高中英語虛擬語氣Subjunctive語法

1、虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等懷疑等( (在條件從句中在條件從句中) )；二是表示；二是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等等 ( (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句語從句) )。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣的概念if if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句一、在在ifif條件從句中條件從句中 ( (叫虛擬條件句叫虛擬條件句) )，表示與事實(shí)相表示與事實(shí)相反的條件。反的條件。

2、虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在在ifif非真實(shí)條件句中非真實(shí)條件句中從句從句主句主句與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反if+if+主語主語+ +動(dòng)詞過去式（動(dòng)詞過去式（bebe動(dòng)動(dòng)詞用詞用werewere）主語主語+would / could / +would / could / might /should +might /should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形與過去與過去事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反if+if+主語主語+ +動(dòng)詞過去完成式動(dòng)詞過去完成式主語主語+would/could /might +would/could /might /should + have+/should + have+過去分詞過去分詞 與將來

3、與將來事實(shí)相反事實(shí)相反if+if+主語主語+ +動(dòng)詞過去式動(dòng)詞過去式 if+if+主語主語+were to+were to+動(dòng)動(dòng)原原if+if+主語主語+should+should+動(dòng)動(dòng)原原主語主語+would / could / +would / could / might /should +might /should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形虛擬語氣虛擬語氣例句例句1.if i were you, i would go at once. 假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。假如我是你的話，我會(huì)馬上走。( (與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，事實(shí)上我不可能是你) )2.if you had

4、 come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。 ( (與過去事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反) )3.if it were sunny tomorrow, i would come to see you. 明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。明天要是天氣好的話，我來看你。 ( (與將來事實(shí)可能相反與將來事實(shí)可能相反) )虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在在if非真實(shí)條件句中非真實(shí)條件句中如果虛擬語氣從句中用如果虛擬語氣從句中用 should + 動(dòng)詞原形的話，動(dòng)詞原形的話，主句也可以不

5、用虛擬語氣，表示主句也可以不用虛擬語氣，表示 防備，以防萬一等含義防備，以防萬一等含義.if it should rain tomorrow, dont wait for me. 萬一明天下雨，不要等我了萬一明天下雨，不要等我了.if tom should bleed again, call me.萬一萬一tom又流血了，又流血了， 打電話給我打電話給我.當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形當(dāng)條件從句與結(jié)果主句所表的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)當(dāng)做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整式應(yīng)當(dāng)做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整1)if you had followed my advice yesterday, you woul

6、d be better now.2)if the doctor had come sooner last night, tom would be alive now. 3)if he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would be fine now.(從句與過去相反，主句與現(xiàn)在相反從句與過去相反，主句與現(xiàn)在相反)在在if非真實(shí)條件句中非真實(shí)條件句中 混合型的虛擬語氣混合型的虛擬語氣倒裝的倒裝的if if虛擬句虛擬句如果如果if 從句中有從句中有were, should 或者或者h(yuǎn)ad ，可以可以省略省略if,而把這些詞放在主語前面構(gòu)成倒裝。而把這些詞

7、放在主語前面構(gòu)成倒裝。if you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.2. if it were sunny tomorrow, i would come to see you.3. if it should rain, i would stay at home. = had you come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. = were it sunny tomorrow, i would come to see you.= should it rain,

8、 i would stay at home.ifif條件句中虛擬語氣中的條件句中虛擬語氣中的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)如果條件句為否定句，如果條件句為否定句，not 應(yīng)該放在主語后不應(yīng)該放在主語后不能與能與were, had(助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞),和和should連寫放在句首連寫放在句首. if i were not busy, i would go with you.= were i not busy, i would go with you.含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣有些句子中，沒有表示虛擬語氣的詞，但是根據(jù)前后句意，有些句子中，沒有表示虛擬語氣的詞，但是根據(jù)前后句意，要使用虛擬語氣。要使用

9、虛擬語氣。you could have done better, but you didnt try your best.five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station. given more time, he could have done it better.i should have visited you yesterday, but i was busy.the tree died, i should have watered it.everything taken into consideration(=

10、if everything had been taken into consideration), they would have raised their output quickly.副詞如副詞如or, otherwise, ,介詞如介詞如 with, without, but for(要不是要不是)等也可以引起虛擬語氣。例如：等也可以引起虛擬語氣。例如：he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it. she wasnt feeling well. otherwise/

11、or she would not have left so early.the storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.without your help, i would have failed.but for your help, i wouldnt have finished the work. with better equipment, we could have done it better.要是有好的設(shè)備，我們本可以本可以做的更好。without your help, i couldn

12、t have succeeded.要是沒有你的幫助，我不可能不可能成功的。but for the storm, we could have arrived earlier.要不是這場暴風(fēng)雨，我們本可以本可以早點(diǎn)到的。without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.but for your help, i wouldnt have finished the work. without your help, i would have failed.but for water, it would be impossible t

13、o live in the desert.從句接should+動(dòng)原的虛擬 1) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, advice etc.引導(dǎo)的賓引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣語從句要用虛擬語氣, ,以以(should) + v原的形式現(xiàn)。原的形式現(xiàn)。 we all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first. the captain commanded that all the sailors ( should

14、) get down to work at once.2) it is/ was suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required )that 后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以 ( should )+ v原原. .的形式出現(xiàn)。的形式出現(xiàn)。e.g. its ordered that only german ( should ) be taught at schools in alsas and lorin. its reque

15、sted that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school.注意：注意：以上這些動(dòng)詞的以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式名詞形式后面的后面的表語從句表語從句和和同位語同位語從句從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以(should) + v(should) + v原原. . 的形式的形式出現(xiàn)。出現(xiàn)。 my suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here.the order came that the work (should) be

16、 finished two days ahead of time 注意注意: :當(dāng)當(dāng)suggest表示表示“暗示暗示”; ;insist表示表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)不用虛擬！時(shí)不用虛擬！his accent suggests he comes from hunan.i insist that he was wronghis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision he insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health. 3)it is/was neces

17、sary /strange/ natural/ important + that-clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬, ,即（即（shouldshould）+ +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形it is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.it is strange that she refuse to come to the party.its necessary that we should study hard.wishwish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句引導(dǎo)的虛擬句i wish i remembered the addre

18、ss.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）how i wish he had not left.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）i wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）wish + thathow i wishif onlyas if/thoughdid/were 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在had done 過去過去could / might /would do 將來將來she loves the baby as

19、if it were her own son.he speaks as if he had been to the united states. if only 要是就好了要是就好了 = i wishif only i knew his name now!if only we had followed your advice last time!if only i could see him again next year!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。if only our parents could live with us!if only i

20、 hadnt missed the train!要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了. .its (about/high) time +that -過去時(shí)should +v.你該走了。its high time that you went.its high time that you were going.its high time that you should go.我們該去睡覺了。its time that we went to bed.its time that we should go to bed. would rather that現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在/未來未來：過去：過去：i wo

21、uld rather you paid me now. i would rather you had gone, too.dont come. i would rather you came tomorrow.過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)intend, hope, want, plan, mean 等的過去完成時(shí)等的過去完成時(shí)態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)或動(dòng)詞用過去式態(tài)或過去時(shí)態(tài)或動(dòng)詞用過去式不定式用完成時(shí)不定式用完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示與過去相反的虛擬語氣態(tài)時(shí)，表示與過去相反的虛擬語氣. .he had hoped for a better job, but he didnt get it.i had mean

22、t to go on sunday but have stayed on.i intended to have helped him, but i was very busy at that time.考點(diǎn)鏈接考點(diǎn)鏈接1.fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (2006 湖北湖北) a would you be b should you be c could you be d might you be 2.-dont you think it necessary that he _t

23、o miami but to new york.-i agree. but the problem is _he has refused to.(2005,江蘇江蘇)a will not be sent; that b not be sent ; that c should not be sent; what d should not send; whatbb3.-do you mind if i open the window? -_, i feel a bit cold.(2004廣東廣東)a. of course not b. id rather you didntc . go ahea

24、d d. why not 4.he paid a seat, when he _have entered free. (2005山東山東) a. could b. would c. must d. needba虛擬語氣虛擬語氣alan _ the party if he had gone to london. a. would have missed b. had missed c. would miss d. missed2. if i had known you were coming, i _ you at the airport. a. had met b. met c. would

25、meet d. would have metmore exercisesad虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. if only i _ to my parents! but i didnt. a. listened b. had listened c. should listen d. would listen4. tom suggested that ann _ the house. a. sell b. sold c. shall sell d. would sell5. i wish this bus _ to the university. a. go b. went c. has gone d.

26、had gonebab虛擬語氣虛擬語氣6. simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. a. get b. getting c. got d. should get7. he is talking so much about america as if he _ there. a. had been b. were c. was d. beenca虛擬語氣虛擬語氣8. have you ever been to beijing? - no, but

27、i wish i _. a. have b. will c. do d. had9. i dont think it is the right time that you _. a. will go b. went c. go d. must go10. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been brokendbc虛擬虛擬1.jack fell off the ladder yesterday ,but fortunately he fell off on the soft grass. what a lucky dog! he_(本來可能傷害本來可能傷害) himself badly.2.what a pity! i missed the last concert of the year . oh