AS16571992固定平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯與梯子的設(shè)計(jì)、施工與安裝

1、as 1657-1992australian standard澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders design, construction and installation固定平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯與梯子的設(shè)計(jì)、施工與安裝this australian standard was prepared by committee sf/13, platforms, gangways, stairways and ladders. it was approved on behalf of the council of standards

2、 australia on 9 september 1992 and published on 16 november 1992.本澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是由sf/13平臺(tái)、通道、樓梯與梯子委員會(huì)編制的。1992年9月經(jīng)澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)通過，1992年11月16日出版。the following interests are represented on committee sf/13:sf/13委員會(huì)由以下單位參加：aluminium development council鋁業(yè)發(fā)展委員會(huì)bureau of steel manufacturers of australia 澳大利亞鋼鐵制造局confed

3、eration of australian industry澳大利亞工業(yè)聯(lián)合會(huì)department of employment, vocational education, training and industrial relations, qld昆士蘭州就業(yè)、職業(yè)教育、培訓(xùn)與勞資關(guān)系部department of labour and industry, tas.塔斯馬尼亞州勞工部master builders 建筑商協(xié)會(huì)construction and housing association of australia澳大利亞建筑與住房協(xié)會(huì)pacific power太平洋電力公司public

4、 works department, n.s.w.新南威爾士州公共工程部royal australian institute of architects皇家澳大利亞建筑師協(xié)會(huì)water board, sydney-illawarra-blue mountains 水理事會(huì)，悉尼-伊拉瓦拉-藍(lán)山流域workcover authority of new south wales新南威爾州工傷保險(xiǎn)局review ofaustralian standards. to keep abreast ofprogress in industry, australian standards are subject

5、 to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. it is important therefore that standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的評(píng)審。為了保持標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與工業(yè)發(fā)展同步，澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要定期進(jìn)行評(píng)審并發(fā)布修訂本，必要時(shí)出版新的版本以保持更新。因此，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使用

6、者使用的版本必須是最新版本，同時(shí)需要使用所有修正版本的內(nèi)容。full details of all australian standards and related publications will be found in the standards australia catalogue of publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine the australian standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives

7、details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn standards.澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局出版的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)目錄收集了所有澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詳細(xì)信息和相應(yīng)出版物，此信息每月在雜志澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，已訂閱會(huì)員會(huì)收到此雜志，另外該雜志還會(huì)介紹新出版物、新版本和修訂本以及廢止標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詳細(xì)信息。suggestions for improvements to australian standards, addressed to the head office of standards australia, are

8、welcomed. notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an australian standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.我們歡迎提出有關(guān)改進(jìn)澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面的建議，歡迎寫信到澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局。如發(fā)現(xiàn)澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在任何不準(zhǔn)確或含糊不清的內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)及時(shí)告訴我們以便我們做出調(diào)查并采取適當(dāng)措施。this standard was issued in

9、draft form for comment as dr 90065.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為dr 90065草案發(fā)布，以征求意見。australian standard澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders design, construction and installation固定平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯與梯子的設(shè)計(jì)、施工與安裝first published as as ca10-1938.首次刊印作為as ca 10-1938second edition 1963. third edition 1966. fourth edition 1

10、971第二版1963年，第三版1966年，第四版1971年. revised and redesignated as 1657-1974.修訂并重新命名為as 1657-1974second edition 1985. third edition 1992.第二版1985年，第三版1992年published by standards australia (standards association of australia) 1 the crescent, homebush, nsw 2140澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局（澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì)）出版地址：1 the crescent, homebush, ns

11、w 2140 preface序言this standard was prepared by the standards australia committee on platforms, gangways, stairways and ladders, to supersede as 1657-1985.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由平臺(tái)、通道、樓梯和梯子澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)編制，取代as 1657-1985標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。changes to the standard include 本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做出的修改包括-(a) reducing the minimum wall thickness of steel piping whic

12、h may be used; 降低了可能使用的鋼管的最小壁厚。(b) incorporating a minimum tensile yield stress requirement for aluminium alloys; 加入對(duì)鋁合金最小拉伸屈服應(yīng)力的要求。(c) deleting references to specific aluminium alloys and tempers; 刪去對(duì)特定鋁合金及調(diào)和物的引述。(d) updating the dimensions of steel sections other than piping, to reflect current ma

13、nufacturing practices; and 根據(jù)現(xiàn)行有效的制造規(guī)范，更新除鋼管外的型鋼尺寸以及(e) provision of test methods to determine the integrity of guardrail systems, and the strength of the connection between guardrail posts and the supporting structure. 規(guī)定了測(cè)定護(hù)欄系統(tǒng)完整性以及護(hù)欄立柱與支撐結(jié)構(gòu)之間連接強(qiáng)度的方法。 copyright standards australia版權(quán)歸澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局users o

14、f standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all standards australia publications and software. except where the copyright act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by standards australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or

15、transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from standards australia. permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of standards australia.提醒使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的用戶注意，澳大

16、利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局所有出版物和軟件均受版權(quán)保護(hù)。除非版權(quán)法規(guī)定或滿足以下條件外，在未獲得澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局書面許可的前提下，任何人不得翻制澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局發(fā)行的出版物或軟件，也不得以任何形式儲(chǔ)存在檢索系統(tǒng)中或經(jīng)任何形式傳播。許可可能附有一定條件或支付適量特約使用金。許可申請(qǐng)及商業(yè)軟件版權(quán)相關(guān)信息請(qǐng)直接呈報(bào)至澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局總公司。standards australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by pur

17、chasers of the standard without payment of a royalty or advice to standards australia.澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局允許本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)購(gòu)買方可以復(fù)制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中10%的技術(shù)內(nèi)容以便內(nèi)部使用，無需支付版權(quán)或告知標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局。standards australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used ex

18、clusively in-house by the creators of the programs.澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局還允許軟件開發(fā)者將受版權(quán)保護(hù)的資料包含入電腦軟件程序中，無需支付特約使用金，前提是此類軟件專供開發(fā)者內(nèi)部使用。care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the standard and that it is updated whenever the standard is amended or revised. the number and date of th

19、e standard should therefore be clearly identified.應(yīng)注意確保所用材料來自本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最新版，且注意在本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)修正或修訂時(shí)更新材料。因此已明確指出本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的編號(hào)及日期。the use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. this policy m

20、ay be varied by standards australia at any time.通過復(fù)印形式或在商業(yè)軟件程序（有償或無償）中火災(zāi)商業(yè)合同中使用本材料，均須支付版稅 。澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局可隨時(shí)更改此規(guī)定。contents目錄page頁碼section 1 scope and general 第一章 范圍和總則 1.1scope 范圍41.2 application用途41.3 referenced documents參考文獻(xiàn) 41.4definitions 定義5section 2 structural design, materials and welding第二章 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、原料

21、與焊接2.1design 設(shè)計(jì)72.2 materials 原料72.3 welding 焊接8section 3platforms, continuous walkways, and steps with landings第三章 平臺(tái)、連續(xù)走道及帶平臺(tái)的階梯3.1 general requirements 一般要求93.2 protection at sides, ends, edges, and openings 側(cè)邊、端部、邊緣和開口處的防護(hù). . . .93.3design 設(shè)計(jì)103.4 guardrailing 護(hù)欄10section 4 stairways 第四章 樓梯4.1 w

22、idth and angle of slope 寬度和坡度124.2flights 梯段124.3stairs 樓梯124.4 landings 梯段平臺(tái)124.5 guardrailing 護(hù)欄124.6 handrailing 扶手12section 5 fixed ladders 第五章 固定梯子5.1clearances 間距155.2 access through horizontal openings 通過水平開口進(jìn)入155.3 ladder landings 梯段平臺(tái)155.4 guardrailing 護(hù)欄155.5step ladders 踏板式梯子 175.6 rung l

23、adders踏棍式梯子175.7 individual-rung ladders (step-irons)梯級(jí)固定的梯子（階梯腳踏） 21appendices 附錄a typical component dimensions and spacings for guardrailing常見構(gòu)件尺寸和護(hù)欄間距26b testing of guardrail posts 護(hù)欄立柱試驗(yàn)28c testing of guardrails 護(hù)欄試驗(yàn)29standards australia澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局australian standard澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)fixed platforms, walkways,

24、stairways, and ladders design, construction and installation固定平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯和梯子的設(shè)計(jì)、施工與安裝section 1 scope and general第一章 范圍與總則1.1 scope this standard sets out requirements for the design, construction, and installation of fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, and ladders which are intended to provide means

25、of safe access to and safe working at places normally used by operating, inspection, maintenance, and servicing personnel.范圍。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定了固定平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯和梯子的設(shè)計(jì)、施工和安裝要求。這些設(shè)施旨在為操作、檢查、維修和服務(wù)人員提供安全進(jìn)入工作場(chǎng)所并在其中安全工作的方式。the standard does not apply to situations where special provision is made in appropriate building or o

26、ther regulations, e.g. means of escape from fire. requirements for portable ladders are not included in this standard.本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不適用于已為相應(yīng)建筑物提供了特殊設(shè)備或做出其他規(guī)定的情況，比如火災(zāi)逃生方式。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也不包含對(duì)便攜式梯子的要求。1.2 application the design, construction, and installation of a platform, walkway, stairway, or ladder shall comply with the

27、 appropriate requirements of section 2 and the specific requirements for the type of structure, as follows:用途。平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯或梯子的設(shè)計(jì)、施工和安裝必須符合第二章相關(guān)規(guī)定以及以下對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)類型的特定要求：(a) platforms and walkways: section 3. 平臺(tái)和走道：第三章(b) stairways: section 4. 樓梯：第四章(c) fixed ladders: section 5. 固定梯子：第五章the application of the rel

28、evant sections and the limits of slope are illustrated in figure 1.1.相關(guān)各章的適用范圍以及坡度極限見表1.1。where it is not reasonably practicable to meet the full requirements of this standard, advice should be sought from the regulatory authority.若現(xiàn)實(shí)中無法滿足本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全部要求，則應(yīng)向管理機(jī)構(gòu)尋求意見。notes:注：1some structures and vehicles wil

29、l be unable to comply with all the requirements of this standard. special structures include radio masts, towers, portable on farm light-weight silos, and the like. vehicles include road tankers, waste disposal trucks, and the like.一些結(jié)構(gòu)和車輛無法滿足本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所有要求。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)包括天線桿、塔、以及農(nóng)場(chǎng)便攜式輕質(zhì)筒倉(cāng)等類似結(jié)構(gòu)。車輛包括公路罐車、垃圾車及類似車輛。2s

30、tructures and vehicles which are unable to comply with all the requirements of this standard should comply with the relevant design codes for loading.不能滿足本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所有要求的結(jié)構(gòu)和車輛應(yīng)符合相關(guān)的荷載規(guī)范設(shè)計(jì)。1.3 referenced documents the following documents are referred to in this standard: 參考文獻(xiàn)。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考文獻(xiàn)如下：as澳大利亞標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1170saa loadin

31、g code saa荷載規(guī)范1170.1 part 1: dead and live loads and load combinations 第1部分：靜荷載和活荷載以及組合荷載1170.2 part 2: wind loads 第2部分：風(fēng)力荷載1192electroplated coatings nickel and chromium 靜電涂層-鎳與鉻1538saa cold-formed steel structures code saa 冷成型鋼規(guī)范1554saa structural steel welding code saa 鋼材焊接規(guī)范1554.1part 1: welding

32、 of steel structures 第1部分鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的焊接1604preservative treatment for sawn timber, veneer and plywood 鋸材、飾面和膠合板的防腐處理1650hot-dipped galvanized coatings on ferrous articles 鐵制品的熱浸鍍鋅層1664saa aluminium structures code saa 鋁結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范1665saa aluminium welding code saa 鋁焊接規(guī)范1720saa timber structures code saa 木結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范1720.

33、1 part 1: design methods 第1部分 設(shè)計(jì)方法1734aluminium and aluminium alloys flat sheet, coiled sheet and plate 鋁和鋁合金-薄板、卷板和鋼板1782flooring milled from australian-grown conifers (softwoods) (excluding radiata pine and cypress pine) 由澳洲松樹（軟木材，除了輻射松和柏木）制成的地板。1789electroplated coatings zinc on iron or steel 電鍍層

34、-鐵或鋼鍍鋅1790electroplated coatings cadmium on iron or steel 電鍍層-鐵或鋼上鍍鎘1810flooring milled from cypress pine 柏木地板1866aluminium and aluminium alloys extruded rod, bar, solid and hollow shapes 鋁和鋁合金-擠壓棒材、條材，固體和中空型1892portable ladders 便攜式梯子1892.2 part 2: timber 第2部分：木材2105inorganic zinc silicate paint 無機(jī)硅

35、酸鋅涂料2269structural plywood 結(jié)構(gòu)膠合板2796timber seasoned hardwood milled products 木材經(jīng)干硬木磨碎制品3600concrete structures 混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)3700 saa masonry codesaa 砌石規(guī)范3990(int)steelwork for engineering applications 工程用鋼架4024safeguarding of machinery 機(jī)器的防護(hù)4024.1 (int)part 1: general principles 第1部分：總則4100 steel structures

36、 鋼結(jié)構(gòu)1：21：2.71：8踏板式梯子踏輥式梯子非安全區(qū)帶平臺(tái)的階梯樓梯帶蓋子或柵格的走道走道第五章第三章第四章表1.1 坡度極限1.4 definitions for the purpose of this standard, the definitions below apply.定義。本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采用下列定義：1.4.1 accepted accepted by the authority having jurisdiction.公認(rèn)獲得權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)可。1.4.2 floor the surface of a platform, walkway, or landing.地板平臺(tái)、走道或梯段平臺(tái)

37、的表面。1.4.3 going in a stair, the horizontal distance from the nosing of one tread to the nosing of the next tread. 級(jí)距相鄰踏板的突沿之間的水平距離。1.4.4 guard railing a structure to prevent persons from falling off any platform, walkway or landing.護(hù)欄防止人員從平臺(tái)、走道或梯段平臺(tái)上跌落的結(jié)構(gòu)。1.4.5 handrail a rail to provide handhold on

38、 a platform, walkway, stairway, or step ladder. it may form part of a guard railing.扶手平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯或踏板式梯子上供人抓握的圍欄，可為護(hù)欄的一部分。1.4.6 individual-rung ladder a ladder without stiles, each rung of which is individually attached to a structure or equipment.梯級(jí)固定的梯子沒有梯框的梯子，每一級(jí)踏棍分別固定在結(jié)構(gòu)或設(shè)備上。1.4.7 ladder a structure

39、 with treads or rungs, with or without stiles and handrails. 梯子帶有踏板或踏輥的結(jié)構(gòu)，不管有沒有梯框和扶手。1.4.8 ladder cage a fixed enclosure which encircles the climbing space of a ladder.梯籠環(huán)繞梯子攀登空間的固定圍籠。1.4.9 landing a level area used to provide access to a stairway or ladder, or located at an intermediate level in a

40、system of stairways or ladders.梯段平臺(tái)樓梯或梯子入口的水平面，或位于一套樓梯或梯子系統(tǒng)的中間高度層上。1.4.10 nosing the rounded edge of the tread projecting over the riser.突沿突出于樓梯豎板的踏板的圓形邊緣。1.4.11 pipe a tubular product made as a production item for sale. it may be round, oval, square, or rectangular in section.管一類管材，作為產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)出售，截面可為圓形、

41、橢圓、方形或矩形。note: for the purpose of this standard, the word pipe is synonymous with tube or structural hollow section (circular, square, or rectangular) although these words are used for different types of products by different industries.注：本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，“管”一詞與“管子”或結(jié)構(gòu)空心型鋼（圓形、方形或矩形）同義。但這些術(shù)語在不同行業(yè)中用于不同類型的產(chǎn)品。1.4.1

42、2 platform an area provided for access or working, which is elevated above the surrounding floor or level.平臺(tái)用于通行或工作的區(qū)域，高于周圍地板或平面。1.4.13 reasonably practicable practicable having regard to 適度可行是否可行與以下情況有關(guān)(a) the severity of the hazard or risk in question; 可疑的危害或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的嚴(yán)重性(b) the state of knowledge about

43、that hazard or risk, and any ways of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk; 對(duì)于此類危害或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的了解程度，以及消除或減輕危險(xiǎn)或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方式；(c) the availability and suitability of ways to remove or mitigate that hazard or risk; and 消除或減輕危險(xiǎn)或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方法的有效性和適當(dāng)性；以及(d) the cost of removing or mitigating that hazard or risk. 消除或減輕危害或風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的成

44、本。1.4.14 regulatory authority a minister of the crown, a government department, commission or other authority having power to issue regulations, orders or other instructions having the force of law in respect of any subject covered by this standard.管理機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)于本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中所有規(guī)定，有權(quán)發(fā)布規(guī)章、命令或其他擁有法律效力的指示的內(nèi)閣閣員、政府部門、委員會(huì)或

45、其他法定或政府機(jī)構(gòu)。1.4.15 rise the vertical height from the top of one tread to the top of the next; also refers to the total height of a flight or series of flights, taken from the top of one floor to the top of the next floor.板高從踏板頂端到下一踏板頂端的垂直高度，也指梯段或一系列梯段的總高度，從地板到下一地板頂端的距離為準(zhǔn)。1.4.16 rung ladder a ladder co

46、nsisting of stiles and rungs. 踏輥式梯子由梯框和踏輥組成的梯子。1.4.17 shall indicates that a statement is mandatory.必須表示一段陳述為命令式的。1.4.18 should indicates a recommendation.應(yīng)當(dāng)表示一個(gè)建議。1.4.19 stairway a sloping stepped structure having not less than three rises and having a slope within the range of 26.5 degrees to 45 d

47、egrees inclusive.樓梯一種有坡度帶踏步的結(jié)構(gòu)，梯級(jí)不少于三級(jí)，坡度在26.5度至45度之間（包含）。1.4.20 step ladder a ladder consisting of stiles, treads and handrails.踏板式梯子由梯框、踏板和扶手組成的梯子。1.4.21 stile a side member that supports the treads or rungs of a ladder. the terms side rail, and stringer, are often used synonymously.梯框支撐梯子踏板或踏輥的側(cè)邊

48、構(gòu)件?！皞?cè)板”和“支撐件”常用作其同義詞。1.4.22 walkway a passageway that is either level or sloping from the surrounding floor or level. a walkway may be a continuous structure or steps with landings.走道一類過道，可為平面或傾斜在周邊地板或平面上。走道可為連續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu)或帶有梯段平臺(tái)的階梯。section 2 structural design, materials and welding第二章 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、材料與焊接2.1 design設(shè)計(jì)

49、2.1.1 general the design of the structural work comprising the platform, walkways, stairways, ladders, and guardrailing shall comply with the relevant requirements of the following standards:總則。包括平臺(tái)、走道、樓梯、梯子和護(hù)欄等結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)必須遵守以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相關(guān)要求：(a) for aluminium: as 1664. 鋁：as 1664(b) for concrete: as 3600混凝土：as 3

50、600.(c) for masonry: as 3700. 石材：as 3700(d) for timber: as 1720.1. 木材：as 1729.1(e) for steel: as 1538, as 3990(int) or as 4100. 鋼：as 1538，as 3900（int）或as 41002.1.2 design loadings設(shè)計(jì)荷載2.1.2.1 floors floors shall be designed for the dead load of the structure plus a superimposed live loading of not le

51、ss than 2.5 kpa uniformly distributed, or a concentrated loading of not less than 1 kn at any point, whichever produces the most adverse effect.地板。地板的設(shè)計(jì)荷載必須為該結(jié)構(gòu)的靜荷載加上不少于2.5kpa均勻分布的迭加活荷載，或者是施加在任一點(diǎn)處不少于1000n的集中荷載，以造成最壞影響的為準(zhǔn)。where the floor of the platform or walkway or landing is likely to be loaded in

52、 excess of the above requirements, the design loading shall be based on the requirements of as 1170.1.若平臺(tái)、走道或梯段平臺(tái)的地板有可能承受超出上述要求的荷載，則設(shè)計(jì)荷載必須以as 1170.1的要求為基礎(chǔ)。in special cases, where large floor areas or concentrated loads (or both) have to be considered, variation of the design load specified above may

53、 be referred to the regulatory authority.對(duì)于必須考慮大型地板面積或集中荷載（或兩者）的特例，對(duì)以上指明的設(shè)計(jì)荷載所作的更改應(yīng)當(dāng)咨詢管理機(jī)構(gòu)。2.1.2.2 guardrails the guardrailing shall be designed to withstand whichever of the following live loadings produces the most adverse effect:護(hù)欄。護(hù)欄設(shè)計(jì)必須使其能夠承受以下任一活荷載造成的最壞影響：(a) a force of 550 n acting outwards o

54、r downwards at any point on the top rail, edge or post. 向外或向下施加在護(hù)欄頂端、邊緣或立柱任何一點(diǎn)的 550n作用力。(b) a force of 330 n per linear metre acting outwards or downwards on the top rail or edge. where appropriate, wind loadings in accordance with as 1170.2 shall be added to the above live loadings. 向外或向下施加在護(hù)欄頂端或邊緣每延米330n的作用力。