過去分詞作狀語+獨立主格+with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

1、Past participle1.I like reading the novels _(write ) by Zhang Ailing.2. The girl _(write) a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _(repair).4.He spoke loudly in order to make himself _(hear), but he still couldnt make us _ him. 5. I found the li

2、ttle girl _(cry) at the corner.writtenwritingrepairedheardcryinghear6. I want the doors of my new house _(paint) white.7.There was a _(surprise) look on his face when he meet the _(confuse) problem.8. He was _ at the _ news. (excite) 9. The story was so_ (move) that he was _ (move) to tears.painteds

3、urprisedexcitedmovingmovedexcitingconfusingThe glass is broken.Mary heard her name called by a stranger.1.作作定語2.作表語作表語4.作狀語作狀語3.作賓補(bǔ)作賓補(bǔ)過去分詞過去分詞 Grammar 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語1.When our future school is seen from the distance, our future school looks like a tower. our future schoolCombine the two sentencesWhe

4、n it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill，時間狀語可在過去分詞前加上連詞時間狀語可在過去分詞前加上連詞when, while, until等。等。Dont speak until you are spoken to.until spoken to.1. 時間狀語時間狀語2. Because She is surprised at the schoolbag, she turns her head back to find out what happens.Surprised at t

5、he schoolbag ,she turns her head back to find out what happens. Our future schoolbag2. 原因狀語原因狀語Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers wordsBecause he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what

6、to do.Surprised at what happened3.If I am given a time machine , I will pay a visit to the future.Given a time machine, I will pay a visit to the future. a time machine3. 條件狀語條件狀語If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Given more timeIf it is heated to a high temperature, water will c

7、hange into vapor.Heated to a high temperature4. 讓步狀語讓步狀語Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.Though warned of the stormThough having been warned of the storm Even if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.Even if invited5. 方式、伴隨狀語方式、伴隨狀語The teache

8、r entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom ,followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and was surrounded by the students.The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students.1. 1. 過去分詞作狀語表示過去分詞作狀語表示_的和的和/ /或或_的動作的動作, ,相當(dāng)一個狀語從句。相

9、當(dāng)一個狀語從句。2.2. 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時應(yīng)注意此時應(yīng)注意語態(tài)要一致。語態(tài)要一致。過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語 被動被動完成完成summary過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。_from upside, it looks like a lily which is in full bloom( (盛開）盛開）in the sea.如果句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系如果句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系, ,

10、用用_，句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，句子的主語和分詞的邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系，用用_?，F(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞過去分詞易混辨析易混辨析Seeing from upside, you will find a lily which is in full bloom(盛開）盛開）in the sea.Seen 能力提升1Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.Having been discussed many times,the problems were settled at last.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動沒太大區(qū)

11、別，強(qiáng)過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動沒太大區(qū)別，強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動作明顯先于謂語動作則用現(xiàn)在分調(diào)分詞動作明顯先于謂語動作則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。詞的完成式。_ in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. (lose)_ in red, she looks pretty. (dress)_ of the same food, he wants to try something different. (tire)【注意注意】有些過去分詞有些過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，它們往往表主動。常見的，它們往往表主動。常見的有：有：lost（迷路）；（迷路）；seated （

12、坐）；（坐）； lost / absorbed in （沉（沉溺于）；溺于）； born （出身于）；（出身于）； dressed in （穿著）；（穿著）； tired of （厭煩）（厭煩）; devoted to, buried in。LostDressedTired能力提升2過去分詞做狀語注意事項：過去分詞做狀語注意事項：被動形式表主動意義的詞需要特別注意：一類是常見的表人的情感的動詞，如excite, surprise, amuse, interest, frighten, satisfy, disappoint,._ at his son s exam results, the f

13、ather said nothing but asked him to work hard next time.Disappointed_ sweet, the flower attracted some bees. ( smell)Smelling能力提升3_ from his accent, he must come from southern China. A.Judged; B. Judging ; C.To judge D. Judge( Judging from/by 由由判斷）判斷）Provided/providing （that） 假如假如Supposing . 假設(shè)假設(shè) Ge

14、nerally speaking,To be honest, To tell the truth, 2011天津卷天津卷_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.lA. Translating B. Translated lC. To translate D. Having translated2011上海春招上海春招_ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park.

15、 lA. OpenedB. Having openedlC. OpeningD. Being opened2009天津天津 by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A.Being encouraged B.EncouragingC.Encouraged D.Having encouraged2009福建福建 not to miss the flight at15 20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A.Re

16、minding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded 過去分詞做狀語過去分詞做狀語特別注意事項特別注意事項：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞做狀語，一般它的邏輯主語是整個句子的主語，但有整個句子的主語，但有時它也可以有自己的獨立的邏輯主語，時它也可以有自己的獨立的邏輯主語，其實就是在分詞其實就是在分詞前面有名詞出現(xiàn)前面有名詞出現(xiàn)，這種情況叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格，這種情況叫獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立主格多數(shù)表伴隨。（多數(shù)表伴隨。（with結(jié)構(gòu)是典型的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）結(jié)構(gòu)是典型的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）When I was cleaning the window, my

17、finger was cut by the glass.I cleaning the window, my finger was cut by the glass.When I was cleaning the window, I saw a plane fly by. The girl stood there, her hair _ in the air. fly The thief was taken into the prison, with his hands _. tie In the darkness, she found she was followed by a strange

18、r, his eyes_ on her wallet. fix Their homework _, the boys went out to play. finishflyingtiedfixingfinished一獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念概念: 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Absolute Structure）是由名詞或）是由名詞或代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整代詞加上分詞等構(gòu)成的一種獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個句子。它有以下三個特點：個句子。它有以下三個特點：1）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它，它獨立存在。獨立存在。2）

19、名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、）名詞或代詞與后面的形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等存在分詞、不定式等存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。3）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般）獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般用逗號與主句分開用逗號與主句分開，但與主句，但與主句之間不能使用任何連接詞。之間不能使用任何連接詞。2.結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu): 名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+形容詞；形容詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+副詞；副詞；名詞名詞(代詞代詞)+不定式；不定式；名詞名詞(代詞代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。介詞短語構(gòu)成。3.作用：作用：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于描繪性文字中，其作獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主

20、要用于描繪性文字中，其作用用相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句，常用來表示時間、原因、，常用來表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等條件、行為方式或伴隨情況等 。1 名詞或代詞名詞或代詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞 主動主動進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)。 The man lay there, his hands trembling. 那個男子躺在那兒，雙手在顫抖。那個男子躺在那兒，雙手在顫抖。 注意：注意： 有時，有時，現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞being或或having been在獨立在獨立 主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。但在。但在“b

21、eing+過去分詞過去分詞”，“there being過去分詞過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，及代詞做主語結(jié)構(gòu)中，及代詞做主語 being不可省。不可省。 The weather (being) fine,we decided to go swimming. 天氣晴朗，我們決定去游泳。天氣晴朗，我們決定去游泳。 There being no cause for alarm, she went back to her room. The room being painted now, we cant go there. 2 名詞或代詞名詞或代詞過去分詞過去分詞 過去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞過去分詞表示前面的名

22、詞或代詞被動被動完成的動作。完成的動作。 All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. 各方面考慮起來，她的論文比你的論文更要有價值一些。各方面考慮起來，她的論文比你的論文更要有價值一些。3 名詞或代詞名詞或代詞不定式（短語）不定式（短語） 不定式表示不定式表示將來將來的動作。的動作。 He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. 他建議去野餐，由瑪麗負(fù)責(zé)提供食物。他建議去野餐，由瑪麗負(fù)責(zé)提供食物。 Time is pressing, tw

23、o hours to go only. 時間緊迫，只剩兩個小時了。時間緊迫，只剩兩個小時了。 4 名詞或代詞名詞或代詞形容詞（短語）形容詞（短語） 形容詞（短語）說明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。形容詞（短語）說明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。 The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while. 地面很濕，我們只好在外面呆一會兒。地面很濕，我們只好在外面呆一會兒。 His mother (being) ill, he had to stay at home to look after her.5 名詞或代詞名詞或代詞副詞副詞 副詞也多是說明前面名詞

24、或代詞的狀態(tài)。副詞也多是說明前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。 The meeting over, we all went home. 會議結(jié)束了，我們都回家了。會議結(jié)束了，我們都回家了。 7 名詞或代詞名詞或代詞介詞短語介詞短語 The teacher came in, a book in his hand. 老師進(jìn)來了，手里拿著一本書。老師進(jìn)來了，手里拿著一本書。 注意：注意：有時，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞前面的定語可以省略。有時，獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中名詞前面的定語可以省略。The boy lay silently on the grass, (his) eyes closed. A girl was walki

25、ng in the street, (a) flower in (her) hand. 二二With和和without復(fù)合復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:with/without名詞代詞分詞名詞代詞分詞不定式形容詞副詞介詞短不定式形容詞副詞介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。（）with/without名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。 I couldnt finish my work with those children _. A. playing

26、 around B. plays around C. played around D. to play around () with/without 名詞代詞名詞代詞+ 過去分詞。過去分詞。用過去用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。 In the reading room, we found her seated at a desk, with her attention _ on a book. A. fixing B. fixes C. fixed D. to fix () with/without名詞代詞不名詞代詞不定式。定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。用不定

27、式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。With a lot of difficult problems _, thenewly-elected president is having a hardtime. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled()with/without名詞代詞形容詞。名詞代詞形容詞。She sleeps with the window open.() with/without+名詞代詞副詞。名詞代詞副詞。 _ production up by 60%, the company has had another excelle

28、nt year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through() with/without+名詞代詞介詞短語。名詞代詞介詞短語。 1.He sleeps with a book in his hand. 2. A girl with a necklace around her neck got on the bus. 三三with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化（） with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從中作狀語時，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋?/p>

29、語從句或并列句。句或并列句。（）作時間狀語（）作時間狀語 With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. = When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south. （）作原因狀語（）作原因狀語 With the key lost, she could not enter the room

30、. =The key lost, she could not enter the room. =As/Because the key had been lost, she could not enter the room.(3)作條件狀語作條件狀語 With time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace. =If time permits, well visit the Summer Palace.(4)作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語 Here are the f

31、irst three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month. =Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.=Here are the first three volumes and the fourth one is coming out next month. () with和和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞后置定語修飾名詞。 Soon she arrived at a park with grass

32、 green and flowers in blossom.=Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green and whose flowers were in blossom.1._ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were2. _, we all went home happily. A. Goodbye was said B. Goodbye had been saidC. Goodbye sa

33、id D. When goodbye said 3_, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)4.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of5.The weather _ so bad, we had to put off

34、 the football match. A. was B. is C. were D. being6. _, the runners raced on to the finishing line. A. Stick in hand B. With a stick in his hand C. Sticks in hand D. Sticks in hands7. The boy lay on the ground, his eyes _ and his hands _. A. being closed; trembling B. closed; trembling C. closed; tr

35、embled D. closing; trembled 8._,the work can be done much better. A. Given more time B. We had been given more time C. More time given D. If more time had given 9.Weather _, the sports meet will be held as scheduled. A. permits B. will permit C. to permit D. permitting 10._ a rainy day, he didnt go

36、out for a walk as usual. A. It was B. It is C. It being D. Having been非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是非謂語動詞是高中語法的重點，也是難點，咱們常常對此感到頭疼。難點，咱們常常對此感到頭疼。其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種其實只要理解并掌握非謂語動詞各種形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。形式的特點，做起題來會很輕松。熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題熟悉知道了非謂語動詞形式后，做題時可分四步分析。時可分四步分析。一、一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)1. _many times, but he still couldnt underst

37、and it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it . A. Having been told B. Told C. He was told D. Though he told3. _to the left , youll find the post office .4. If you _to the left , youll find the post office .5. _to the left , and youll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D.

38、 TurnedCAACC二、二、分析邏輯主語分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。1. _no buses, we have to walk home . 2. _Sunday, I shall h

39、ave a quiet day at home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It beingAD三、分析語態(tài)三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系主動還是被動關(guān)系。1. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .2. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed BD看看獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whomB. themC. which D. who 【陷阱陷阱】容易誤選容易誤選 A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。【分析分析】最佳答案是最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因為空格后的動詞是一個獨立主格結(jié)