GB14711 2006電機(jī)安全要求

1、GB 14711-2006 電機(jī)安全要求K 20National Standard of the People s Republic of ChinaGB 14711-2006Substitute for GB14711-1993Safety Requirements of Small and Medium Size Rotating ElectricalMachinesEffecIssued on August 25, 2006 tive from March 1, 2007Issued byGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision, Ins

2、pection and Quaran tine of the P. R. ChinaStandardization Administration of the Peoples Republic of ChinaContentsForeword. 6.III1 Scop2 Normative sources of standard3 Technical terms and explanation4 General requirement5 Structur6 Symbol.14127Test8Low voltage (rated voltagew 1, 000V)AC motor (in clu

3、d ing uni versa l motor)9High voltage (rated voltage1, 000V) AC moto.1310 DC moto1311 Portable and auxiliary generato12 Variable-frequency & adjustable-speed moto. 16ForewordAll the technical content of the standard is compulsory.The standard is consistent with the safety requirements in GB755-200 0

4、 Rotating Machine Rating and Performance.The standard is a substitute for GB14711-1993 General Safety Requir ements of Small and Medium Rotating Electrical Machines, with the prese nt title Safety Requirements of Small and Medium Size Rotating Electrica l Machines.The standard differs from GB14711-1

5、993 mainly in the following res pects:1. Standard was rearranged;2. The safety requirements of portable, auxiliary, and variable-frequenc y & adjustable-speedmotors were included;3. Tables related were placed at the back of this book, for easy refer ence.The standard is proposed by China Electrical

6、Equipment Industry Ass ociation.The preparation and management of standard is under the supervision of the China Rotating Electrical Machine Standardization & Technology Committee (SAC/TC 26).Shanghai Electrical Equipment Research Institute was responsible for the drafting of the standard. Other org

7、anizations that participated in the dr afting include: Beijing B.J. Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Chongqing Sailimeng Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Shandong Qilu Electric Motor Manufacturing C o., Ltd., Lanzhou Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Shanghai United Electric Moto r (Group) Corporation, Zhejiang Jinlong E

8、lectric Motor Co., Ltd., Shandon g Huali Electric Motor Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Qingjiang Electric Motor Co., LMotorBaojiTian Ztd., Kunming Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd., and Shanxi Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd.Major drafters include Ni Lixin, Chen Weihua, Jin Weiwei, Li n, Li Xiuying, Zhang Shengd

9、e, Liu Jinyan, Cai Jiagang, Zhou Qi, higang, Gao Wenan, Cui Huajian, Ye Jinwu, Feng Jinquan, Zhou Guoba o, Zhang Bin and Yue Weiping.The standard shall replace GB 14711-1993 from the effective date.GB 14711-1993 is the first edition. This standard is the first amendm ent.Safety Requirements of Small

10、 and Medium Size Rotating Electrical Machines1 ScopeThe standard specifies the safety requirements of small/medium gener al-purpose rotating electrical machines (electric motor and generator, herein after referred to as “ motor”).This standard is not applicable to astronautic motors, traction motors

11、, explosion-proof motors, hoist and metallurgical motors, shield motors. Tes ts of small power motors produced according to GB/T 5171 can also refe r to GB12350.In case other types of motors involve special requirements that are n ot covered in this standard, new standard should be developed.Normati

12、ve sources of standardsThe terms and conditions quoted from the following documents beca me the terms and conditions of this standard. Where documents are dated,their attached modification list (exclusive of corrections) or the revised e dition is not applicable to this standard. Nevertheless, the c

13、oncerned partie s are encouraged to consider the latest editions of those documents when reaching agreement based on this standard. Where documents are undated, their latest versions are applicable to this standard.GB755-2000 Rotating electrical machines Rating and performance (id t IEC 60034-1: 199

14、6)GB/T 825-1988 Eye screw (NEQ ISO 3266: 1984)GB1971 Rotating electrical machines Cable terminal symbol and sen se of rotation (GB1971-2006, 60034-8: 2002, IDT)GB/T 2423.4-1993 Electrical and electronic products environmental tes ts procedures Tests Db: temperature & humidity testing methods (eqv IE

15、 C 60068-2-30: 1980)1994)5465.2-1996 Electrical equipment diagrams and symbols (idt IE 1994)11020-1989 Flammability testing methods for solid insulation mGB/TC 60417:GB/TGB/T 4207-2003 CTI and PTI testing methods for solid insulation m aterial under humid conditions (IEC 60112: 1979, IDT)GB4706.1-19

16、98 House and similar purpose appliances safety Part on e: general requirements (eqv IEC 60335-1: 1991)GB/T 4942.1-2001 Rotating electrical machine housing protection grad ing (IP code) (idt IEC 60034-5: 1991)GB/T 5169.11-1997 Electrical and electronic products fire hazard tests Testing methods Glow

17、wire test and guidelines for the finished produc ts (idt IEC 60695-2-1/1: 1994)GB/T 5169.12-1999 Electrical and electronic products fire hazard testsTesting methods Glow wire flammability test for materials (idt IEC 60 695-2-1/2: aterial exposed to ignition source (eqv IEC 60707: 1981)GB/T 13002 Bui

18、lt-in thermal protector of rotating electrical machines Rotating electrical machines protection rules (GB/T 13002-1991, eqv IE C 34-11-1: 1978)GB/T 16422.2-1999 Testing methods of exposure to laboratory light s ources for plastics Part two: xenon-arc lamp (idt ISO 4892-2: 1994)GB/T 17948.1-2000 Rota

19、ting electrical machines insulation performanc e appraisal Random windings test procedures Thermal appraisal and gra ding (idt IEC 60034-18-21: 1992)GB/T 18380.1-2001 Burning test for cables exposed to flames Part 1: vertical burning test of single insulated wire or cable (idt IEC 603321: 1993)GB/T

20、18380.2-2001 Burning 2: vertical burning test of single (idt IEC 60332-2: 1989)GB/T 18380.3-2001 Burningtest for cables exposed to flamesinsulated thin copper-core wire ortest for cables exposed to flamesPartcablePart3: burning test of bunched wires or cables (idt IEC 60332-3: 1992)JB/T 7589-1994 Hi

21、gh-voltage electrical machines insulation thermal st ability appraisal methods (eqv IEC 60034-18-31: 1992)onrtyonrtyJB/T 8158-1999 Starting performance of single-speed, three-phase, squirrel-cage induction motors (voltagew 690V) (eqv lEC 60034-12: 1995)JB/T 10098-2000 lmpulse-voltage endurance of AC

22、 motor stator co ils (idt lEC 60034-15: 1995)lEC 60034-18-22: 2000 Rotating electrical machine insulation functi on appraisal Formed winding test procedureslnsulation compositions su bstitution and change gradinglEC 60034-18-31: 1992 Rotating electrical machine insulation functi appraisal Formed win

23、ding test procedureslnsulations thermal prope appraisal and grading for motors 50MVA and 15kVlEC 60034-18-32: 1995 Rotating electrical machine insulation functi appraisal Formed winding test procedureslnsulations electric prope appraisal and grading for motors 50MVA and 15kVTechnical terms and expla

24、nationsThe following terms and explanations are applicable to this standard. ClearanceClearance is the shortest distance between two conductive parts measured through air.Creepage distanceCreepage is the shortest path between two conductive parts measured along the surface of the insulation.Note: th

25、e seam between two insulating parts is taken as a part of th e surface.LeadLead is a wire that connects between winding coils and wiring termi nals, or between winding coils, or between winding coils and other condu ctors inside the motor. Leads can be directed into a junction box outside the motor.

26、Supply cordIt is the flexible cord that goes from inside the motor to the outside for the purpose of power supply.General requirementsThe motors covered in this standard should conform to the requireme nts of GB755-2000.The capacitor integrated with the motor is regarded as part of the m otor.Whethe

27、r at room temperatures, or thermal state, or humid conditions,motors should have adequate insulation resistance. Insulation resistance is measured and tested according to the requirements of 7.4.In normal operation, motors should not have electrical or mechanical faults that would affect safety; or

28、damaged insulation; or loose connection s; or aged flexible components and outer cover parts.StructureGeneral principlesWith the exception of waterproof motors (e.g. motors for underwater use) and those free of water accumulation inside, all motors should have appropriate dewatering measuresto preve

29、nt accumulated water inside, whic h would reduce the clearance and creepage distance between windings/nak ed charged parts and ground. The air vents on the motor can also perfor m dewatering functions. When arranging water-discharge holes, their diam eters should be no smaller than 3mm and conform t

30、o the requirements of7.6.If motor is an integral part of other equipment, the functions of mot or bedplate and outer cover (inclusive of junction box) can be performed by the equipment.As to natural air-cooling motor, if built-in overheat protector is requir ed, it should conform to GB/T 13002.With

31、the exception of open-type motors, it must be ensured that cont act with the panel or covering of naked charged parts (AC30V, DC50V) is avoided. The panel or covering may only be opened with tool or k eys.Outer coverThe materials of any component on the outer cover should be able t o endure high tem

32、peratures and mechanical stress that may occur during normal working conditions, and should not incur fire or electric shock du e to bending, creep, or deformation.Outer cover protection grading should conform to GB/T 4942.1-2001. Non-metallic structuresInsulation structures for supporting and fixin

33、g current-carrying compon ents should have good resistance to inflammation, heat, electric tracking, moisture, and adequate dielectric strength and mechanical strength.Non-metallic outer cover, windshield, and junction box should be abl e to endure humidity, grease, inflammation, and temperature var

34、iation. The y should be able to withstand the impact test as in 7.8.3, the ageing test as in 7.11, the heat deformation test as in 7.12, and the burning test as in 7.13.The patch board and non-metallic junction box should be able to end ure the temperatures no lower than that specified in Table 1.Ju

35、nction box (for motors 750V) and wiring devicesJunction box can be an independent component fixed on the exterior of motor, or serve, partially or wholly, as a part on the motor housing.Junction box should have appropriate volume in order to contain wiri ng devices, meeting the clearance and creepag

36、e distance requirements of 5.8, and be able to withstand the impulse voltage test as in 7.5.2.If made from metal, the junction box should have the thickness as s pecified in Table 2, and conform to the test requirements of 7.8.4.Non-metallic junction box should conform to 5.3.2.The fixing between ju

37、nction box and motor housing should be separa te from the fixing between junction box and its cover.The protection grade of junction box on small motor should be no le ss than IP44.If wire conduit is used, it should be:No smaller than the sizes specified in Table 3, in consistence with th e rated cu

38、rrent marked on the motor;Placed in a flat, large enough area, to meet the requirements of bush ing and locknut, unless the opening on the junction box is suitable for wi re to pass through and bushing need not be used to protect wire insulatio n.Conduit bushing and equivalent tapped hole5.5.1 Strai

39、ght pipe or Taper pipe thread seal can be used for the tapped hole of conduit, with the screwing length no smaller than 3.5 pitc hes. The number of inlet tapped-hole should be specified in product stand ard description. The inlet holes should be equipped with insulation condui t and be sealed with r

40、ubber or similar material at the factory.Supply cordIf the motor is equipped with supply cord, or for the purpose of eas y connection to other equipment, flexible cables that extend outside the b edplate (housing) are supplied along with necessary plugs, the cord and pl ugs should conform to product

41、 standard or relevant standard of the equip ment.Unless grounding is not required, there should be one earth lead amo ng the cords. The earth lead (including the terminal) should bear a differe nt color or symbol for easy distinction.The supply cord should have a rated voltage no smaller than the mo

42、t or s maximum working voltage. Its current-carrying capacity should at le ast be equal to load current multiplied by usage coefficient or full load r ated current multiplied by 125%, whichever is the greater. The insulation of cord should be able to withstand the power-frequency voltage test relat

43、ed to this circuit.Unless there are measures to eliminate the possible tensile force or t he supply cord is not exposed, insulation layer and clamps should be avai lable where the cord extends out, in order to prevent external force passi ng onto the wires inside and avoid twisting or displacement o

44、f cords.Unless there are other protective measures, it must be ensured that c ords do not withdraw into the motor.Clamps: cord clamps should be made of insulating material. If metal is present, there should be insulating lining.continuously between two support points. The material can be insulating

45、p insulating hose or other appropriate means.The models and specifications of lead should fit the working voltage motor. If instantaneous high tension may occur on any component dur normal operation, the lead should have good insulating capability towad,ofingCord clamps should be examined for reliab

46、ility and be able to withst and the tension and torsion tests as in 7.9.Cord should not be forced through the inlet opening so as to damage the insulation.The loose cables/cords in the junction box that are to be connected o n site should be no shorter than 150mm in free length.Lead wireLead wire ty

47、pes and sizesLead wire should have appropriate current-carrying capacity and lengt h. Lead wires on coils or of similar purpose should conform to the follo wing requirements:The lead wire for connecting to power supply should be no smaller t han 0.75mm2 in cross-sectional area;The lead wires inside

48、the motor, such as those which connect to inte rnal components or power supply cords or patch board, can be smaller th an 0.75mm2 but should be no smaller than 0.30mm2.Lead wire insulationAs for windings lead or brush holder lead, which is soft and cannot be positioned to ensure proper clearance, in

49、sulated conductor should be used or thermal- and moisture-resistant material should be used to wrap up ards the high tension.Lead should conform to relevant standard, with thermal withstanding grade no less than the insulation grade of the motor.Lead protectionInternal lead (wire) should be properly

50、 fixed with windings. Two or more leads (wires) of the same alignment should be bound together. It sh ould not be placed on the pointed or sharp edge of parts and stay away from movable parts.The connections of internal leads (wire) should be insulated with bus hings and tapes and properly fixed, to

51、 prevent accident due to loose bush ing or loose weld. The connections should be able to withstand the dielec tric test as specified in 7.5. Lead (wire) and wire terminal should be join ed with cold weld.Proper measures should be available to ensure wire terminals stay in their original position whe

52、n connector bolts/nuts come loose. Open connec tor and lock washer should not be the only means.When stranded- lead (wire) is connected to terminal, it should stay i n certain position, to avoid grounding or short circuit.When internal lead (wire) goes through motor bedplate, insulators or other mea

53、ns should be used to ensure insulation at the bores. Insulators s hould be smooth, without burrs or sharp edge. Lead that passesthrough t he external cooling chamber of hermetic motor should be protected with metallic cable conduit or similar pipes.Clearance and creepage distance of low voltage moto

54、rs (for requireme nts on high voltage motors, see Chapter 9 of this standard)The clearance and creepage distance as described below should be no smaller than that specified in Table 4. Otherwise, they should conform t o .5.Along the insulation material surface and through the air;Between nak

55、ed charged parts of different voltages or between differen t polarity;Between naked charged parts (including electromagnetic wire) and par ts that are grounded (or may be grounded).Itectione andWith the exception of low voltage motors, clearance and creepage dis tance should conform to relevant arti

56、cles in this standard.As far as the stationary parts (e.g. brush holder) of brushed motors a re concerned, due to carbon soot accumulated (eg. on the insulation of th e bush holder) between commutator and slip ring, the clearance and creep age distance should be greater than that specified in Table

57、4 by 50% at l east. Otherwise, appropriate spacers, rings or similar devices should be pr ovided.The requirement of 5.8.3 on increased clearance and creepage distanc e is not applicable to motors with frame size greater than H90.As to the rotor windings and centrifugal switches of wound-rotor mot or

58、s, the clearance and creepage distance may be smaller than that specifie d in Table 4, but it must be ensured that no bad consequencewould occ ur.must be ensured that wire connectors, including pressure-type conn (quick connection), do not twist or move, in order to keep clearanccreepage distance no

59、 smaller than that specified in 5.8.1. Unless cl earance and creepage distance remain unchanged when connectors deviate in a range of 30o , or the connector screws are insulated, it is not neces sary to take additional measures to prevent connector turning.Pure mica no thinner than 0.25mm can also b

60、e used.The cleara nee and cree page dista nee as sp ecified in Table 4 can be a chieved by using insulating barrier, which should be made from the follo wing materials.If n aked live p arts are within in sulat ing barrier or may con tact with t he barrier, heat- / moisture-resistant material should