英語部分倒裝大歸納

1、英語部分倒裝大歸納1. 疑問句中，一般須部分倒裝。如：How long have you been here? 你來這兒多長時間了？What do you think about the movie? 你認為這場電影怎么樣？Why doesnt he come here? 他為什么沒來這兒？注意：當對句子的主語提問時，一般不用倒裝語序。如：Who did it just now? 剛才誰干的？What happened last night? 昨天晚上發(fā)生了什么事？2. 否定詞no, none, neither, nor, nobody, nothing, never，或半否定詞hardly,

2、 seldom, scarcely, barely, little, few, 否定詞的短語not until, by no means, not onlybut also, in no way, neither nor, in no time, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, 及頻度狀語副詞every day, every other day, many a time, often等位于句首時，一般須部分倒裝。如：Neither do I know him. 我也不認識他。No word did he say before he left. 他一句話沒說就走了。Litt

3、le didI know about it. 我對它了解得不多。Not only did he come, but also he brought us good news. 他不但來了，而且給我們帶來了好消息。Often did he come here with a good smile on his face. 他來這里時，臉上掛著笑容。3. Only + 狀語，置于句首時，一般須用部分倒裝。如：Only when I got there did I know the truth. 我只有到那里時才知道事情的真相。Only in the morning can you meet him.

4、 你只有在早晨見到他。注意：(1) Only + 狀語不在句首時，不可倒裝，如：I wrote to him only yesterday. 我就在昨天給它取了封信。(2) Only + 名詞做主語時，不可倒裝。如：Only Li Lei can answer this question. 只有李蕾能回答這個問題。4. as / though引導讓步狀語從句時，一般須用部分倒裝。如：Old as / though he is, he workslike a young man. 盡管他很老了，但他工作起來卻像個年輕人。Hard as / though he was working, he di

5、dnt pass the exam. 雖然他一直在努力學習，但他還是沒有通過那次考試。Try again as / though he will, he cant succeed. 盡管他還會再試一試，但是它不會成功。as / though引起的倒裝分三種情況：表語、動詞原形及狀語的倒裝。(1) 表語的倒裝。一般直接將表語提前到句首，若表語是帶不定冠詞a / an的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，倒裝后，不定冠詞a / an須被省略。如：Fine as / though he looks, he is ill with some serious diseases. Child as / though he is

6、, he knows much about the society. (2) 原形動詞的倒裝。A. 動詞前面帶有情態(tài)動詞may, might, will, would, can, could等時，只將行為動詞提到句首，而這些情態(tài)動詞保留在原處。B. 若動詞前面沒有情態(tài)動詞時，應在動詞原來的位置加上助動詞do的適當形式。C. 用于這一句型的動詞一般是不及物動詞，而不能是系動詞或及物動詞。如：Swim as / though he can, he cant swim so far. 盡管他會游泳，但是他游不得那么遠。Run as / though he did, he didnt run fast

7、 enough to catch the bus. 雖然他跑，但是他跑得不夠快而沒有趕上汽車。(3) 狀語倒裝。如：In the classroom as / though he stays, he doesnt read his texts. 盡管他呆在教室里，但他不讀書。Ccarefully as / though he worked, he made some mistakes. 盡管他工作很細心，但還是除了一些差錯。5. may用來表示祝愿時，一般用部分倒裝。如：May you have a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。May you succeed. 祝你成功。6. 當

8、虛擬條件句的謂語含有were, had, should時，可將if省略，而將were, had, should提到句首，形成部分倒裝。如：Were he here, we would have no difficulty with it. 要是他在這兒的話，我們就不會有難處了。Had you worked hard, you would have finished it early. 要是你工作努力的話，你將早就完成了。7. 當so 用來連接不同的人或物具有相同的情況時，可用部分倒裝。如：Tom can speak Chinese. 湯姆會講漢語。So can Mary. 瑪麗也會講漢語。Mr

9、. Li has gone to America. 李先生去美國了。So has Mrs. Li. 李夫人也去美國了。但是，若是對同一個人或事的情況表示肯定而重復時，不能倒裝。如：Li Lei is good at his lessons. 李蕾的功課學得好。So he is. 他的確學得好。Wei Fang went to the cinema last night. 魏方昨晚去看過電影。So she did. 她的確去看過()。8. 結(jié)構(gòu)sothat/ suchthat引導狀語從句，當so或such提到句首時，主句須用倒裝語序。如：So interesting is that story

10、that everyone wants to read it. 那個故事那么有趣，大家都想看。So good a girl is she that we all like her. 她是一個如此好的女孩，我們大家都喜歡她。(比較) Such a good girl is she that we all like her. 她是一個如此好的女孩，我們大家都喜歡她。9. 感嘆句中的倒裝。如：Isnt it beautiful! 難道還不漂亮！Arent you content with it! 難道還不知足！表語或狀語置于句首時的完全倒裝有時為了強調(diào)或者為了使句子平衡或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密

11、，就將表語和地點狀語(多為介詞短語)置于句首，謂語動詞也常置于主語前，構(gòu)成完全倒裝。如：By the door stood an armed guard. 門口站著一名手持武器的士兵。At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐著一個等人的漂亮姑娘。Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗戶邊坐著一個年輕人，手里拿著一本雜志。At

12、the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 書的前部有目錄，詳列了書中的內(nèi)容。涉及sothat的部分倒裝在so. that結(jié)構(gòu)中，若將so+adj. / adv. 置于句首，則其后的主句要用部分倒裝。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他們吃

13、得太多了，一個小時都動彈不得。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他講話聲音那么大，隔壁屋里的人都聽得見。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒法像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。類似地，當suchthat結(jié)構(gòu)的such置于句首時，such后的句子也要使用

14、部分倒裝。如：Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像個很和藹的人，所以我們都喜歡他。涉及“only+狀語”的部分倒裝當“only狀語”位于句首時，其后習慣上要用部分倒裝。其中，only后的狀語可以是副詞、介詞短語、從句等。Only in this way can we learn English. 只有這樣才能學會英語。Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那時我才明白她的意思。Only by shouting was he able to make himself h

15、eard. 他只有叫喊才能讓別人聽到他。注意，在only后作狀語的是從句時，從句不要用倒裝，要部分倒裝的是主句。如：Only when it rains do you feel cool. 只有下雨時才覺得涼爽一點。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家里時，才知道出了什么事。Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我們只是在著陸之后才看到飛機損壞的嚴重程度。涉及not onlybut also的部分倒裝

16、not onlybut also前后連接兩個句子時，not only后的句子要用部分倒裝，但but also后的分句不用倒裝。如：Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不僅來了，而且還見到了她。Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但會說西班牙語，還會打字呢。Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不僅是一位教師，而且是一位詩人。Not only did he speak more correct

17、ly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確，也講得更不費勁了。Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他們不但做了音樂表演，而且簡短地介紹了西方銅管樂器的歷史。涉及否定的部分倒裝按英語習慣，當never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, no, no sooner, by no

18、means, under no circumstances等否定詞置于句首時，其后要用部分倒裝。如：Never did I see him again. 后來我再也沒見到過他了。Little did I dream that the girl was my niece. 我做夢也沒想到那女孩是我的侄女。Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃飯。Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 他幾乎沒時間聽音樂。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plan

19、e took off. 我們剛到機場,飛機就起飛了。Not until we lose our health do we realize its value. 等到失去了健康，才明白它的價值。No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she started to have terrible doubts. 她剛同意嫁給他她就開始產(chǎn)生可怕的疑慮。Under no circumstances are children allowed in the bar. 在任何情況下也不能允許兒童進酒吧。否定副詞之后的倒裝否定或近似否定副詞(往往是時間或頻度副詞，如n

20、ever, rarely, seldom)，或是具有否定作用的副詞，如 little, on no account 等。如：Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 這么強烈的反對原子彈的抗議活動從未 / 很少 / 有過。Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他對這個會議的重要性不甚了了。On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要給你錢，你可絕不能接受。當這種副詞

21、不在句首時，當然應該用正常詞序：There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 從未 / 很少發(fā)生過這么強烈的反對原子彈的抗議活動。He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白這個會議的重要性。另外，有些含有否定意義的介詞短語置于句首時，其后也要用倒裝。如：In no case should you give up. 你絕不能放棄。On no condition should we tell her about it. 我們絕不能把此事告訴她。On

22、no accounts must this switch be touched.這個開關(guān)是絕 不能觸摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.無論如何我也不會再借錢給他了。Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你無論如何都不該把錢借給他。No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再給那個人工作了。副詞后的倒裝here 和 there 之后以及諸如 back, down, off, up 等一類的副詞小品詞之后，名詞

23、主語一般置于謂語之后。這類副詞常與諸如 come 和 go 等轉(zhuǎn)移動詞一起連用。如：Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有輛出租車來了! 最后一班火車開走了! (注意這里不可用進行時) Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，傘都撐了起來。當我們給人東西或確定位置時，這種倒裝常用在be之后(主語往往是復數(shù))。如：Heres a cup of tea for you. 給你一杯茶。(給東西) Heres your letters. 這兒有你的信。(給與或指明) Theres (重讀

24、) Johnny smith. 約翰尼史密斯在那兒。(確定位置) 主語如是代詞則不倒裝。如：Here it comes. 它來了。 There she goes. 她走了。Up it went. 它上去了。 Here you are. 給你。There she is. 她在那兒。涉及副詞so的兩類?？嫉寡b這類倒裝主要見于以下兩種情形：1. 當副詞so后接形容詞或副詞位于句首時，其后要用部分倒裝。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that w

25、e can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然，我們來不及逃跑。2. 當要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合于后者，通常就要用“So+助動詞+主語”這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：You are young and so am I. 你年輕，我也年輕。She likes music and so do I. 她喜歡音樂，我也喜歡。If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能?！镜湫涂碱}】(答案

26、分別為BBA)1. So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. A. I did findB. did I find C. I have foundD. have I found2. _ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. A. so curious the couple wasB. So curious were the coupleC. H

27、ow curious the couple wereD. The couple was such curious3. Its burning hot today, isnt it?Yes. _ yesterday. A. So was it B. So it wasC. So it is D. So is it特別說明(from )：(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情況，要表示后者也屬于同樣的否定情況，則應將其中的so改為neither或nor。如：You arent young and neither am I. 你不年輕，我也不年輕。She hasnt read it and nor have

28、 I. 她沒有讀它，我也沒有讀。請看考題(答案選D)：Mary never does any reading in the evening, _.A. so does JohnB. John does tooC. John doesnt too D. nor does John(2) 注意“So+助動詞+主語”與表示強調(diào)或同意的“So+主語+助動詞”的區(qū)別。如：“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷?！薄暗拇_很冷?！闭埧纯碱}(答案分別為CD)：1. Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. _, and

29、so did I. A. So she hadB. So had sheC. So she didD. So did she2.Father, you promised! Well, _. But it was you who didnt keep your word first. A. so was IB. so did IC. so I was D. so I did涉及only的倒裝及考題分析按英語習慣同，當“only+狀語”位于句首時，其后句子要用部分倒裝。如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那時他才意識到他錯了。Only in

30、 this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有這樣，才能保住我們的榮譽。Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那時我才明白她的意思。Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才認識到她的價值。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家

31、里時,才知道出了什么事。Only in this way can we learn English. 只有這樣才能學會英語(from )。The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飛機駕駛員要乘客們放心，這時我才明白剛才的情況有多危險。Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard. 他只有叫喊才能讓別人聽到他。Only when we landed did we see how badl

32、y the plane had been damaged. 我們只是在著陸之后才看到飛機損壞的嚴重程度。Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一點，我同意你的說法。 【典型考題】(答案分別為DC)1. Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A. she realizedB. she had realizedC. had she realizedD. did she realize2. Only after my friend came _. A. did the computer repairedB

33、. be repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired特別說明：有時命題者不是利用位于句首的“only+狀語”來考查倒裝，而是倒過來，利用給定的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)來考查對only的選擇。如下面一題(答案選A)：_ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. JustC. StillD. Yet完全倒裝用法歸納完全倒裝，即將謂語移到主語前。英語中構(gòu)成完全倒裝的情形

34、主要有：1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等方向性副詞開頭的句子，且句子主語是名詞時，句子用完全倒裝。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在該你了。Then came a new difficulty. 這時又產(chǎn)生了一個新的困難。The door opened and in came Mr Li. 門開了，李先生進了來。注：若主語為代詞，則不用倒裝。如：The door opened and in she came. 門開了，她走了進來。2. 將表

35、語和地點狀語(多為介詞短語)置于句首加以強調(diào)時，其后通常用倒裝語序。如：Among them was my friend Jim. 他們當中就有我的朋友吉姆。Around the lake are some tall trees. 湖的四周有些高樹。注：在表語置于句首的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語應與其后的主語保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。部分倒裝用法歸納部分倒裝，即將主語與助動詞倒置，其結(jié)構(gòu)與一般疑問句大致相同。英語中構(gòu)成部分倒裝的主要情形有：1. 含否定意義的詞(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not

36、only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首時，其后用部分倒裝。如：Never have I seen read such a book. 我從未讀過那樣的書。Little do we know his life. 我們對他的生活了解得很少。By no means should you tell him about it. 你絕不要告訴他這事。2. only 加狀語(副詞 / 介詞短語 / 從句)放在句首時，其后用部分倒裝。如：Only in this way can you do it well. 只有這樣你才能做好。Only

37、 when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家里時，才知道出了什么事。3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者時，用“so / neither / nor+助動詞+主語”這樣的倒裝句式。如：He can sing English songs and so can I. 他會唱英語歌，我也會。He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他沒有看這部電影，我也沒有看。She is every beautiful and so was her mot

38、her when she was young. 她很美，她媽媽年輕時也很美。4. 當虛擬條件句含有 were, should, had 時，可省略 if，將 were, should, had 置于句首。如：Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我就會拒絕。Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了這一點，我可能會采取某種行動(from )。5. so.that 結(jié)構(gòu)中，將 so+adj. / adv. 置于句首

39、時，其后要用倒裝語序。如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷，我們只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我們幾乎沒法想像它的速度。完全倒裝的四種主要類型1. here 和there位于句首時的倒裝表示地點的here和 there位于句首時，其后用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝句的謂語通常是動詞be和come, go等表示移動或動態(tài)的不及物動詞：Heres Tom. 湯姆在這里。Theres Jim. 吉姆在那兒

40、。Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。There goes the bell. 鈴響了。There goes the last train. 最后一班火車開走了?！咀⒁狻?1) 以上倒裝句中的謂語動詞come和go不能用進行時態(tài)，即不能說 Here is coming the bus。(2) 若主語為代詞，則不倒裝：Here I am. 我在這兒。/ 我來了。Here it comes. 它來了。(3) 其中的動詞有時也可能是stand, lie, live等表示狀態(tài)的動詞(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墻放著一張書桌

41、。Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 從前有個人名叫比夫。2. away和down等位于句首時的倒裝地點副詞away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首時，其后用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動態(tài)的不及物動詞：Away went the runners. 賽跑選手們跑遠了。Round and round flew the plane. 飛機盤旋著。The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 門開了，史密斯先生進了來。D

42、own came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，傘都撐起來了?！咀⒁狻咳糁髡Z為人稱代詞，則不能用倒裝：Away he went. 他跑遠了。Down it came. 它掉了下來。3. 狀語或表語位于句首時的倒裝為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密，有時可將狀語或表語置于句首，句中主語和謂語完全倒裝：Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗戶邊坐著一個年輕人，手里

43、拿著一本雜志?！咀⒁狻吭诒碚Z置于句首的這類倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，要注意其中的謂語應與其后的主語保持一致，而不是與位于句首的表語保持一致。比較：In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只貓。In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些貓。4. 分詞和不定式置于句首的倒裝有時為了強調(diào)，可將謂語部分的現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置于句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝：Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To

44、be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細考慮。涉及讓步狀語從句的五類倒裝請看下面一道考題：_, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may beB. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student這道題很有一定難度。具體說來，它主要涉及兩個考點：一是讓步狀語從句倒裝

45、后的詞序問題。讓步狀語從句之所以要采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是為了強調(diào)位于句首的名詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞等，其詞序形式為：被強調(diào)的成分+as / though + 主語+動詞。二是在倒裝的讓步狀語從句中，位于句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是否帶冠詞的問題。按照英語習慣，英語中的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞在泛指時，一般要有不定冠詞的修飾，但是位于倒裝讓步狀語從句句首的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞是個例外，即使泛指其前也不加不定冠詞。由此可知，上面這道考題的答案應為B。為了幫助同學們?nèi)嬲莆兆尣綘钫Z從句的倒裝用法，本文將這類語法現(xiàn)象歸納為以下五種句型：一、名詞+as / though+主語+動詞King as he was, he was unh

46、appy. 他雖是國王，但他并不幸福。Child as he is, he knows to help other. 他雖是個孩子，但卻知道幫助別人。Teacher though he is, he cant know everything. 他雖然是老師，但也不可能什么都懂?！菊f明】其中的動詞通常為連系動詞，也就是說位于句首的名詞是其后連系動詞的表語。另外，要特別注意位于句首的名詞前習慣上不用冠詞，即使其前有形容詞修飾也不用冠詞。比較：Boy as though he is, he likes to play with girls.=Though Although he is a boy,

47、he likes to play with girls. 他雖是男孩，卻喜歡與女孩子玩。Strong man as though he is, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks.= Though Although he is a strong man, General Botha has been severely put to the test during the past few weeks. 波賽將軍雖然堅強，但在過去的數(shù)周里也受到了嚴峻的考驗。二、形容詞+as / tho

48、ugh+主語+動詞Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他雖然成功，但不驕傲。Improbable as it seems, its true. 雖然看起來不太可能，但卻是真的。Stupid as it sounds，I was so in love with her that I believed her. 盡管聽起來很愚蠢，我是如此愛她竟然相信了她的話。Patient as he was，he didnt like waiting that long. 他雖說有耐心，也不愿等這么長。Beautiful though the necklace was，w

49、e thought it was over-priced. 那條項鏈雖然很漂亮，我們認為價錢太高?！菊f明】其中的動詞也通常為連系動詞，也就是說位于句首的形容詞是其后連系動詞的表語。三、副詞+as / though+主語+動詞Much as I like Paris, I couldnt live there. 盡管我喜歡巴黎，但我不能住在那里。Hard though they tried, they couldnt make her change her mind. 盡管他們做了很大努力，卻沒法讓她改變主意。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book

50、in two days. 盡管你讀得很快，你總不能在兩天之內(nèi)就讀完這本書。He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried. 盡管他做了努力，卻未能取得很大進步?！菊f明】有的詞典將much as 作為習語看待，認為它是一個用以引導讓步狀語從句的復合連詞。再如：Much as I admire him as a writer，I do not like him as a man. 他作為一名作家我很佩服他，但我卻不喜歡他這個人。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you. 我盡管很喜歡你, 卻不能和你在一起生活。四、動詞原形+as / though+主語+動詞Object as you may, Ill go. 縱使你反對，我也要去。Try as he might, he