選修6U4教師版

1、U4 Global Warming知識講解1、 重點詞匯和詞組1. When compared to.當(dāng)跟.比較而言原文再現(xiàn)：That probably does not seem much to you and me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.那個數(shù)值對你我來說可能是無所謂的，但是當(dāng)跟其他自然變化相比較時，它卻是一種快速的增長。句型剖析：when compared to.是狀語從句的省略，當(dāng)主從句的主語一致，從句里又含有be動詞的某種形式的時候，我們可以把從句里的主語和be動詞省略，能

2、這樣用的連接詞或短語有when,while, if , once, though, unless, as, even if等。鞏固練習(xí)： If _(give) another chance, I will do it much better. Even if _(invite) to the party, I wouldnt go.Keys: given ; invited2. There is no doubt / No doubt.毫無疑問.原文再現(xiàn)：There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and

3、that is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫無疑問，地球在變暖（見表1），并且全球變暖是人類活動所致，而不是隨意的自然現(xiàn)象。句型剖析：there is no doubt/ No doubt.為固定句式，意思為“毫無疑問”，后面接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，肯定句中有whether引導(dǎo)。請翻譯：他是否能當(dāng)選還不太確定。 _Keys:There is some doubt whether he will be elected.doubt

4、懷疑，疑慮。后常接賓語從句，在肯定句中doubt后面常接whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句；在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后面常接that引導(dǎo)的從句。請翻譯：我不懷疑他來自中國。 _Keys: I dont doubt that he comes from China.溫馨提示：There is no.和 It is no.是英語中兩個重要的句型。There is no .側(cè)重“沒有.；毫不.”；It is no.常用于use/good+動詞ing句型或.wonder that.句型中。請翻譯：毫無疑問他會成功。_難怪交通堵塞如此嚴(yán)重。_Keys: there is no doubt that h

5、e will succeed. It is no wonder that the traffic jam is so serious.3. tend 趨向，易于，照顧 原文再現(xiàn)：It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.這意味著更多的熱量被困在大氣層里，從而引起全球溫度升溫。 詞匯擴展：tendency 傾向，偏好 短語擴展： tend to do sth. 常常會做某事，傾向于做某事 tend (to) sb/sth

6、= look after sb/sth 照顧/護(hù)理 have a tendency to/ towards sth.有.的傾向 請翻譯：別人不同意她的看法時，她容易生氣。 _ 他的業(yè)余時間都花在照顧他的寵物狗上。 _ 有一種國際性合作的趨勢。 _Keys: she tends to get angry when others disagree with her. He spends his spare time tending (to) his pet dog. There is a tendency towards the world cooperation. 4. result in 導(dǎo)致

7、 原文再現(xiàn)：They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.他們也同意以下觀點：正是由于越來越多的化石燃料的燃燒導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。 短語擴展： result from 由.引起 as a result of 作為.的結(jié)果，由于 as a result 結(jié)果 請翻譯： 他的病是由于吃了變質(zhì)的食物所致。 _ 由于下雪他遲到了。 _Keys: his illness resulted from bad

8、food. He was late as a result of the snow. 5.oppose 反對 原文再現(xiàn)：On the other hand, there are those,like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.另一方面，還有一些人，像喬治漢布利，反對這種觀點，他們認(rèn)為我們不必?fù)?dān)心空氣中有高含量的二氧化碳。 短語擴展：oppose (doing) st

9、h. 反對做. oppose oneself to sth.反對某事 請翻譯：這位母親反對她女兒一個人去那兒。 _ 他強烈反對你出國。 _Keys: the mother opposed her daughters going there alone. He opposes himself to your going abroad. 溫馨提示： oppose表示采取積極行動來反對，著重動作，反對被認(rèn)為是錯誤的計劃、看法等，通常經(jīng)過深思熟慮。 object指突然的、未經(jīng)過深層思考的反對，與個人有關(guān)。名詞為objection，常見搭配為object to 6.consequence 后果，結(jié)果，影

10、響 原文再現(xiàn)：They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.他們預(yù)言說，變暖的情況不會很嚴(yán)重，對環(huán)境的影響也不會太大。 短語擴展：in consequence of / as a consequence of = as a result of 作為.的結(jié)果 in consequence/ as a consequence= as a result 結(jié)果是；因而 take the consequences 為（自己的行為、行動的）結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé) 詞匯擴展：consequent 隨之發(fā)

11、生的 consequently 所以，因而 請翻譯：由于嚴(yán)重的地震，這座城市變成了廢墟。 _ 我睡過頭了，因而上學(xué)遲到了。 _ 如果你毀壞建筑物，就必須準(zhǔn)備好承擔(dān)后果。 _Keys:the city was in ruins in consequences of/as a consequence of a severe earthquake. I overslept,and in consequence/as a consequence I was late for school. If you damage the building, you must be ready to take th

12、e consequences. 7.even if 即使 原文再現(xiàn)：Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.即使我們開始減少二氧化碳及其他溫室氣體的含量。 易混辨析：even if ,even though, although, though,as,while even if 即使，其意義在于假設(shè)某事物存在 even though 則有“盡管”之義，其意義在于已經(jīng)承認(rèn)某事物存在 although 側(cè)重于“轉(zhuǎn)折”，置于句首，意思為“雖然.但是” though側(cè)重于“轉(zhuǎn)折”，

13、位于句子前后都可以，但往往與as一樣可以構(gòu)成僅提前 表語，賓語，狀語，謂語的倒裝句式。 As僅用于表示“雖然.但是”意思的讓步狀語從句的倒裝句中 while“然而”側(cè)重于句子的對比內(nèi)容 經(jīng)典例句：He will come on time _ it rains. Young _she is , she knows a lot. He got the first prize in English contest,_his sister got nothing. Keys: even though/even if; as/though; while. 8.on behalf of 代表.一方，作為.

14、的代言人 原文再現(xiàn)：I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.我正代表學(xué)校進(jìn)行一個關(guān)于全球變暖方面的課題研究。 短語擴展：on sbs behalf.代表.一方 stand for 代表 請翻譯：我代表在座的各位祝你旅途愉快 _ 今天英語老師不能來，所以我將代表他發(fā)言。 _ Keys: On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a very happy journey. The English teacher cant be here today, so Im going

15、 to speak on his behalf. 9. circumstance環(huán)境，情況 原文再現(xiàn)：Recycle cans,bottles,plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.如果情況允許的話，回收罐頭盒，瓶子，塑料袋和報紙。 詞匯擴展：environment 環(huán)境（自然或精神的） surrounding 周圍的事物 短語擴展：under/in the circumstances 在這種情況下 under no circumstances 決不（置于句首時，句子用部分倒裝) 請翻譯：她明確表示，無論如何都不會取

16、消旅行。 _ 無論在何種情況下，種族主義都是千萬要不得的。 _ Keys: She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip. Racism is wholly unacceptable under any circumstances. 重難點重點語法 -it 用法1.It is+被強調(diào)部分+that該句型是強調(diào)句型，將被強調(diào)的放在前面，其他部分置于之后，強調(diào)的主語如果是人，可以who用來替換，如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個完整無缺的句子，這也是判斷強調(diào)句型與其他從句的方法。It was the

17、y that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.例句：It was with great joy _he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004 福建)A. because B. which C. since D. that2. It is not until +被強調(diào)的部分+ that該句型譯成漢語“直到才”，可以說是的強調(diào)形式。It was not until she took

18、 off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was _back home after the experiment. (2004 湖北)A. not until midnight did he go B. u

19、ntil midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go3. It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain) that.該句型中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，常譯為“清楚（顯然、真的、肯定）”是主語從句最常見的結(jié)構(gòu)。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.=That hes round and tall like a tr

20、ee is very clear.4. It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural) that該句型和上一句同屬一個句型。由于主句中的形容詞不同，that后的從句中要用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形）should 可以省去。建議記住該句型中的形容詞。It is important that we (should) learn English well.It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.5. It is said (reported, learned) that

21、該句型中的it 仍是形式主語，真正的主語是that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。該結(jié)構(gòu)常譯為“據(jù)說（據(jù)報道，據(jù)悉）It is said that he has come to Beijing.It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.6. It is suggested (ordered) that該句型和上一句屬一個句型。主句中的過去分詞是表示請求、建議、命令等詞時，that后的從句要用虛擬語氣 （should+動詞原形）。可以省略，常譯為“據(jù)建議；有命令”It is suggested that the me

22、eting (should) be put off.It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.7. It is a pity (a shame) that 在該句型中，that后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should+動詞原形），should可以省去，表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時，則不用虛擬語氣。It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.這種事竟然發(fā)生在你們班上，真是遺憾。It is a pity that he is ill.他

23、生病了，真遺憾！8. It is time (about time, high time) that該句型中that后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是：常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬，有時也用should+動詞原形，should 不能省。常譯為“是（正是）的時候”It is time that children should go to bed.=It is time that children went to bed.9. It is the first (second, )time that該句型應(yīng)和上一個句型區(qū)別開來。該句型中不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時態(tài)。至于用哪種完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)

24、來決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中that可以省去；it有時用this替換，常譯為“是第一（二,）次”。10. It is since該句型主要用作處理瞬間動詞的完成時，要和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。主句中是時間作表語，其時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時和完成時，引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時態(tài)，而且是瞬間動詞。如果主句是一般過去時，從句則用過去完成時。It is (has been) 5 years since his father died.It is almost five years _we saw each other last time. (2

25、005 北京) A. before B. since C. after D. When11. It is when該句型中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的it指時間，表語由具體的時間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候，是”It was 5 oclock when he came here.12. It bebefore該句型主句中的it指時間，主句中的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài)，主句中的表語多是long ,not long ,3 days, 2 weeks等表示時間段的詞和短語。常譯為“之后才”，“沒過就”It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

26、It will not be long before he finishes his job.13. It happens (seems, looks, appears) that該句型中的it 是形式主語，that 引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，主句中的happen, seem等詞是不及物動詞。It happened (so happened) that he met his teacher in the street. (碰巧)It seems that he will be back in a few days. (看來)The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope t

27、hat the two sides will work towards peace.” (2004北京) A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 14. It takes sbto do sth.該句型中的不定式是真正的主語，是形式主語，句型中的直接賓語是時間。常譯為“做要花費某人”It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.15It is no good (use) doing sth.該句型中的真正主語是動名詞短語，主句中的表語可以是 no good (not a

28、ny good), no use (not any use ).It is no good learning English without speaking English.16. It doesnt matter whether該句型中的引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語，該句型譯為“不論（是否）沒關(guān)系It doesnt matter whether they are old.17It is kind (of sb) to do sth.該句型中的不定式短語是真正主語，如果不定式的邏輯主語是由of引出，主句中的形容詞必須是能表示邏輯主語的形容詞。常見的有：bad, brave, careless, c

29、lever, cruel, foolish good (好心的),honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教養(yǎng)的),polite, rude, silly, stupid ,wise ,wrong等。這個句型可以改寫為sb.is kind to do sth.It is kind of you to stay so =You are kind to say so.18. It is necessary (for sb) to do sth該句型與上一句統(tǒng)屬一個句型。如果不定式的邏輯主語是由for 引出的，主句的形容詞通常是表示

30、重要性，緊迫性，頻繁程度，難易，安全等情況的形容詞。常見的形容詞有：Important,necessary,natural,easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,grape, impossible, pleasant.等。It is important for her to come to the party. =It is important that she (should) come to the party.19. It looks (seems) as if 該句型中it 無意義。As if 引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句

31、，常譯為：“看起來好像”如果與事實不相符合，則用虛擬語氣。It looks as if he is ill. （真的病了）It looks as if he was ill. （事實上沒有生病）It seemed as if he was dying.20. We think it important to learn a foreign language.該句型中的it作形式賓語。為了記憶方便我們可稱該句型為“7123結(jié)構(gòu)”7指主句中的常用的動詞：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel, take.1指的是形式賓語it .2指的是賓補的兩種形式：

32、形容詞和名詞3指的是真正賓語的三種形式：不定式短語，動名詞短語或that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. XiaoLi felt it important learning English well.They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.-Do you like _here?-Oh, yes .The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so

33、 nice. (2004 全國卷二)A. this B. these C. that D. it 二、單選鞏固1_that there will be another good harvest this autumn.A. He is said B. It is saidC. It says D. It was said2._ she was free on Monday morning,A. That happened B. It is happened thatC. It happened to D. It happened that3._three years since he join

34、ed the army.A. That is B. It is C. This is D. It was4. _is good _you to have taken good care of your classmates.A. This; to B. It; for C. That; it D. It; of5. What a long way _!A. it is B is it C. is that D. This is6. Does _matter if I am late for the meeting tomorrow?A. this B. it C. that D. which7

35、. _makes me sick to think of the matter.A. That B It C. This D. Which8. The parents will never forget that _ the doctor _had saved their childs life.A. It is; that B. It was; thatc. That is; when D. It was; when 9._about half past ten _we got to the station.A. It is; that B. It was; that C. That is;

36、 when D. It was; when10. We consider _our duty helping him.A. it B. that C. which D. ThatKeys: BDBDA BBBDA課堂檢測一、 單項選擇1. Ms Nancy didnt mind at all _ to the ceremony.A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited2. _ your meeting is! he offered them his sincere congrat

37、ulations.A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success3. We must remember that _fashion is not the most important thing in _ life.A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the4. It _ quite a few years _ the accused was declared innocent and set free.A. was; sinc

38、e B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before5. The professor said he could talk on _ interested the audience.A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it6. Under no circumstance _ to tell lies to parents.A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will a

39、llow D. will children allow7. Modern science and technology has _ communication between people far apart.A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to8. I heard that you really had a wonderful time at Johns birthday party, _?A. didnt I B. didnt you C. ha

40、dnt you D. will you9. The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _ to teach you the art of learning.A. as B. that C. than D. but10. No matter how frequently _ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.A. performing B. performed C. to be performed D. bei

41、ng performed11. _ their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from the government.A. Considering B. Considered C. Having been considered D. Being considered12. Tina _ have known the truth, or she would have told us.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. neednt13. There are some police cars i

42、n front. What do you suppose _?A. is the matter B. is happened C. is the wrong D. the trouble is14. _ of water makes Death Valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid.A. Lacking B. Being lack C. Because of lack D. Lack15. In recent years much more emphasis has been put_ developing the students pro

43、ductive skills.A. onto B. in C. over D. on16. A survey was carried out on the death rate of those who were infected by SARS, _were surprising.A. as results B. which results C. the results of it D. the results of which17. The organization broke no rules, but _had it acted responsibly.A. neither B. so

44、 C. either D. both18. Many workers were organized to clear away remained of the World Trade Center.A. those B. that C. what D. where19. My train arrive in New York at eight oclock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _by then.A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left20.

45、The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _his arguments in favor of the new theory.A. to be based on B. to base on C. which to base on D. on which to baseKeys: 1-10 BBBDC BABAB 11-20 ACADD DACBD2、 首字母填空1. Make your actions deliberate, not rushed and r_.2. We are making slow but s_ progress

46、.3. Several cars are available within this price r_.4. Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous c_.5. Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe p_6. They had stopped by a spring to r_ themselves.7. When you give a p_,do you usually stand in one place or move around?8. Th

47、e area has seen a rapid population g_.9. Look out! Youd better walk s_10. We have a t_to focus more on our shortcomings than our success.11. Chinese characters will e_for centuries.12. Childrens words and actions are often fairly r_13. All of these projects are e_doubtful.14. People in the remote vi

48、llage live in w_places.15. The writer and the e_have visited our school.Keys:random; steady;range; consequences; pollution; refresh; presentation; growth; steadily; tendency; exist;random;economically; widespread;educator.三、完成句子1. One _ _ _ _.(沒有空氣就不能生存）2. He is just _ _(一名普通)sort of student.3._ _ _

49、(總的來說），he made great progress in English.4. No one knows when the company _ _ _(成立）5.I cant let him go _ _ _(在我的范圍內(nèi))Keys: cant live without air; an average; On the whole; came into existence; within my range;四、完形填空 We live in a fast-paced and anxiety-filled world that oftentimes seems to shift beneath our feet. Thus we are sometimes affected by fears or anxiety impacting our life. For as long as I could remember I had struggled with anxiety. After I left university, I made friends with a Moroccan woman at work. One day she invited me to 16 her a