英國1979年貨物買賣法中英文對(duì)照版

1、SALE OF GOODS ACT 1979 England英國貨物買賣法1. Omitted（第一編本法所適用之合同已省略）2. Contract of sale買賣合同(1) A contract of sale of goods is a contract by which the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money consideration, called the price.買賣合同是買方提供貨幣約因或稱為價(jià)格，而賣方轉(zhuǎn)移或同意轉(zhuǎn)移貨物所有權(quán)的一種

2、合同。 (2) There may be a contract of sale between one part owner and another.買賣合同的雙方可以是財(cái)產(chǎn)的部分所有人與另一部分所有人。 (3) A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional.買賣合同分無條件買賣合同與附條件買賣合同。 (4) Where under a contract of sale the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer the contract is

3、called a sale.買賣合同中，貨物所有權(quán)從賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方，這樣的合同稱為買賣協(xié)議。 (5) Where under a contract of sale the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition later to be fulfilled the contract is called an agreement to sell.買賣合同中，如果貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生、或在以后須附有某種條件才可以完成，則這樣

4、的合同稱為出售協(xié)定。 (6) An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the conditions are fulfilled subject to which the property in the goods is to be transferred.當(dāng)規(guī)定的時(shí)間已經(jīng)消逝或附加的條件成就時(shí)，且在貨物所有權(quán)即時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的情形下，出售協(xié)定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橘I賣協(xié)議。 3. Capacity to buy and sell買賣能力(1) Capacity to buy and sell is regulated by the ge

5、neral law concerning capacity to contract and to transfer and acquire property.買賣能力以有關(guān)訂立合同的能力以及轉(zhuǎn)移或取得所有權(quán)的能力之一般規(guī)定為準(zhǔn)。 (2) Where necessaries are sold and delivered to a minor or a person who by reason of mental incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to contract, he must pay a reasonable price for them

6、.將必需品出售并交付給未成年人、智力殘疾或醉酒而不能勝任訂立合同之人，買方須支付合理的價(jià)格。 (3) In subsection (2) above necessaries means goods suitable to the condition in life of the minor or other person concerned and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and delivery.Formalities of Contract上述第（2）款中“必需品”指適用于未成年人或其他有關(guān)人員日常生活條件的貨物

7、，以及在出售及交付時(shí)上述人員實(shí)際需要的東西。 4. How contract of sale is made買賣合同如何達(dá)成(1) Subject to this and any other Act, a contract of sale may be made in writing (either with or without seal), or by word of mouth, or partly in writing and partly by word of mouth, or may be implied from the conduct of the parties.依據(jù)本法及

8、其他任何法律，買賣合同的形式可依書面形式（需不需要簽章均可），也可依口頭形式，或部分書面形式部分口頭形式，也可從當(dāng)事人的行為中推斷。 (2) Nothing in this section affects the law relating to corporations本條中的任何規(guī)定與有關(guān)法人的法律均無關(guān)系。 5. Existing or future goods現(xiàn)貨或期貨(1) The goods which form the subject of a contract of sale may be either existing goods, owned or possessed by

9、the seller, or goods to be manufactured or acquired by him after the making of the contract of sale, in this Act called future goods.成為買賣合同標(biāo)的的貨物既可以是賣方所有或持有的現(xiàn)貨，也可是買賣合同達(dá)成后賣方生產(chǎn)或取得的貨物，本法稱之為期貨。 (2) There may be a contract for the sale of goods the acquisition of which by the seller depends on a contingen

10、cy which may or may not happen.期貨買賣合同的賣方能否取得貨物，取決于特定的事件是否發(fā)生。 (3) Where by a contract of sale the seller purports to effect a present sale of future goods, the contract operates as an agreement to sell the goods.依照買賣合同，如果賣方意在實(shí)現(xiàn)期貨的當(dāng)前買賣，該合同仍按照貨物出售協(xié)定實(shí)行。 6. Goods which have perished已滅失物Where there is a c

11、ontract for the sale of specific goods, and the goods without the knowledge of the seller have perished at the time when the contract is made, the contract is void.特定物買賣合同中，如在合同訂立時(shí)賣方并不知道該貨物已經(jīng)滅失，則該合同無效。 7. Goods perishing before sale but after agreement to sell出售協(xié)定達(dá)成后、買賣協(xié)議訂立前滅失的貨物 Where there is an a

12、greement to sell specific goods and subsequently the goods, without any fault on the part of the seller or buyer perish before the risk passes to the buyer, the agreement is avoided.已有特定物出售協(xié)定，但如果特定物隨后在其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)尚未被移轉(zhuǎn)至買方之前滅失，且買賣雙方又均無過錯(cuò)的，協(xié)議無效。 The Price價(jià)格8. Ascertainment of price價(jià)格的確定(1) The price in a contr

13、act of sale may be fixed by the contract, or may be left to be fixed in a manner agreed by the contract, or may be determined by the course of dealing between the parties.買賣合同中的價(jià)格可由合同確定，也可留給合同所認(rèn)同的其他方式確定，或者還可以由雙方當(dāng)事人在交易過程中來確定。 (2) Where the price is not determined as mentioned in sub-section (1) above

14、 the buyer must pay a reasonable price.如果價(jià)格并未依上述第(1)款得到確定，則買方必須支付合理的價(jià)格。 (3) What is a reasonable price is a question of fact dependent on the circumstances of each particular case.合理價(jià)格是依特定案件中的具體情況而定的一個(gè)事實(shí)問題。 9. Agreement to sell at valuation以估價(jià)方式出售的協(xié)議(1) Where there is an agreement to sell goods on t

15、he terms that the price is to be fixed by the valuation of a third party, and he cannot or does not make the valuation, the agreement is avoided; but if the goods or any part of them have been delivered to and appropriated by the buyer he must pay a reasonable price for them.當(dāng)出售貨物的協(xié)定中約定價(jià)格依第三方估價(jià)確定，而第

16、三方不能或作不出估價(jià)時(shí)，該協(xié)議無效；但是如果全部貨物或一部分貨物已交付給買方并被買方占用時(shí)，買方必須為這些貨物支付合理的價(jià)格。 (2) Where the third party is prevented from making the valuation by the fault of the seller or buyer, the party not at fault may maintain an action for damages against the party at fault.當(dāng)?shù)谌接捎谫I方或賣方的過錯(cuò)而被阻止不能做出估價(jià)時(shí)，無過錯(cuò)方可提出訴訟向有過錯(cuò)方主張損害賠償。 C

17、onditions and warranties默示條款等10. Stipulations about time關(guān)于時(shí)間的規(guī)定(1) Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the contract, stipulations as to time of payment are not of the essence of a contract of sale.付款時(shí)間的規(guī)定不構(gòu)成買賣合同的要件，除非合同條款中表示了相反的意思。 (2) Whether any other stipulation as to time is o

18、r is not of the essence of the contract depends on the terms of the contract.（除付款時(shí)間規(guī)定外的）其它時(shí)間規(guī)定是否構(gòu)成合同的要件，取決于合同的條款。 (3) In a contract of sale “month” prima facie means calendar month.買賣合同中的“月”按表面意思為日歷中的一個(gè)月。 11. When condition to be treated as warranty條件條款被視為擔(dān)保條款(1) Subsections (2) to (4) and (7) below

19、 do not apply to Scotland and subsection (5) below applies only to Scotland.本條規(guī)定不適用于蘇格蘭。(2) Where a contract of sale is subject to a condition to be fulfilled by the seller the buyer may waive the condition, or may elect to treat the breach of the condition as a breach of warranty and not as a groun

20、d for treating the contract as repudiated.在買賣合同從屬于賣方成就某一合同條件時(shí)，買方可以放棄這一合同條件，也可決定將違反合同條件條款視為違反合同擔(dān)保條款，而不將之視為拒絕履行合同義務(wù)的理由。 (3) Whether a stipulation in a contract of sale is a condition, the breach of which may give rise to a right to treat the contract as repudiated, or a warranty, the breach of which m

21、ay give rise to a claim for damages but not a right to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated, depends in each case on the construction of the contract; and a stipulation may be a condition, although called a warranty in the contract.無論買賣合同的規(guī)定是條件條款（違之將導(dǎo)致拒絕履行合同），還是擔(dān)保條款（違之將導(dǎo)致向?qū)Ψ街鲝垞p害賠償，但

22、無權(quán)拒收貨物，并視對(duì)方拒絕履行合同義務(wù)），在具體案例中要根據(jù)對(duì)合同的解釋做出判斷是條件條款還是擔(dān)保條款；某一規(guī)定可能是條件條款，盡管它在合同中被稱作擔(dān)保條款。 (4) Where a contract of sale is not severable and the buyer has accepted the goods or part of them, the breach of a condition to be fulfilled by the seller can only be treated as a breach of warranty, and not as a ground

23、 for rejecting the goods and treating the contract as repudiated, unless there is an express or implied term of the contract to that effect.依下列35A條不可分開的買賣合同，如果買方已經(jīng)接受全部或部分貨物，賣方違反應(yīng)由其成就的條件條款只能被視為違反了擔(dān)保條款，不得將之作為拒絕貨物的理由而否認(rèn)合同有效，除非另有明示或默示的合同條款對(duì)此做出了規(guī)定。 (5) In Scotland, failure by the seller to perform any ma

24、terial part of a contract of sale is a breach of contract, which entitles the buyer either within a reasonable time after delivery to reject the goods and treat the contract as repudiated, or to retain the goods and treat the failure to perform such material part as a breach which may give rise to a

25、 claim for compensation or damages.(6) Nothing in this section affects a condition or warranty whose fulfilment is excused by law by reason of impossibility or otherwise.本條中任何規(guī)定不影響法律免除的、由于合同的履行不能或其它原因所導(dǎo)致的條件條款或擔(dān)保條款的成就不能。 12. Implied terms about title, etc. 所有權(quán)默示條款等(1) In a contract of sale, other tha

26、n one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is an implied condition on the part of the seller that in the case of a sale he has the right to sell the goods, and in the case of an agreement to sell he will have such a right at the time when the property is to pass.在買賣合同中，除下面第（3）款適用的一種合同之外，貨物交易

27、時(shí)的賣方承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)默示條款，賣方須擁有銷售貨物的權(quán)利，同樣，在出售協(xié)定中，賣方在所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)須擁有（出售貨物）這項(xiàng)權(quán)利。 (2) In a contract of sale, other than one to which subsection (3) below applies, there is also an implied warranty that-在買賣合同中，除下面第（3）款適用的一種合同之外，還包含一項(xiàng)默示條款 (a) the goods are free, and will remain free until the time when the property is to p

28、ass, from any charge or encumbrance not disclosed or known to the buyer before the contract is made, and貨物在直到所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移之前，不應(yīng)設(shè)定且一直不應(yīng)設(shè)定任何在訂約前未向買方披露或買方不知情的擔(dān)?；蜇?fù)擔(dān)。 (b) the buyer will enjoy quiet possession of the goods except so far as it may be disturbed by the owner or other person entitled to the benefit o

29、f any charge or encumbrance so disclosed or known.買方應(yīng)能安穩(wěn)地占有貨物，除非受到所有人或其他已披露或已知的任何擔(dān)保或負(fù)擔(dān)權(quán)益人妨礙。 (3) This subsection applies to a contract of sale in the case of which there appears from the contract or is to be inferred from its circumstances an intention that the seller should transfer only such title

30、 as he or a third person may have.本款適用于從合同能夠看出、或根據(jù)合同的情況可以推斷出賣方會(huì)只轉(zhuǎn)移他或第三人擁有的所有權(quán)這一意思的買賣合同。 (4) In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is an implied warranty that all charges or encumbrances known to the seller and not known to the buyer have been disclosed to the buyer before the con

31、tract is made.上述第（3）款所適用的合同中，有這樣的一項(xiàng)默示條款，即所有人知曉的而不為買方所知的全部擔(dān)?；蜇?fù)擔(dān)在合同訂立之前已經(jīng)披露給了買方。 (5) In a contract to which subsection (3) above applies there is also an implied warranty that none of the following will disturb the buyers quiet possession of the goods, namely-上述第（3）款所適用的合同中，還有這樣的一項(xiàng)默示條款，即下列三者均不會(huì)妨礙買方安穩(wěn)地

32、占有貨物，這三者是： (a) the seller賣方；(b) in a case where the parties to the contract intend that the seller should transfer only such title as a third person may have, that person合同的當(dāng)事人認(rèn)為賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)只轉(zhuǎn)移第三人應(yīng)擁有的所有權(quán)，這時(shí)的第三人。 (c) anyone claiming through or under the seller or that third person otherwise than under a char

33、ge or encumbrance disclosed or known to the buyer before the contract is made.任何通過賣方或從賣方處主張權(quán)利之人，或其他非在合同訂立之前已經(jīng)披露給了買方或?yàn)橘I方知曉的擔(dān)保或負(fù)擔(dān)之第三人。 13. Sale by description憑說明進(jìn)行的貨物買賣(1) Where there is a contract for the sale of goods by description, there is an implied condition that the goods will correspond with

34、the description.在憑說明進(jìn)行的貨物買賣中，包含有這樣一項(xiàng)默示條件即貨物應(yīng)與說明相符。 (2) If the sale is by sample as well as by description it is not sufficient that the bulk of the goods corresponds with the sample if the goods do not also correspond with the description.在既憑樣品又憑說明進(jìn)行的貨物買賣中，如果貨物和說明不相符，則整批貨物與樣品也不構(gòu)成充分相符。 (3) A sale of

35、goods is not prevented from being a sale by description by reason only that, being exposed for sale or hire, they are selected by the buyer.貨物的買賣可以是憑說明進(jìn)行的貨物買賣，因?yàn)閷?duì)于將要銷售或租賃的貨物而言，買方可以選擇以何種方式購買它們。 14. Implied terms about quality or fitness品質(zhì)及適用性默示條款(1) Except as provided by this section and section 15 b

36、elow and subject to any other enactment, there is no implied condition or warranty about the quality or fitness for any particular purpose of goods supplied under a contract of sale.除本條及以下第15條規(guī)定，以及依據(jù)其他規(guī)定外，再無其它關(guān)于品質(zhì)或適用性默示條款，以滿足本買賣合同下貨物之特殊目的。 (2) Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business

37、, there is an implied condition that the goods supplied under the contract are of merchantable quality, except that there is no such condition-賣方在商業(yè)經(jīng)營過程中出售貨物的，包含有這樣一項(xiàng)默示要件即在合同下提供的貨物須具有令人滿意的品質(zhì)。 (a) as regards defects specifically drawn to the buyers attention before the contract is made- or合同訂立前特別引起買方

38、注意的， (b) if the buyer examines the goods before the contract is made, as regards defects which that examination ought to reveal.合同訂立前買方檢驗(yàn)貨物，且檢驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)該暴露的，或 (3) Where the seller sells goods in the course of a business and the buyer, expressly or by implication, makes known-賣方在商業(yè)經(jīng)營過程中出售貨物，買方通過明示或默示方式，使下列人

39、士知曉 (a) to the seller, or賣方，或 (b) where the purchase price or part of it is payable by instalments and the goods were previously sold by a credit-broker to the seller, to that credit-broker any particular purpose for which the goods are being bought, there is an implied condition that the goods supp

40、lied under the contract are reasonably fit for that purpose, whether or not that is a purpose for which such goods are commonly supplied, except where the circumstances show that the buyer does not rely, or that it is unreasonable for him to rely, on the skill or judgement of the seller or credit-br

41、oker.貨物購買價(jià)款屬于分期付款方式、及貨物先前由信用經(jīng)紀(jì)人出售給賣方，這時(shí)的信用經(jīng)紀(jì)人。無論購買貨物是否有任何特定目的，均包含一項(xiàng)默示條款，即按照合同所供給的貨物合理地適用于這一目的的，不管其是否適合于通常提供該種貨物的目的，除非有情形表明買方并不依賴于賣方或信用經(jīng)紀(jì)人的技術(shù)或判斷，或者買方對(duì)賣方或信用經(jīng)紀(jì)人的技能或判斷產(chǎn)生依賴是不合理的。 (4) An implied condition or warranty about quality or fitness for a particular purpose may be annexed to a contract of sale by

42、 usage.關(guān)于特定目的之品質(zhì)或用性的默示條款可依慣例附加于買賣合同之中。 (5) The preceding provisions of this section apply to a sale by a person who in the course of a business is acting as agent for another as they apply to a sale by a principal in the course of a business, except where that other is not selling in the course of a

43、 business and either the buyer knows that fact or reasonable steps are taken to bring it to the notice of the buyer before the contract is made.在商業(yè)經(jīng)營過程中，代理他人所達(dá)成的買賣協(xié)議、本人所達(dá)成的買賣協(xié)議，共同適用上述規(guī)定。除非另一方不是在商業(yè)經(jīng)營過程中進(jìn)行銷售，或者在合同訂立之前，買方知道了事實(shí)，或已經(jīng)采取合理步驟提醒買方注意到了該事實(shí)。 (6) Goods of any kind are of merchantable quality with

44、in the meaning of subsection (2) above if they are as fit for the purpose or purposes for which goods of that kind are commonly bought as it is reasonable to expect having regard to any description applied to them, the price (if relevant) and all the other relevant circumstances. Sale by sample憑樣品買賣

45、合同15. Sale by sample憑樣品買賣(1) A contract of sale is a contract for sale by sample where there is an express or implied term to that effect in the contract.當(dāng)買賣合同包含與樣品相關(guān)明示或默示的條款時(shí)，它即是憑樣品買賣合同。 (2) In the case of a contract for sale by sample there is an implied condition-憑樣品買賣合同中，包含有這樣一項(xiàng)默示條款 (a) that the

46、 bulk will correspond with the sample in quality;賣方所交付的整批貨物會(huì)與樣品品質(zhì)相符。 (b) that the buyer will have a reasonable opportunity of comparing the bulk with the sample買方應(yīng)有合理的機(jī)會(huì)將整批貨物樣品進(jìn)行比較。 (c) that the goods will be free from any defect, rendering them unmerchantable, which would not be apparent on reasona

47、ble examination of the sample.貨物不應(yīng)存在使其品質(zhì)不能令人滿意的瑕疵，即在對(duì)樣品的合理檢驗(yàn)中不應(yīng)有明顯的瑕疵。 (3) In subsection (2)(c) above unmerchantable is to be construed in accordance with section 14(6) above.在英格蘭，威爾士以及北愛爾蘭，上述第(2)款默示的條款是條件條款。 Transfer of Property as between seller and buyer買賣方之間所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移 16. Goods must be ascertained貨物

48、必須確定Where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained goods no property in the goods is transferred to the buyer unless and until the goods are ascertained.依下列第20A條，貨物未經(jīng)確定的買賣合同中，貨物在直至被確定前，其所有權(quán)不轉(zhuǎn)移給買方。 17. Property passes when intended to pass意圖轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)的所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移(1) Where there is a contract for the sale

49、 of specific or ascertained goods the property in them is transferred to the buyer at such time as the parties to the contract intend it to be transferred.特定物買賣合同或是確定的貨物買賣合同中，貨物所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方的時(shí)間按合同當(dāng)事人在合同中表達(dá)的意圖確定。 (2) For the purpose of ascertaining the intention of the parties regard shall be had to the t

50、erms of the contract, the conduct of the parties and the circumstances of the case.關(guān)于合同雙方當(dāng)事人的意圖，應(yīng)該根據(jù)合同條款、合同雙方當(dāng)事人行為以及案件具體情況等確定。 18. Rules for ascertaining intention明確意圖之規(guī)則Unless a different intention appears, the following are rules for ascertaining the intention of the parties as to the time at whic

51、h the property in the goods is to pass to the buyer.除非有相反的意思出現(xiàn)，下列規(guī)則用來確定貨物所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方時(shí)雙方當(dāng)事人的意圖。 Rule 1規(guī)則1Where there is an unconditional contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state the property in the goods passes to the buyer when the contract is made, and it is immaterial whether th

52、e time of payment or the time of delivery, or both, be postponed.凡屬無條件的特定物買賣合同，如果該物已處于可交付狀態(tài)，則貨物所有權(quán)于合同訂立時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移，而不問付款日期或交付日期（或二者兼有）是否延遲。 Rule 2規(guī)則2.Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods and the seller is bound to do something to the goods for the purpose of putting them into a deliverab

53、le state, the property does not pass until the thing is done and the buyer has notice that it has been done.凡屬特定物買賣合同，如果賣方須完成某些行為才能使貨物于可交付狀態(tài)，則貨物的所有權(quán)在這些行為完成之后且買方已經(jīng)知曉的情形下才能轉(zhuǎn)移給買方。 Rule 3規(guī)則3.Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods in a deliverable state but the seller is bound to weigh,

54、 measure, test or do some other act or thing with reference to the goods for the purpose of ascertaining the price, the property does not pass until the act or thing is done and the buyer has notice that it has been done.凡屬特定物買賣合同，如果該物已處于可交付狀態(tài)，但是賣方必定要針對(duì)貨物去稱重、測量、檢驗(yàn)、或者完成其它一些涉及貨物的行為才能確定貨物價(jià)格時(shí)，貨物所有權(quán)直到這些行

55、為或事情完成之后并被買方注意到時(shí)才轉(zhuǎn)移。 Rule 4規(guī)則4.When goods are delivered to the buyer on approval or on sale or return or other similar terms the property in the goods passes to the buyer:當(dāng)貨物以試驗(yàn)買賣、余貨退回或其他類似條款將貨物交付買方時(shí)，貨物所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移至買方： (a) when he signifies his approval or acceptance to the seller or does any other act ado

56、pting the transaction;買方向賣方表明認(rèn)可或接受交易，或以其他方式確認(rèn)這項(xiàng)交易時(shí)，貨物有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方。 (b) if he does not signify his approval or acceptance to the seller but retains the goods without giving notice of rejection, then, if a time has been fixed for the return of the goods on the expiration of that time, and if no time has be

57、en fixed, on the expiration of a reasonable time.如果買方?jīng)]有向賣方表示認(rèn)可或接受該項(xiàng)貨物，但他保留了貨物并沒有發(fā)出退貨通知，如果合同規(guī)定有固定的退貨期限，且期限屆滿，或者，在合同沒有規(guī)定退貨期限，但經(jīng)過了一段合理時(shí)間。 Rule 5規(guī)則5(1) Where there is a contract for the sale of unascertained or future goods by description, and goods of that description and in a deliverable state are unc

58、onditionally appropriated to the contract, either by the seller with the assent of the buyer or by the buyer with the assent of the seller, the property in the goods then passes to the buyer; and the assent may be express or implied, and may be given either before or after the appropriation is made.凡屬貨物未經(jīng)確定的買賣合同或憑說明進(jìn)行的期貨買賣合同，如果該物已處于可交付狀態(tài)，貨物被買方無條件劃撥合同項(xiàng)下時(shí)，貨物所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移給買方，這種劃撥行為可以由賣方征得買方同意完成，也可以由買方征得賣方同意完成。同意可以是明示的