課文聽力文本

1、課 文 聽 力 文 本-Un it-9-About- YourselfUnit 9 About YourselfPart I Getting ReadyExercise B.Keys:1. teeth, 24, 322. bon es, 153,2063. heart, 98, 7.4. nose (mea ning: not in terfere in)5. foot (mea ning: cause embarrassme nt by doing or say ing sth. tactless)6. hand, han d(mea ning: ask for help)7. ears (

2、mea ning: liste n with care)8. Head (mea ning: completely)9. n eck (mea ning: deeply in volved in)10. heart, heart (meaning: with the deepest devoti on)Tapescript:1. A: Do you know how many teeth you e got?B: How many teeth? Ooh, ooh, 24? More?(Ye9 32?A: Y es.2. A: Do you know how many bones there a

3、re in your body?B: How many bon es?II take a guess. 153.A: 206.3. A: How ofte n does your heart beat?B: 98 times a mi nu te.A: No, 70 times a min ute.4. Bob: Do you know what the boss thinks you should do, Billy?Billy: Just you keep your great nose out of this, Bob, will you? (Mea ning: not in terfe

4、re in)5. Anne: Steve n Ken t, I n ever, n ever want to see you in my life aga in.Steve n: Oh no.Mary: You really have put your foot in it, have nt you?(Meaning: cause embarrassment by doing or say ing sth. tactless)6. Kate: Dave! Can you give me a hand, please?Dave: What?Kate: I said can you give me

5、 a hand.Dave: All right, Im comi ng. No n eed to shout.(Mea ning: ask for help)7. Max: Are there any jobs going in your company then, for an intelligent, hard-working young man; like my son Julia n?Frank: No, I have nt heard of any at all rece ntly.Max: Well, could you keep your ears open just in ca

6、se? (Meaning: listen with care)8. Carol: Have you heard about Maggie the n?Norma: Maggie? Maggie Thatcher?Carol: No. Maggie Brow n. Shes in love aga in.Norma: Oh not again. Who with this time?Carol: With her boss. Head over heels in love with him, she is. (Mea ning: completely)9. Nick: Have you ever

7、 lent any money to Mick?Jill: Mick? Huh! I would nt lend him any if I were you.Nick: Why not? Does nt he pay it back?Jill: No. Never. Hes up to his neck in debts.(Mea ning: deeply in volved in)10. Liz: Shes a very good doctor. Never looks at her watch. Never compla ins. Nothi ngs too much trouble fo

8、r her.Pat: I know, yeah. Not many like her about. Shes all heart, really. All heart.(Mea ning: with the deepest devoti on)Part nExercise A.Keys: 4352413441 Tapescript:Our body is made up of thousands of differe nt parts. All these parts work together to keep us alive and to help us move around. The

9、parts of the huma n body are like the parts of a very complicated machine. Like any other machi ne, however, if it is in expertly cared for, over-taxed or in sufficie ntly used, it will become rusty, sluggish or clogged and parts of its mechanism may even grind to a halt. That is why it is so import

10、a nt to keep every part of the huma n mach ine healthy and properly cared. To keep in good running order, the body requires the raw materials for growth and the replacement of tissues when necessary. Our bodies bum food like fuel to produce the en ergy we n eed.The human digestive system is a bit li

11、ke a very long tube, but its a lot more complex. Its several meters long, and most of it is carefully coiled up in our abdomen. It has several importa nt jobs to do.First, it must digest or break down our food. Digestion starts the moment food enters our mouth. Then it continues as the food is squee

12、zed along the gut by muscles in the wall of the in test ine. As the food travels through the gut, n atural chemicals called en zymes are added to it, which help break down the food. Then this digested food and water must be absorbed from the gut into our blood stream so that it can be used by the bo

13、dy. Fin ally, the gut must carry away any waste products in the form of feces.Usually our intestine does all these things very efficiently. But sometimes things can gowrong. Probably the most comm ongutsymptoms are diarrhea and con stipati on.With diarrhea, the food and water travelstoo quickly thro

14、ugh the intestine, often making the feces watery, and making it necessary to ope n the bowels more freque ntly.There are lots of causes of diarrhea.Probably the comm on est causes of diarrhea are contaminated food or water, and infection caused by viruses or parasites.Many cases of diarrhea clear up

15、 with in a few days without any special medic in es. But the body loses a lot of fluid through diarrhea, so there is a very real risk of the body drying out or becoming dehydrated. Because of this risk of dehydration, the best treatment for diarrhea is simply to make sure you are dinking eno ugh. Av

16、oiding dehydration in this way can be a life saver.Exercise B.Keys:Causes of diarrhea:food pois oning, themselves, the gut, get very nervous, stressed about something diarrheaTreatme nt of diarrhea:serious, clear up, one or two days, drink lots of fluid, eat too much, salt and sugar, specially mixed

17、, sugar and a pinch of saltTapescript:There are lots of differe nt causes of diarrhea.Um, there are infections that can happen, and this is food pois onin g, if you like, where in your food you eat some sort of bacteria or orga ni sms, which infect you. Some foods can just irritate the gut and tend

18、to give you diarrhea, although they are not infected. Its just the food itself (that) might irritate your system. Some people, if they get very nervous and stressed about something, find they tend to get diarrhea. Something called the irritable bowel syndrome where something goes wrong with the way

19、thegut works. And people that suffer from this tend to get, um, tummy pains, and they get sometimes diarrhea, sometimes constipation. All sorts of causes.Most attacks of diarrhea, urn, particularly in adults, are not serious and they clear up by themselves within one or two days. The most important

20、thing is to drink lots of fluid, because if you have got diarrhea, youre obviously los ing a lot of fluid. And so its better really not to eat too much, not to worry about that, but o make sure you drink plenty of fluid. And ideally, this should have a little bit of salt and sugar in. You can get sp

21、ecial dehydrating fluids, which are specially mixed. But if you want to make your own by addi ng just a teaspo onful of sugar and a pinch of salt, then its obviously perfectly reas on able to do that.Part 川 ImmunityExercise B.Keys:1. Because there are some things which we re not naturally immune to.

22、2. A versi on of an ill ness is give n to the body, andn fectedthe body thinks that it s actually being iwith that infection. The next time it seesit, the body can resp ond very quickly.3. No. We can t produce a vaccine for AIDS,for in sta nee.4. The HIV virus, which causes AIDS, attacksthe huma n i

23、mm une system. And the virus itself can change very easily. It s very difficu t to finda vaccine which can recognize all types of HIV . Tapescript:The huma n body is con sta ntly un der attack from invading germs and infections. And the only reas on we dont suffer from con sta nt ill ness is our bod

24、ies have their own defe nse mecha nism to fight off disease. This resista nee to in fecti on is called immu ni ty.A: How does immu nity work?B: Well, the immune system is the bodys own secret army, which fights infection. And it con sists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their m

25、olecules. Now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. Thats where it does most of its fight in g. A nd sometimes it needs some reserve, and that comes from the bone marrow. Thats where the imm une cells are made.A: So there are many different kinds of cells, different kinds of molecules i

26、n the immune system. I guessed the ones that were probably more familiar with are white blood cells.B: Thats right. White blood cells form a major part of the bodys defe nse. But there are also antibodies in their life, more proteins. They just lash onto the invaders. The white cells can sometimes a

27、ctually gobble up invaders. The clever thing is that once the infection has attacked our body, the imm une system seems to have a memory of the in vader, so that the next time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly.A: There are some things which were not naturallyimmune to and thats wherevac

28、c in ati on comes in, is nt it?B: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the bodys ability to remember infection. So what happe ns is that some one is give n a versi on of an illness, for instanee, measles or polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infected with that infection.

29、And the next time it sees it, the body can respond very quickly. All the troops of its imm une system can come into play.A: Now sometimes the imm une system does nt work very well, does it?B: No. Its a remarkably complex system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actua

30、lly starts to attack our own body self, or it can be underachieve sometimes, and we are more likely to be in fected in that situati on.A: Are there any important illnesses, which result from the immune system so that itstur ning on our bodies themselves?B: There are. One example would be a disease l

31、ike multiple-sclerosis, where the bodys own imm une system attacks the lining of n erves, which means that peoples n erves dont work properly.A: Were able to assist the body in its fight against the illness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we dont seem to be able to produce a vacc in

32、e for. AIDS is one of them. Why n ot?B: The problem is AIDS, which is caused by theHIV virus, attacks the human immune system, which means that our normal defenses arent there to fight off that infection. The other problem with trying to produce a vaccine against HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV ,

33、 can change itself so easily. Thats very difficult to find a vaccine, which can recog nize all the differe nt types of HIV So one vaccine may be effective against one type of the virus but it may absolutely be nogood for ano ther type.Exercise C.Keys:headquarters f bloodGobbli ng up in vadersHav ing

34、 a memory of in vadersUn deractive more likely to be in fectedthe imm une system:2 3vacc in ati on: 5HIV: 14 6Tapescript:Presenter: The human body is constantly under attack from in vadi ng germs and infections. And the only reason we dont suffer from constant illness is our bodies have their own de

35、fense mechanism to fight off disease. This resista nee to in fecti onis calledimmunity. And here with me to discuss how it works is Grime East on.He is a family doctor, and a member of the Scienee In It here in the BBCWorld Service. Grime, how does imm un ity work?Grime: Well, the immune system is t

36、he bodys own secret army, if you like, which fights in fecti on. And it con sists of a whole range of troops, soldiers, their cells and their molecules. Um, now the headquarters of this army is really the blood. Thats where it does most of the fighting. And sometimes it needs some reserve,backup, an

37、d that comes from the bonemarrow. Thats where the immune cellsfactories are,Prese nter: So there are many differe nt kinds of cells, and differe nt kinds of molecules tied up in the immune system. I guessed the ones that were probably more familiar with are white blood cells.Grime: Thats right. Whit

38、e blood cells form a major part of the bodys defense. But there are also antibodies in their life,more proteins, which just lash onto thein vaders. Um, but, as you say, the white cells can sometimes actually gobble up invaders. So the clever thing is that once the in fecti on has attacked our body,

39、the immunesystem seems to have amemory of the in vader, so that the n ext time it sees the invader it can attack very quickly.The immune system in the human body fights invading disease. Immunity occurs because the immune system can remember the chemica makeup of invading germs and attack them very

40、quickly.Presenter: There are some things which werenot naturally immune to and thats where vacc in ati on comes in, is nt it?Grime: Exactly. Vaccination plays on the bodys ability to remember infection. So what happe ns is that some one is give n a versi on of an ill ness, for in sta nee, measles or

41、 polio, or tuberculosis, and the body thinks that it is actually being infeeted with that infeetion. And the next time itsees it, urn, the body can respond very quickly. And all the troops of its imm une system can come into play.Vaccination can be used to protect the body aga inst specific in fecti

42、 ons.Presenter: Now sometimes the immune system does nt work very well, does it?Grime: No. Its a remarkably complex system.Its a very complicated system. And sometimes it can go wrong. Either it can be overactive, so it actually starts to attack our own body self, or it can be un der active sometime

43、s, and we are more likely to be infected in that situation.Presenter: Are there any important illnesses, which result from the imm une system so that its turning on our bodies themselves?Grime: There are. And one example would be adisease like multiple-sclerosis, where the bodys own immune system, w

44、e think,attacks the lining of nerves, which means that peoples nerves dont work properly.Presenter: Were able to assist the body in its fight aga inst the ill ness in many cases, but there are some diseases which we dont seem to be able to produce a vacc ine for. Um, AIDS is one of them. Why n ot?Gr

45、ime: Well, the problem is AIDS, which is caused by the HIV virus, is that HIV itself attacks the huma n imm une system, which means that our normal defensew arent there to fight off that in fecti on, or in deed many other sorts of in fecti on. The other problem with tryi ngto produce a vacc ine aga

46、inst HIV or AIDS is that the virus, HIV , can cha nge itself so easily. Urn, thats very difficult to find a vaccine which can recognize all the different types of HIV, which there are. So one vaccine may be effective aga inst one type of the virus but it may absolutely be no good for ano ther type.

47、HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV destroys the bodys imm une system, and puts the body at greater risk from other comm on in fecti ons.Prese nter: I was talki ng to Dr. Grime East on of the Scie nee In It about imm un ity. The reason why he, I, and I hope you, are able to rema in as healthy as

48、we are.Part IV The Circulatory SystemKeys:parts, waste, body, n eeded, heart, defe nse, cells, in vaderstwo, l un gs, blood, back, arteries walls, cell, heart, oxyge n, blood, digestive, liver, heartPart V HairKeys:Caller s name: JBaillieProblem: los ing hairCaller doctor opinion: nothing he can do about it; hereditarySolution: not a lot he can do about it; try to acceptAdvice: don t comb it over; donwear any false hairpiece thingsTapescript:Radio presenter: All right. Thank you for that call, Rosemary. We now go, I thi nk, to Glasgow and our n ext caller, er, Jim Ba