二段中，作者為什么會提到上了年紀的老鼠？a) to describe the influence of old age on mice.b) to illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.c) to tell us how mices liver genes behave.d) to inform us of the process of metabolizing使發(fā)生新陳代謝 drugs.

27、3. what can be inferred推斷 about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?什么可以推斷出本文提到的完全正常喂養(yǎng)的老鼠？a) they will not experience free radical production.b) they will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.c) they have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.d) they are

28、 more likely to suffer from inflammation. 發(fā)炎4. 注意： (1) 絕對原則：答案中有all, every, only always等絕對詞一般為不正確，如被否定除外，原文中也有這些詞除外)！絕對原則主要用于 5. 對錯選擇 not true, true (2) 相對原則：有may, might, can could, likely， sometimes， probably some。4. according to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?根據(jù)

29、作者觀點，下列哪一項最能引起調(diào)查者的興趣？a) the mice that started dieting in old age. b) 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.c) calorie restriction that works in people.d) dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.出現(xiàn)多個數(shù)字，特別是阿拉伯數(shù)字時，須非常小心！5. according to the last two paragraphs. spindler believes that根據(jù)文章最后兩段的內(nèi)容，spindler相信：a)