淺談小麥的病蟲(chóng)害防治及田間管理

1、1.1.2.2弱苗管理由于土壤肥力不均或者是墑情不足等因素的影響,般會(huì)出現(xiàn)幼苗淺談小麥的病蟲(chóng)害防治及田間管理Introduction to the pest control and managementin the field of wheat摘要：詳細(xì)介紹優(yōu)質(zhì)小麥在不同時(shí)期的田間管理技術(shù)以及病蟲(chóng)害防治技術(shù)，以期能夠?yàn)閺V大種植戶提供一定的參考。Pick to: in detail quality of wheat in different periods of field management and pest control tech no logy, in order to provide

2、 certa in reference for the majority of farmers.關(guān)鍵詞：小麥；田間管理；病蟲(chóng)害Key words: wheat; Field man ageme nt; Plant diseases and in sect pests一 優(yōu)質(zhì)小麥田間管理技術(shù)High quality wheat field man ageme nt tech no logy1.1苗期管理Seedli ng stage man ageme nt小麥在苗期的管理需要保證全苗、勻苗，最好使其盡早扎根、分蘗，努力在入冬前讓幼 苗達(dá)到壯苗標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Man ageme nt n eeds to

3、en sure full sta nd of wheat in the seedli ng stage, seedli ng and root and tiller as e arly as possible, best efforts to make seedli ng before win ter to breed sta ndard.1.1.1冬前管理小麥在冬前需澆好冬水，這樣將對(duì)小麥安全越冬提供保障，而且在立春后能夠較好的保持墑情。小麥的頭水需要在其 3葉1心時(shí)進(jìn)行，而在此階段最好不要施冬肥。man ageme nt before win ter wheat before win te

4、r n eed to water the good water in win ter, it guara ntees safe win teri ng on wheat, and after the spri ng can better maintain soil moisture. Wheat TouShui n eeds to be the time whe n the 3 leaf 1 heart, but at this stage it is best not to ShiD ong fertilizer.1.1.2育苗管理Seedli ng man ageme nt1.1.2.1旺

5、苗管理弓I起旺苗的原因有很多，例如：播種時(shí)間不當(dāng)、雨水偏多再加之施肥不當(dāng)?shù)鹊纫蛩氐挠绊懀沟名溍玳L(zhǎng)勢(shì)過(guò)旺。對(duì)于旺苗需要采取鎮(zhèn)壓、深耕、噴灑植物生長(zhǎng) 抑制劑等方法來(lái)抑制其生長(zhǎng)進(jìn)度，盡量壓制分蘗發(fā)生，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)控旺轉(zhuǎn)壯。Causes of seedlings seedlings in management has a lot of, for example, it rains a lot in improper sowing time, coupled with improper fertilization and so on factors, makes the wheat seed ing gr

6、ow ing too excessive. For seedli ngs n eed to suppress, deep tillage, spray ing pla nt growth inhibitor and other methods to inhibit the growth of the schedule, and try to suppress tillering happe n, to achieve a 1.1.2.2弱苗管理由于土壤肥力不均或者是墑情不足等因素的影響,般會(huì)出現(xiàn)幼苗prosperous zhua ng.長(zhǎng)勢(shì)較弱現(xiàn)象，因而需要對(duì)其及時(shí)進(jìn)行澆水追肥，同時(shí)對(duì)土壤進(jìn)行

7、耕松，這樣可有效促進(jìn)弱苗根系以及分蘗的生長(zhǎng)。Weak seedli ng man ageme nt due to un eve n soil fertility or a lack of moisture, the in flue nee of such factors as usually appear weak seedli ng grow ing phe nomenon, and therefore n eed to timely wateri ng fertilizer, tillage on soil loose at the same time, it can effectivel

8、y promote the growth of weak seedli ng root and tiller.1.123壯苗管理對(duì)于底肥比較足、播種時(shí)間適宜、墑情較好的壯苗，對(duì)其一般不需要再次施肥，只需要適當(dāng)?shù)乃赏帘劶纯伞?.1.2.3 seedli ng man ageme nt for fertilizers is sufficie nt, suitable sow ing time, soil moisture better seedli ng, in gen eral, it does not n eed to fertilizer applicatio n aga in, you

9、just n eed to appropriate soil con servat on dirt.1.2中期管理The middle man ageme nt小麥的中期，其主是小麥生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中最為旺盛的一個(gè)時(shí)期。而該時(shí)期的管理主要是要做好追肥、灌溉以及防除雜草的工作，以此來(lái)有效提高小麥的光合利用率及分蘗成穗率，進(jìn)而培育出壯稈的大穗。Wheat in the middle of, its main is one of the most robust in the process of wheat growth period. And its man ageme nt is main ly to

10、do a good job, fertilizer, irrigatio n and con trol of weeds in order to effectively improve the photos yn thetic utilizati on of wheat and tiller eari ng rate, and then develop a strong stem, big ear.1.2.1春季追肥1.2.1 the spri ng fertilizer在小麥的生長(zhǎng)期一般需要追加3次的速效氮肥，而追加速效氮肥的量需依據(jù)播前施底肥情況而定，一般為 667 m2需追加1624 k

11、g尿素，注意需分次追加。一般第一次追加時(shí)需 與澆頭水同時(shí)進(jìn)行，667 m2需追加1214 kg尿素為宜，通過(guò)此次追肥可有效促進(jìn)幼苗早發(fā)In wheat grow ing seas on gen erally n eed to in crease three times of available n itroge n, rapidly available nitrogen content and additional quantity based on sowing before applied fertilizers, gen eral is 667 m2 n eed additi onal

12、16 24 kg urea, additi onal atte nti on n eed to be in several times. Gen eral is added for the first time with the topp ings water simulta neously, 667 m2 n eed to add 12 14 kg urea advisable, through this fertilizer can effectively promote the seedli ng early 1.1.2.2適時(shí)灌溉Tmely irrigati on一般小麥的灌溉在其生長(zhǎng)

13、期一共需5次，頭水最好是在幼苗3葉1心時(shí)進(jìn)行。而該階段的需注意拔節(jié)期的澆水，同時(shí)還可進(jìn)行及時(shí)的松土，這樣可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)保墑、通風(fēng)，以此來(lái)提 高地溫，促進(jìn)大蘗生長(zhǎng)，強(qiáng)化麥苗的碳代謝水平。Wheat irrigation over the course of their growing period, usually 5 times, TouShui preferably in seedli ngs of 3 leaf 1 heart. And join ti ng stage should pay atte nti on to the stage of the watering, 精品文檔你我共享A

14、AAAAAdigging at the same time also can be carried out in a timely manner, which can effectively keep moisture, ventilation, in order to improve the ground temperature, promote the growth of big tillers, and stre ngthe n the differe nee of carb on metabolism.1.3后期管理The late man ageme nt小麥田間的后期管理主要集中在

15、子粒形成階段。此階段小麥在抽穗后其葉、 莖、根的生長(zhǎng)已停止，而進(jìn)入小麥的開(kāi)花、受精結(jié)實(shí)、子粒灌漿、養(yǎng)分運(yùn)輸以及產(chǎn)量形成期，這個(gè)階段 將最終決定小麥的產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量2。Wheat in the field of man ageme nt mai nly concen trated in late stage of grain formatio n. After this stage of wheat earing laid, stem and root growth has stopped, and enter the flowering, fertilizati on of wheat seed,

16、 gra in filli ng, nu trie nt tran sport and yield formati on, this phase will even tually decided to wheat yield and quality of 2.在小麥進(jìn)入開(kāi)花期后， 尤其是在灌漿后期， 若土壤中的含量過(guò)高， 其必將會(huì)降低小麥的 質(zhì)量，因而在小麥進(jìn)入開(kāi)花期后， 需有效控制土壤中的水份含量不宜過(guò)高，一般是在澆過(guò)開(kāi)花水后就不用在進(jìn)行澆灌。In wheat after an thesis, especially in the late grouti ng, the content if

17、the soil is too high, it will reduce the quality of the wheat, and so in wheat after an thesis, n eeds to be effectively con trolled the soil water content is un favorable and exorbita nt, usually after wateri ng the flower water dont in the water.1.4化學(xué)除草Chemical weed con trol對(duì)于小麥在生長(zhǎng)期的除草需準(zhǔn)確選擇適當(dāng)?shù)某輨?/p>

18、例如：若田間的雜草比較多時(shí)，可選擇氟樂(lè)靈聯(lián)合丁草胺進(jìn)行除草；防除單子葉禾本科類的雜草，我們一般選用拉索、異丙隆等；若田間的雜草是以闊葉雜草為主，一般是選用闊草清、它隆等；若田間的雜草主要是以 闊葉與單子葉混合為主，則可選用麥草星、異綠隆等除草藥劑。On wheat growth period of weed con trol to accurately select the appropriate herbicides. For example: if the field weed is long, can choose triflurali n joi nt butachlor on wee

19、d con trol; Con trol endogen gramineous weeds in a class, we usually choose lasso, isopropyl lung, etc; If weeds predo minan tly broadleaf weeds in the field, but are gen erally made rich grass, which is long, etc.; If the field is the main broad-leaved mixed with si ngle cotyledo n on weeds, you ca

20、n use wheat straw, gree n lung, such as weed con trol age nts.二小麥主要病蟲(chóng)害防治措施Two main pla nt diseases and in sect pests preve nti on and con trol measures of wheat2.1小麥播種期病蟲(chóng)害防治措施Wheat seedi ng time pest con trol measures在小麥的播種期，其病蟲(chóng)害的防治整個(gè)將影響其整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的防治效果，該階段若能夠有效實(shí)施病蟲(chóng)害防治工作，那必將有效降低小麥的整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)期的病蟲(chóng)害基數(shù)。播種期最主要的病蟲(chóng)害

21、有以下幾種。In wheat seedi ng time, the pla nt diseases and in sect pests preve nti on and con trol of the whole will affect the control effect of growth and development, the stage if the effective impleme ntati on of the pla nt diseases and in sect pests preve nti on and con trol work, it will effectivel

22、y reduce the base of the whole growth period of pla nt diseases and in sect pests of wheat.Seedi ng time the main has the follow ing several kinds of pla nt diseases and in sect pests.白粉病、紋枯病的防治措施：主要是采使用200 g的15.0%三唑酮可濕性粉劑來(lái)與100 kg麥種進(jìn)行拌種；蠐螬的防治措施：需采取50%辛硫磷乳油：水:種子以1 : 80：( 6001 200) 的比例進(jìn)行均勻混合， 該防治方法還可兼

23、治金針蟲(chóng)和螻蛄病；吸漿蟲(chóng)的防治措施：一般是使用3.0%辛硫磷顆粒劑或者甲基異柳磷顆粒劑混合380 kg煤渣或40 kg/hm2拌砂，在翻地時(shí)將其均勻的撒與土壤中即可；金針蟲(chóng)的防治措施：需要使用40.0%甲基異柳磷乳油：水：麥種以1 : 70 ：( 9001100)的比例進(jìn)行均勻混合，然后在堆悶3 h即可進(jìn)行播種。Sheath blight, powdery mildew prevention measures: mainly by 200 g 15.0% triadimefon wettable powder with 100 kg of wheat seeds in the seed; Gr

24、ubs in the prevention and control measures: take 50% phoxim emulsifiable solution: water: seeds with 1, 80:600 1 200) the proporti on of mixi ng, the con trol method can also be and wireworm and mole disease; Suck pulp in sect preve nti on measures: gen eral is the use of 3.0% phoxim gra nu les or m

25、ethyl isopropyl willow phosphorus granu les mixed 380 kg coal cin der or 40 kg/hm2 of sand, and whe n click ing the evenly sprinkled with soil; Wireworm prevention measures: you need to use 40.0% methyl isopropyl liu was: water: wheat seeds with 1,70, (900 1100) the proporti on of mixing, and the n

26、in the pile of 3 h can be seeded.2.2中后期病程害防治Middle course of polluti on preve nti on and con trol在小麥的生長(zhǎng)中后期，一般病蟲(chóng)害集中為穗蚜、赤霉病及白粉病。其防治措施：穗蚜，可使用200350 g/hm2的45.0%蚜虱凈對(duì)800 kg/hm2的水進(jìn)行均勻噴灑于小麥的穗部；赤 霉病，一般是采取800 g/hm2的35.0%紋霉凈可濕性粉劑或者是1 600 g/hm2的85.0%多菌靈對(duì)約750 kg/hm2的水進(jìn)行均勻噴霧；白粉病，防治該病一般可采取5 00 g/hm2的30.0%粉銹寧可濕性粉劑對(duì)

27、約700 kg/hm2的水進(jìn)行均勻噴霧。Mid and late in the growth of wheat, pla nt diseases and in sect pests com monly concen trated for spike aphid, the heavy and powdery mildew. Its preve nti on measures, gua ngzhou aphid, can use 45.0% of the 200 350 g/hm2 aphid to 800 kg/hm2 in n et of water eve nly sprayi ng whe

28、at pan icle; 3, usually take 35.0% of the 800 g/hm2 n et wettable powder or grain mildew is 1 600 g/hm2 carbendazim 85.0% to about 750 kg/hm2 evenly spray of water; Powdery mildew, preve nti on and treatme nt of the disease can take 5 00 g/hm2 powder rust better wettability powder 30.0% to about 700 kg/hm2 eve nly spray of water.參考文獻(xiàn)refere nces1唐德偉.小麥田間管理技術(shù).河南農(nóng)業(yè)，2009 (5)： 39.1 Tang Dewei. Wheat field man ageme nt tech no logy. Henan agriculture, 2009 (5) : 39.2 文U立喬.優(yōu)質(zhì)小麥田間管理技術(shù).河北農(nóng)業(yè)科技，2008 (2)： 10-11.2 LiuLiQiao. High quality wheat field man ageme nt tech no logy. Hebei agricultural scie n