水利專業(yè)名詞(中英文對照)

1、水利專業(yè)名詞（中英）a安全儲備 safety reserve安全系數 safety factor安全性 safety岸邊溢洪道 river-bank spillway岸邊繞滲 by-pass seepage around bank slope岸墻 abutment wall岸塔式進水口 bank-tower intakeb壩的上游面坡度 upstream slpoe of dam壩的下游面 downstream face of dam壩頂 dam crest壩頂長度 crest length壩頂超高 freeboard of dam crest壩高 dam height壩頂高程 crest e

2、levation壩頂寬度 crest width壩段 monolith壩基處理 foundation treatment壩基排水 drain in dam foundation壩基滲漏 leakage of dam foundation壩肩 dam abutment壩殼 dam shell壩坡 dam slope壩坡排水 drain on slope壩體混凝土分區(qū) grade zone of concrete in dam壩體排水系統(tǒng) drainage system in dam壩型選擇 selection of dam type壩址選擇 selection of dam site壩趾 dam

3、 toe壩踵 dam heel壩軸線 dam axis本構模型 constitutive model鼻坎 bucket比尺 scale比降 gradient閉門力 closing force邊墩 side pier邊界層 boundary layer邊墻 side wall邊緣應力 boundary stress變形觀測 deformation observation變中心角變半徑拱壩 variable angle and radius arch dam標準貫入試驗擊數 number of standard penetration test冰壓力 ice pressure薄壁堰 sharp-c

4、rested weir薄拱壩 thin-arch dam不均勻沉降裂縫 differential settlement crack不平整度 irregularityc材料力學法 method of strength of materials材料性能分項系數 partial factor for property of material側槽溢洪道 side channel spillway側輪 side roller側收縮系數 coefficient of side contraction測縫計 joint meter插入式連接 insert type connection差動式鼻坎 diffe

5、rential bucket摻氣 aeration摻氣槽 aeration slot摻氣減蝕 cavitation control by aeration廠房頂溢流 spill over power house沉降 settlement 沉井基礎 sunk shaft foundation沉沙池 sediment basin沉沙建筑物 sedimentary structure沉沙條渠 sedimentary channel沉陷縫 settlement joint沉陷觀測 settlement observation襯砌的邊值問題 boundary value problem of linin

6、g襯砌計算 lining calculation襯砌自重 dead-weight of lining 承載能力 bearing capacity 承載能力極限狀態(tài) limit state of bearing capacity持住力 holding force齒墻 cut-off wall沖擊波 shock wave沖沙閘 flush sluice沖刷坑 scour hole重現期 return period抽排措施 pump drainage measure抽水蓄能電站廠房 pump-storage power house出口段 outlet section初步設計階段 preliminar

7、y design stage初參數解法 preliminary parameter solution初生空化數 incipient cavitation number初應力法 initial stress method船閘 navigation lock垂直升船機 vertical ship lift純拱法 independent arch method次要建筑物 secondary structure刺墻 key-wall粗粒土 coarse-grained soil錯縫 staggered jointd大壩安全評價 assessment of dam safety大壩安全監(jiān)控 monito

8、r of dam safety大壩老化 dam aging大頭壩 massive-head dam單層襯砌 monolayer lining單級船閘 lift lock單線船閘 single line lock擋潮閘 tide sluice擋水建筑物 retaining structure導流洞 diversion tunnel導墻 guide wall倒虹吸管 inverted siphon倒懸度 overhang等半徑拱壩 constant radius arch dam等中心角變半徑拱壩 constant angle and variable radius arch dam底流消能 en

9、ergy dissipation by hydraulic jump底緣 bottom edge地基變形 foundation deformation地基變形模量 deformation modulus of foundation地基處理 foundation treatment地下廠房 underground power house地下廠房變壓器洞transformer tunnel of underground power house地下廠房出線洞 bus-bar tunnel of underground power house地下廠房交通洞 access tunnel of under

10、ground power house地下廠房通風洞 ventilation tunnel of underground power house地下廠房尾水洞 tailwater tunnel of underground power house地下輪廓線 under outline of structure地下水 groundwater地形條件 topographical condition地形圖比例尺 scale of topographical map地應力 ground stress地震 earthquake地震烈度 earthquake intensity地質條件 geological

11、 condition墊層 cushion墊座 plinth吊耳 lift eye調度 dispatch跌坎 drop-step跌流消能 drop energy dissipation跌水 drop 迭代法 iteration method疊梁 stoplog丁壩 spur dike定向爆破堆石壩 directed blasting rockfill dam動強度 dynamic strength動水壓力 hydrodynamic pressure洞內孔板消能 energy dissipation by orifice plate in tunnel洞內漩流消能 energy dissipati

12、on with swirling flow in tunnel洞身段 tunnel body section洞室群 cavern group洞軸線 tunnel axis陡坡 steep slope渡槽 短管型進水口 intake with pressure short pipe斷層 fault堆石壩 rockfill dam對數螺旋線拱壩log spiral arch dam多級船閘 multi-stage lock多線船閘 multi-line lock多心圓拱壩 multi-centered arch dam多用途隧洞 multi-use tunnele二道壩 secondary dam

13、f發(fā)電洞 power tunnel筏道 logway反弧段 bucket反濾層 filter防沖槽 erosion control trench防洪 flood preventi，flood control防洪限制水位 restricted stage for flood prevention防浪墻 parapet防滲墻 anti-seepage wall防滲體 anti-seepage body放空底孔 unwatering bottom outlet非常溢洪道 emergency spillway非線性有限元 non-linear finite element method非溢流重力壩 n

14、onoverflow gravity dam分岔 fork分洪閘 flood diversion sluice分項系數 partial factor分項系數極限狀態(tài)設計法 limit state design method of partial factor封拱 arch closure封拱溫度 closure temperature浮筒式升船機ship lift with floats浮箱閘門 floating camel gate浮運水閘 floating sluice輔助消能工 appurtenant energy dissipationg剛體極限平衡法 rigid limit equi

15、librium method剛性支護 rigid support鋼筋混凝土襯砌 reinforced concrete lining鋼筋計 reinforcement meter鋼閘門 steel gate高邊坡 high side slope高流速泄水隧洞 discharge tunnel with high velocity工程管理 project management工程規(guī)劃 project plan工程量 quantity of work工程設計 engineering design 工程施工 engineering construction工作橋 service bridge工作閘門

16、 main gate拱壩壩肩巖體穩(wěn)定 stability of rock mass near abutment of arch dam拱壩布置 layout of arch dam拱壩上滑穩(wěn)定分析 up-sliding stability analysis of arch dam拱壩體形 shape of arch dam拱端 arch abutment拱冠 arch crown拱冠梁法 crown cantilever method拱冠梁剖面 profile of crown cantilever拱內圈 intrados拱外圈 extrados固結 consolidation固結灌漿 con

17、solidation grouting管涌 piping灌溉 irrigation規(guī)范 code，specification過壩建筑物 structures for passing dam過濾層 transition layer過渡區(qū) transition zone過木機 log conveyer過木建筑物 log pass structures過魚建筑物 fish-pass structuresh海漫 flexible涵洞 culvert河道沖刷 river bed scour荷載 load荷載組合 load combination橫縫 transverse joint橫拉閘門 horizo

18、ntal rolling /sliding gate洪水標準 flood standard虹吸溢洪道 siphon spillway厚高比 thickness to hight ratio弧形閘門 radial gate護岸工程 bank-protection works護坡 slope protection護坦 apron戽琉消能 bucke-type energy dissipation滑坡 land slip滑楔法 sliding wedge method滑雪道式溢洪道 skijump spillway環(huán)境評價 environment assessment換土墊層 cushion of

19、replaced soil回填灌漿 backfill grouting混凝土 concrete混凝土襯砌 concrete lining混凝土防滲墻concrete cutoff wall混凝土面板 concrete face slab混凝土面板堆石壩 concrete-faced rockfill dam混凝土重力壩 concrete gravity damj基本荷載組合 basic load combination基本剖面 basic profile基面排水 base level drainage激光準直發(fā) method of laser alignment極限平衡法 limit equi

20、librium method極限狀態(tài) limit state堅固系數 soundness coefficient剪切模量 shear modulus剪切應力 shear stress檢查 inspection檢修閘門 bulkhead簡單條分法 simple slices method建筑材料 construction material簡化畢肖普法 simplified bishops method漸變段 transition鍵槽 key/key-way漿砌石重力壩 cement-stone masonry gravity dam交叉建筑物 crossing structure交通橋 acce

21、ss bridge校核洪水位 water level of check floo校核流量 check flood discharge接觸沖刷 contact washing接觸流土 soil flow on contact surface節(jié)制閘 controlling sluice結構可靠度 reliability of structure結構力學法 structural mechanics method結構系數 structural coefficient截流環(huán) cutoff collar截水槽 cutoff trench進口段 inlet進口曲線 inlet curve進水喇叭口 inle

22、t bellmouth進水閘 inlet sluice浸潤面 saturated area浸潤線 saturated line經濟評價 economic assessment井式溢洪道 shaft spillway靜水壓力 hydrostatic pressure均質土壩 homogeneous earth damk開敞式溢洪道 open channel spillway開裂機理 crack mechanism勘測 exploration survey坎上水深 water depth on sill抗沖刷性 scour resistance抗凍性 frost resistance抗滑穩(wěn)定安全系

23、數 safety coefficient of stability against sliding抗剪斷公式 shear-break strength formula抗剪強度 shear strength抗裂性 crack resistance抗磨 abrasion-resistance抗侵蝕性 erosion-resistance抗震分析 analysis of earthquake resistance顆粒級配曲線 grain size distribution curve可靠度指標 reliability index可行性研究設計階段 design stage of feasibilit

24、y study空腹重力壩 hollow gravity dam空腹拱壩 hollow arch dam空化 cavitation空化數 cavitation number空蝕 cavitation damage空隙水壓力 pore water pressure控制堰 control weir枯水期 low water period庫區(qū) reservoir area寬頂堰 broad crested weir寬縫重力壩 slotted gravity dam寬高比 width to height ratio擴散段 expanding section擴散角 divergent anglel攔沙坎

25、sediment control sill攔污柵 trash rack廊道 gallery浪壓力 wave pressure棱體排水 prism drainage理論分析 theory analysis力法方程 canonical equation of force method連續(xù)式鼻坎 plain bucket聯合消能 combined energy dissipation梁式渡槽 beam-type flume量水建筑物 water-measure structure裂縫 crack臨界水力坡降 critical hydraulic gradient臨時縫 temporary joint

26、臨時性水工建筑物temporary hydraulic structure流量 discharge流速 flow velocity流態(tài) flow pattern流土 soil flow流網 flow net流向 flow direction露頂式閘門 emersed gatem馬蹄形斷面 horseshoe section脈動壓力 fluctuating pressure錨桿支護 anchor support門葉 gate flap迷宮堰 labyrinth weir面流消能 energy dissipation of surface regime模型試驗 model test摩擦公式 fri

27、ction factor formula摩擦系數 coefficient of friction 目標函數 objective functionn內部應力 internal stress內摩擦角 internal friction angle內水壓力 internal water pressure撓度觀測 deflection observation泥沙壓力 silt pressure粘性土 cohesive soil碾壓混凝土重力壩 roller compacted concrete gravity dam凝聚力 cohesion扭曲式鼻坎 distorted type bucketp排沙底

28、孔 flush bottom outlet排沙漏斗 flush funnel排沙隧洞 flush tunnel排水 drainage排水孔 drain hole排水設施 drainage facilities拋物線拱壩 parabolic arch dam噴混凝土支護shotcrete support噴錨支護 spray concrete and deadman strut漂木道 log chute平板壩 flat slab buttress dam平衡重式升船機vertical ship lift with counter weight平面閘門 plain gate平壓管 equalizin

29、g pipe坡率 slope ratio破碎帶 crush zone鋪蓋 blanketq 啟閉機 hoist啟門力 lifting force砌石拱壩 stone masonry arch dam潛壩 submerged dam潛孔式閘門 submerged gate傾斜儀 clinometer曲線形沉沙池 curved sedimentary basin渠首 canal head渠道 canal渠系建筑物 canal system structure取水建筑物 water intake structurer人工材料心墻壩earth-rock dam with manufactured ce

30、ntral core人字閘門 mitre gate任意料區(qū) miscellaneous aggregate zone溶洞 solution cavern柔度系數 flexibility coefficient褥墊式排水 horizontal blanket drainage軟弱夾層 weak intercalations三角網法 triangulation method三角形單元 triangular element三心圓拱壩 three center arch dam三軸試驗 triaxial test扇形閘門 sector gate上游 upstream設計洪水位 design flood

31、 level設計基準期 design reference period設計階段 design stage設計階段劃分 dividing of design stage設計流量 design discharge設計狀況系數 design state coefficient設計準則 design criteria伸縮縫 contraction joint滲流比降 seepage gradient滲流變形 seepage deformation滲流分析 seepage analysis滲流量 seepage discharge滲流體積力 mass force of seepage滲流系數 perme

32、ability coefficient生態(tài)環(huán)境 ecological environment生態(tài)平衡 ecological balance失效概率 probability of failure施工導流 construction diversion施工縫 construction joint施工管理 construction management施工條件 construction condition施工圖階段 construction drawing stage施工進度 construction progress實體重力壩 solid gravity dam實用剖面 practical prof

33、ile實用堰 practical weir事故閘門 emergency gate視準線法 collimation method收縮段 constringent section樞紐布置 layout of hydraulic complex輸水建筑物 water conveyance structure豎式排水 vertical drainage數值分析 numerical analysis雙層襯砌 double-layer lining雙曲拱壩 double curvature arch dam水電站地下廠房 underground power house水電站建筑物 hydroelectri

34、c station structure水墊塘 cushion basin水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞 hydraulic tunnel水環(huán)境 water environment水庫吹程 fetch水庫浸沒 reservoir submersion水庫滲漏 reservoir leakage水庫坍岸 reservoir bank caving水庫淹沒 reservoir inundation水力資源 water power resource水力劈裂 hydraulic fracture水利工程 hydraulic engineering，water project水

35、利工程設計 design of hydroproject水利工程樞紐分等 rank of hydraulic complex水利樞紐 hydraulic complex水面線 water level line水能 hydraulic energy水平位移 horizontal displacement水體污染 water pollution水土流失 water and soil loss 水位急降 instantaneous reservoir drawdown水壓力 hydraulic pressu水閘 sluice水質 water quality水資源 water resources順壩

36、longitudinal dike四邊形單元 quadrangular element塑性破壞 failure by plastic flow塑性變形 plastic deformation塑性區(qū) plastic range鎖壩 closure dike鎖定器 dog devicett型墩 t-type pier塌落拱法 roof collapse arch method塔式進水口 tower intake臺階式溢流壩面 step-type overflow face彈塑性理論 elastoplastic theory彈性基礎梁 beam on elastic foundation彈性抗力 e

37、lastic resistance彈性中心 elastic centre彈性理論 theory of elasticity特殊荷載組合 special load combination體形優(yōu)化設計 shape optimizing design挑距 jet trajectory distance挑流消能 ski-jump energy dissipation挑射角 exit angle of jet調壓室 surge tank貼坡排水 surface drainage on dam slope通航建筑物 navigation structure通氣孔 air hole土工復合材料 geosyn

38、thetic土工膜 geomembrane土工織物 geotexile土石壩 earth-rock dam土壓力 earth pressure土質材料斜墻壩 earth-rock dam with inclined soil core土質心墻壩 earth-rock dam with central soil core駝峰堰 hump weir橢圓曲線 elliptical curvewwes型剖面堰 wes curve profile weir外水壓力 external water pressure彎矩平衡 moment equilibrium圍巖 surrounding rock圍巖強度

39、strength of surrounding rock圍巖穩(wěn)定分析圍巖壓力 surrounding rock pressu帷幕灌漿 curtain grouting維修 maintenance尾水渠 tailwater canal溫度縫 temperature joint溫度計 thermometer溫度應變 temperature strain溫度應力 temperature stress溫降 temperature drop溫升 temperature rise污水處理 sewage treatment無壩取水 undamed intake無粘性土 cohesionless soil無壓泄水孔 free-flow outletx下游 downstream現場檢查 field inspection橡膠壩 rubber dam消力池 stilling basin消能防沖設計 design of energy dissipation and erosion control消能工 energ