獅心王簡(jiǎn)介英文版

1、Richard I(8 September 1157 6 April 1199) wasKingofEnglandfrom 6 July 1189 until his death. He was the second King of England House of Plantagenet （金雀花王朝 ） He also ruled asDuke of Normandy(asRichard IV),Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord ofCyprus , etc.a Latin prose narrative of theThird Crusad

2、e, states that: He was tall, of elegant build; the colour of his hair was between red and gold; his limbs were supple and straight. He had long arms suited to wielding a sword. His long legs matched the rest of his body.He remains one of the few kings of England remembered by hisepithet, rather than

3、 regnal number（國(guó)王封號(hào)）He was known asRichard the Lionheart because of He scratched a lions heart when was trapped in a tower by Henry IVHe killed a lion at the age of 12His reputation as a great military leader and warrior.On this campaign Richard acquired the name Richard the Lionheart.From an early

4、age he showed significant political and military ability, becoming noted for hischivalryand courage as he fought to control the rebellious nobles of his own territory. By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, and fight against his father.Richard was a central Christian commander

5、during the Third Crusade（第三次十字軍東侵） , leading the campaign after the departure ofPhilip II of Franceand scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart,Saladin.When a rumour spread that Richard had ordered all Jews to be killed, the people of London attacked the Jewish populationMany Je

6、wish homes were burned down, and several Jews were forciblybaptised.52Some sought sanctuary in theTower of London, and others managed to escape. Among those killed wasJacob of Orlans, a respected Jewish scholar.Roger of Howden, in hisGesta Regis Ricardi, claimed that the rioting was started by the j

7、ealous and bigoted citizens, and that Richard punished the perpetrators, allowing a forcibly converted Jew to return to his native religion Realising that the assaults could destabilise his realm on the eve of his departure on crusade, Richard ordered the execution of those responsible for the most

8、egregious murders and persecutions, including rioters who had accidentally burned down Christian homesHe distributed a royalwritdemanding that the Jews be left alone. The edict was loosely enforced, however, and the following March there was further violence including amassacre at York.he was a bad son, a bad husband, and a bad king,