外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯基于注射成型機(jī)性能基礎(chǔ)上的模型演變和再利用技術(shù)

1、基于注射成型機(jī)性能基礎(chǔ)上的模型演變和再利用技術(shù)1.導(dǎo)論注塑機(jī)的性能技術(shù)在配置設(shè)計(jì)中占有重要地位，以滿足客戶對性能的要求，這是一個突出的產(chǎn)品模型的演變和再利用技術(shù)。性能技術(shù)的研究主要關(guān)注于產(chǎn)品的配置建模，這決定了產(chǎn)品的性能和質(zhì)量，性能技術(shù)的表達(dá)有助于產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、產(chǎn)品模型的演變和注塑機(jī)性能技術(shù)的重用。性能技術(shù)可以驅(qū)動的產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)過程。事實(shí)上，注塑機(jī)生產(chǎn)模式本身的發(fā)展動態(tài)和設(shè)計(jì)知識應(yīng)該重復(fù)使用。作為一種以性能技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)活動，產(chǎn)品模型的演變和再利用技術(shù)最近吸引了大量研究和產(chǎn)業(yè)的興趣。troxlor介紹了產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)管理的有關(guān)知識，在知識獲取、建模、檢索和出版這幾個方面作了研究。pan研究了以知識和知識

2、模型的展示為基礎(chǔ)的產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)。tan介紹了多種方式來表達(dá)大規(guī)模定制模式的知識配置。waterson證實(shí)了以知識基礎(chǔ)為系統(tǒng)的本體論承諾。在現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方法中，就必定有一些產(chǎn)品型號和性能演變的歷史知識的管理和維修問題。否則，舊的知識、完成了性能的產(chǎn)品應(yīng)加以更新和完善，因?yàn)楣δ茉诟倪M(jìn)、顧客的要求在改變等等。也就是說，性能技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果應(yīng)是基于當(dāng)前產(chǎn)品模型的改進(jìn)和修改，使之成為一個新的注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品，以滿足新的設(shè)計(jì)要求。與原來的產(chǎn)品相比，新的注塑機(jī)必須有類似的結(jié)構(gòu)、協(xié)調(diào)能力或強(qiáng)大的功能。在注塑機(jī)的產(chǎn)品型號不斷演變過程中，注塑機(jī)的性能得到不斷地完善和豐富。現(xiàn)在，在多出口的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境下，制造業(yè)面臨著巨

3、大的挑戰(zhàn)。注塑機(jī)生產(chǎn)模式的動態(tài)演變、更新和改進(jìn)業(yè)績方面，需要對注塑機(jī)的產(chǎn)品、模型及性能技術(shù)重用技術(shù)進(jìn)行一步研究。2. 產(chǎn)品模型動態(tài)演化的驅(qū)動因素2.1注射成型機(jī)產(chǎn)品的動態(tài)模型注塑機(jī)配置設(shè)置過程中的各個方面決定了它是一個動態(tài)的過程。它的動態(tài)主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：（1）注射機(jī)的各組件是動態(tài)的根據(jù)注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品模型的演變,一些新的部件將被添加到設(shè)備中,舊元件都將被刪除掉以完善和更新產(chǎn)品。（2）注射機(jī)部件的組成元件是動態(tài)的產(chǎn)品模型中的一些部件將重塑材料、色彩等特點(diǎn),以提高產(chǎn)品模型的整體外觀。（3）注射機(jī)產(chǎn)品型號的銷售動態(tài)因?yàn)樵O(shè)計(jì)要求改變，該產(chǎn)品型號在某些設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境中將轉(zhuǎn)化為其他模式。（4）整個注射機(jī)是動態(tài)

4、的在產(chǎn)品完全設(shè)計(jì)的生命周期里，注射機(jī)的一個或兩個部件將被更新或維持。（5）客戶對注塑機(jī)的個別需求是動態(tài)的同一客戶或不同客戶的需求在不同時間或不同的環(huán)境將發(fā)生變化。2.2注塑機(jī)演變的驅(qū)動因素注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品模型的演變原因是功能的改進(jìn)、性能的提升、設(shè)計(jì)要求的改變等等。它明確顯示在以下三個方面，如圖2-1所示。圖2-1注塑機(jī)演變的驅(qū)動因素（1）注射機(jī)部件產(chǎn)品模型的改變通過改變元件可以獲得新功能，組成元件中的各部分將被更新和取代。產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)將符合復(fù)雜的組成部分或分支部分。（2）注射機(jī)性能的完善和更新如果是有保證的一個組成部分，限制條件的其他可選組件將會改變，因?yàn)樾阅軐⒋_定其規(guī)則和限制。（3）其他方面安全和環(huán)境

5、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在不同的國家是不同的，個別的需求和規(guī)則的可變驅(qū)動著注塑機(jī)的演變。3.性能技術(shù)推動著產(chǎn)品模型的演變3.1性能的傳遞和變化注射機(jī)的性能技術(shù)主要有兩種，一種是文件技術(shù)（dk），另一種是部件技術(shù)（pk）。dk是視覺表達(dá)和注射機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的公共承載者。pk是注射機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)和層次信息的承擔(dān)者（不包含dk）。為了詳細(xì)地記錄注射機(jī)的性能信息，并提供設(shè)備以更新、維護(hù)和重新利用產(chǎn)品，以及上層傳遞規(guī)則通過在注塑機(jī)上的配置設(shè)計(jì)。當(dāng)下層結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)演變時，上層性能技術(shù)也將演變，這是因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)和功能發(fā)生變化。例如，如圖3-1所示，ck是上層性能技術(shù)，它由ck1和ck2兩個下層性能技術(shù)組成。當(dāng)ck1從v1演變到v2時，將從v1演變

6、到v3。圖3-1性能技術(shù)的上層傳遞規(guī)則注射機(jī)性能有兩種方式的變化，一種是對前性能技術(shù)修改，性能技術(shù)的基本特點(diǎn)（如功能，結(jié)構(gòu)，單元，外部接口等）沒有變化，一些性能技術(shù)的定義只能多種多樣。另一個是性能技術(shù)的版轉(zhuǎn)化，性能技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)本身可以不同，這是一種激進(jìn)的方式。在注射機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中，這是一種增強(qiáng)功能、提高性能的重要方法。3.2注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品模型的演變根據(jù)注塑機(jī)的性能技術(shù)，注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品模型的演變可分為三個層次，如圖3-2所示。圖3-2注塑機(jī)的產(chǎn)品模型層次的演變第一個層次是注塑機(jī)性能技術(shù)的描述層，它可以保持在一定程度上。第二個層次記錄前演化模型和在第一級基礎(chǔ)上的產(chǎn)品配置的歷史資料。第三個層次是一個完美的設(shè)計(jì)

7、環(huán)境，包含了注射機(jī)性能技術(shù)的傳遞和演變。兩個工具之間的差異可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的，并且產(chǎn)品可以在任何時候得到改善。獲得一個有條理、容易理解的方法來描述產(chǎn)品，是我們要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。目前，產(chǎn)品型號演變的研究主要集中在第一級，沒有考慮到產(chǎn)品型號的傳遞和變化。最新的產(chǎn)品模式將被隨時采用，忽略了這些部件的性能技術(shù)。因?yàn)榉N種原因，在注塑機(jī)的實(shí)際配置設(shè)計(jì)，產(chǎn)品模型的傳遞和變化推動著產(chǎn)品模型的演變。在產(chǎn)品性能的傳遞和變化過程中，產(chǎn)品模型也得到了演變。這是上層的演變，也是一種注塑機(jī)演化模式，可以有效地記錄產(chǎn)品型號和性能技術(shù)的演變過程，如圖3-3所示。第四部分p4由v1演變到v2，導(dǎo)致元件c1從v1演變到v2，產(chǎn)品模型pm同樣

8、從v0演變到v1。當(dāng)性能技術(shù)演變時，產(chǎn)品型號可以使用最新的性能技術(shù)以實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品模型的演變。圖3-3 產(chǎn)品模型的演變4注塑機(jī)性能技術(shù)的重復(fù)利用4.1性能技術(shù)重復(fù)利用的定義配置設(shè)計(jì)的反復(fù)利用可以被定義為“以前產(chǎn)品為例，客戶的要求和新的產(chǎn)品型號能獲得新的注塑機(jī)可滿足客戶的要求?！弊⑺軝C(jī)的模型概念如下所示：inputs：r：注塑機(jī)的實(shí)例結(jié)果remd：注塑機(jī)模型性能技術(shù)反復(fù)利用f(r,r r)：限制功能outputs：rr：注塑機(jī)性能技術(shù)的反復(fù)利用r1, r2 rn：運(yùn)行一系列工具的性能技術(shù)反復(fù)利用and：rr md；rr remd；rr = (rl，r2 rn)r；rr是最優(yōu)化“”的意思是滿足。f(r,

9、 rr) 的構(gòu)造及其應(yīng)用涉及到實(shí)際應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。前者的知識應(yīng)該像自己最好的的能力一樣修改的越少越好，并且應(yīng)采用低成本項(xiàng)目。4.2性能技術(shù)重復(fù)利用的算法實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)注塑機(jī)的性能技術(shù)的反復(fù)利用應(yīng)是第三層次產(chǎn)品模型的演變。各種各樣的信息是前提,這些信息應(yīng)該是建立在第一和第二層次之上。該產(chǎn)品模型是在時間t1的pm1，有一種是根據(jù)客戶的要求cr1的設(shè)計(jì)rr1。產(chǎn)品模型在時間t2變成了pm2，并且顧客的要求變成了cr2。算法的主要思想如下，如圖4-1所示。圖4-1重新利用算法的主要思想第一步：客戶的新要求(cr2)應(yīng)該被證實(shí),當(dāng)前一體化產(chǎn)品模型（pm2)應(yīng)得到保證；第二步：設(shè)定一個新的采用一體化產(chǎn)品模型（pm2）

10、的虛擬設(shè)計(jì)(vdp2)和新客戶的要求（cr2）。第三步：在vdp2中逐個檢查每一部分，每個部分的操作如下：如果這個部分在vdp2中，而不在p1中，將其添加到p1中；如果這個部分不在vdp2中，而在p1中，將其p1中刪除；如果這個部分既在vdp2中又在p1中，而結(jié)構(gòu)又不同，將這個部分用p1代替；如果在vdp2中有未檢測到的部分，返回到第一步；第四步：配置設(shè)計(jì)重新利用的結(jié)果是p2=p1；第五步：結(jié)束。5實(shí)例以ht1800x1n系列注塑機(jī)為例, 闡釋了注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品模型和性能演化的重復(fù)利用。使用以上這種模型演變和復(fù)用技術(shù), 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)是基于產(chǎn)品性能而設(shè)計(jì)的。圖5-1展示了ht1800x1

11、n系列注塑機(jī)模型演變的過程。圖5-1ht1800x1n系列注塑機(jī)模型演變的過程6結(jié)論產(chǎn)品模型演變和性能技術(shù)的重復(fù)利用是注塑機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)必不可少的組成部分。隨著注塑機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的采用，關(guān)于性能技術(shù)重復(fù)利用方面的研究變的越來越重要。首先，分析了注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品模型的動態(tài)。其次，注塑機(jī)產(chǎn)品模型的演變被分成了三個層次。實(shí)現(xiàn)性能技術(shù)有了實(shí)際有效地算法。最后，以ht1800x1n系列注塑機(jī)為例闡述了算法的正確性和可行性。model evolvement and reuse technology of injection molding machine based on performance knowledge1int

12、roductionperformance knowledge occupies an important place in the configuration design of injection molding machines to meet the clients performance requirements. and it is one of highlights of product model evolvement and reuse technology. the research of performance knowledge mainly fuscous on pro

13、duct configuration modeling which decides the product functions and quality, performance knowledge expression which helps the product design, product model evolvement and performance knowledge reuse of injection molding machines.performance knowledge can drive the product design process. in point of

14、 fact, injection molding machines product model itself evolves dynamically and the design knowledge should be reused. as a performance knowledge-based design activity, product model evolvement and reuse technology has recently attracted a lot of research and industrial interest. troxlor presented th

15、e management of product design knowledge. the knowledge acquirement, model, retrieve and publishment were studied. pan researched on product innovative design technology based on knowledge and presented the knowledge model. tan introduced the multiple ways to express the configuration knowledge in m

16、ass customization model. waterson verified the ontological commitment in knowledge-based system. in modern product design methods, there must be some management and maintenance problems of product model evolvement and performance knowledge history. otherwise, the old performance knowledge of complet

17、ed product should be updated and consummated because of the function improvement, the customer requirement change and so on. that is, the performance knowledge and design result should be improved and modified based on current product model to make it to be a new injection molding machine product wh

18、ich meets the new design requirements. compared with the original product, the new injection molding machine must have similar structure and coordinate or enhanced functions concurrently. performance knowledge are consummated and enriched during the evolvement process of injection molding machines p

19、roduct model ceaselessly.now, there are formidable challenges among the manufacturing enterprises in the multi-outlet market economy environment. to make injection machines meet the customers individual requirements, the research on product model evolvement technology becomes more and more important

20、. the dynamic evolvement of injection molding machines product model and the updating and improvement of performance knowledge demand the further research on injection molding machines product. model and performance knowledge reuse technology 2. product model dynamics and evolvement driven factors 2

21、.1 product model dynamics of injection molding machines every aspect of the process of injection molding machine configuration design determines that it is a dynamic processits dynamics mainly appear as the following aspects： (1) component sets of injection molding machines are dynamic with the evol

22、vement of injection molding machines product model, some new components would be added into the sets，and some old components which were eliminated would be deleted from the sets to perfect or update the completed products (2) parts of injection molding machines components are dynamic.some parts in t

23、he product model would remodel their materials, colors and such characters to improve the product model integral performance.(3) product models of injection molding machine sale dynamic the product models in some design environment would transform into other models because of design requirements cha

24、nging (4) completed injection molding machines are dynamic. in the life-cycle of completely designed products, one or two parts of the injection molding machines would be updated or maintained (5) customers individual requirements of injection molding machines are dynamic the same customer or differ

25、ent customers requirements would be changed in different time or different environment.2.2 evolvement driven factors of injection molding machinesthe evolvement causations of injection molding machinesproduct model are function improvement，performance elevation，design requirements changing and so on

26、it specifically appears as the following three aspects, as shown in fig.2-1fig.2-1 evolvement driven factors of injection molding machines(1) changing of components in the injection molding machinesproduct models new function could be obtained by modifying the componentsparts in the components would

27、 be updated and replacedproduct structure would be conformed by components compounding or decomposing. (2) perfecting and updating of the injection molding machine performance knowledge if one component is assured, the restriction conditions of other optional components would be changed because the

28、performance knowledge would define the rules and restricts (3) other aspects security and environmental standards are varient in different countriesindividual requirements and variable rules could drive the evolvement of injection molding machines 3. product model evolvement driven by performance kn

29、owledge3.1 passing and variance of performance knowledgethere are mainly two kinds of injection molding machines performance knowledgeone is document knowledge (dk). another is part knowledge (pk) dk is the visual expression and common carrier of injection molding machinesdesign datapk is the carrie

30、r of injection molding machines structure and layer information which isnt contained by dk.to record performance knowledge information in detail and afford facility for products updating， maintenance and reuse，upper-layer passing rules are adopted in the injection molding machines configuration desi

31、gn upper layer performance knowledge would be evolved when the lower layer configuration has evolved because of the structure and function changing. for example, in fig.3-1，ck is the upper layer performance knowledgeit comprises ck1 and ck2 which are lower layer performance knowledgewhen ck1 evolves

32、 from v1 to v2, ck would evolve from v1 to v3.fig.3-1 performance knowledges upper-layer passing rulethere are two modes of injection molding machines performance knowledge varianceone is the modification of former performance knowledgethe basic properties (such as function，structure，unit，exterior i

33、nterface and so on) of performance knowledge itself dont vary some property definitions of performance knowledge could be varied onlyanother is the transformation of performance knowledge versionthe properties of performance knowledge itself could be variedit is one kind of the radical modeand it is

34、 the important approach to improve functions and extend performance knowledge in the injection molding machinesconfiguration design3.2 product model evolvement of the injection molding machineproduct model evolvement of the injection molding machine can be divided into three levels due to the inject

35、ion molding machine performance knowledge，as shown in fig.3-2fig.3-2 levels of injection molding machines product model evolvementthe first level is the description layer of injection molding machines performance knowledgeit could be maintained to a certain extent the second level records models and

36、 former evolvement the product configuration history information based on the first levelthe third level is a perfect design environment which contains the passing and variance of injection molding machines performance knowledgethe differences between two tools could be realizedand the products coul

37、d be improved in any time.a structured and understandable method of describing product model evolvement is one of goals which we want to achieveat present, the research on the product model evolvement mainly focuses on the first levelthe passing and variance information of product model would not be

38、 consideredthe newest product model would be used all the timethese parts of performance knowledge are neglectedin the practical injection molding machines configuration design, the passing and variance information of product model drive the product model to evolve directly because of all kinds of c

39、ausations. in the process of product performance knowledge passing and variance，the product model could be evolvedand it is the upper layer evolvement also is kind of injection molding machines evolvement mode could record the process of product model and performance knowledge evolvement effectively

40、 and particularly，and it is shown in fig.3-3the part p4 evolving from v1 to v2 causes the component c1 to evolve from v1 to v2and the product model pm evolves from v0 to v1 alsowhen the performance knowledge evolves，product model could use the newest performance knowledge to realize the product mode

41、l evolvementfig.3-3 evolvement of product model4. reuse of injection molding machines performance knowledge4.1 definition of performance knowledge reusethe reuse of configuration design can be defined as “giving a former product instance, a customers requirements set and a new product model to obtai

42、n a new injection molding machines instance which could meet the customers requirements set.”a concept model of injection molding machine is shown as follows:inputs:r: injection molding machines instance results;md: injection molding machines requirement model;remd: reuse model of injection molding

43、machines performance knowledge;f(r,r r): restriction functions.outputs:rr: result of injection molding machines performance knowledge reuse;r1, r2 rn: operation series of tools performance knowledge reuse.an d： rr md；rr remd；rr = (rl，r2 rn)r; rr is the most optimized.“ ” means satisfaction. the conf

44、ormation and application of f (r, rr) are related to practical application domain. the former knowledge should be modified as little as the best of ones abilities. and the lower cost project should be adopted.4.2 realization arithmetic of performance knowledge reuserealizing the injection molding ma

45、chines performance knowledge reuse falls into the third level of the product model evolvement. the preconditions are all kinds of information which should be established in the first and second level. the product model is pm1 in the time t1. there is a design rr1 according to the customers requireme

46、nts cr1. the product model becomes pm2 in the time t2. and the customers requirements are cr2.the main thought of reuse arithmetic is described as follows, and is shown in fig.4-1.fig.4-1 main thought of reuse arithmeticstep 1: the customers new requirements (cr2) should be confirmed at present, and the conformable product model (pm2) should be ensured also;step 2: configure a new virtual design product (vdp2) using the conformable product model (pm2) and new customers requirements (cr2);step 3: check parts in the vdp2 one by one. operations on each part are as follows;if the part exists in v