七八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)及相應(yīng)練習(xí)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)在七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了種時(shí)態(tài)， 即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)。今天我們就將這種時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行對(duì)比學(xué)習(xí)。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義 ：表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常存在的狀態(tài)或者習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作（有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事情）的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài)。具體用法1.表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。（ always, usually, often,sometimes, every day morning night eveningafternoonweek, ）e.g. I go to school at 8:00 every morning.2.表示主語(yǔ)具備

2、的性格、能力、特征和狀態(tài)及喜好等。e.gSheis 11 years old .I don tlikeEnglish.She can speak English well.3.表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。e.gThe earth moves around the sun.基本結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成:含有 be（ am、 is 、 are）動(dòng)詞的用法結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句 ： I am+ 其它You they we are + 其它She he it+is + 其它否定句 ： I am not+ 其它。You they we are not + 其它She he it+is +not + 其它一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：?jiǎn)螖?shù)： Ar

3、e you + 其它？肯定回答：Yes, I am.否定回答：No, I am not.Is she he it+ 其它？肯定回答: Yes,she he it is.否定回答:No,she he it is not.復(fù)數(shù)：Are you they you+其它？肯定回答 : Yes,we they are.否定回答： No, we they are not.從上面結(jié)構(gòu)中你能總結(jié)出be 動(dòng)詞的用法嗎？單數(shù)_ ，復(fù)數(shù) _，你用 _ ，_-連著她他它。；我用含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)（ I, we, you,they, ） +動(dòng)詞原形 +其它。否定句：主語(yǔ)（ I, we, you, they

4、） +don t+動(dòng)原 +其它。一般疑問(wèn)句 ：Do + 主語(yǔ)（ you ,they ） +動(dòng)原 +其它？肯定回答 ; Yes,主語(yǔ)（I, we,you,they ）+do.否定回答 : No, 主語(yǔ)（ I ,we, you, they ） +dont.e.g. They get up at 6:00 every day.你能幫它改個(gè)造型嗎？否定句： _一般疑問(wèn)句 _同志們回憶一下還有什么特殊情況我們還沒(méi)講到。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)肯定句主語(yǔ) (she, he ,it) + 動(dòng)詞三單否定句主語(yǔ) (she, he ,it)+doesnt+Does +其它She plays chess well.動(dòng)

5、詞原形 +其它。She doesntplay chess well.+Does she play chess well?肯定回答否定回答Yes,No,主語(yǔ) +dose 主語(yǔ) +doesntYes, she does.No,she doesnt特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句？What does she play well?e.g. Mr. Yang teaches us math.否定句： _一般疑問(wèn)句：_肯定回答 _動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：1、一般情況加S,e.glike-likesswim-swims2、以s, x, sh, ch,及o結(jié)尾的詞加es .e.g.watch watche

6、s3、以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的詞，要變y 為 I 再加 es.E.g.study-studies.一、句型變變變。這些句子要求“變臉 ”，你能滿足它們嗎？1. Jeff has lunch at school.（改為一般疑問(wèn)句）Jefflunch at school?2. They have an English class every day. （改為否定句） They_ _an English class every day.3 I am your English teacher.( 改為一般疑問(wèn)句 )_ you our English teacher.4.Jim does his home

7、work every day.( 改為否定句 )Jim _.二、 .單詞 “化妝會(huì) ”。小小單詞就要登臺(tái)演出了，你能幫助化妝嗎？1. He doesn t play sports, he only wthem on TV.2. .Tom _ （有） some English books.3.The boy _ (not have) breakfast.4.Does your father _ （ like ） sports?二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義 ：用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作和用來(lái)表示當(dāng)前的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作。be,like,want,know ,think,have 等，

8、不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)【注意】一些表示狀態(tài)和意愿的動(dòng)詞，如行時(shí)態(tài)中。如， I want to go home now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成" be+v-ing " 構(gòu)成。 be 并不是助動(dòng)詞，而是am is are 這三個(gè) be現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由動(dòng)詞。初學(xué)者最容易漏掉，它應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。所以你們一定記好了，進(jìn)行時(shí)的兩重要部分，be 動(dòng)詞和 v-ing這兩者缺一不可。（be 動(dòng)詞的選擇相見(jiàn)前面be 動(dòng)詞的用法）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用以下幾種情況：(1) 當(dāng)句子中有 now 時(shí)，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：They are playing bas

9、ketball now. 現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。(2) 以 look, listen 開(kāi)頭的句子，提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Listen ！ She is singingan Englishsong. 聽(tīng)，她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。(3) 表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且此時(shí)有 this week, these days 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Weare practicingspokenEnglishthese days. 這些天我們?cè)诰毩?xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。(4) 描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作，也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：Look at the picture.

10、 The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖，那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句式：主語(yǔ) +be(am, is,are)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞+其它 . She isplayingchess now.否定句式：主語(yǔ) +be(am,is,are) +not+ 現(xiàn)在分詞+其它 . She isnotplayingchess now.一般疑問(wèn)句： Be(am,is,are) + 主語(yǔ) +現(xiàn)在分詞+ 其它？ Is she playingchess now?肯定回答： Yes, 主語(yǔ) +be.否定回答：No, 主語(yǔ) +benot特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be

11、(am, is, are)+主語(yǔ) + 現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:1 直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing, 如 play-playingwork-working2 以不發(fā)音字母e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e 再加 -ing, 如 have-havingwrite-writing3 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫這個(gè)字母，再加 -ing 。如， begin-beginningsit-sitting4 特殊變化：lie-lying，接下來(lái)檢驗(yàn)一下大家學(xué)習(xí)成果一、（寫出動(dòng)詞的ing 形式）Forexample:do doing1. clean_ 2. work_ 3. watch_4

12、go_ 5. play_6 st udy_7. take_8.have_9.dance_10.get_11.run_12.swim_13.sit_14.shop_15.stop_二、 .“火眼金睛”。你能排除干擾，從下面的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，找出一個(gè)正確的答案嗎( )1.Sheis_asweatertoday.A.puttingonB. putsonC.wearingD.wears()2.I _togohomenow.A.wantB.wantsC.to wantD.amwanting()3.The boyisn t _theteacher.A.listenB.listeningC.listenning

13、to D.listeningto()4.Listen!She_intheclassroom.A.singB. singsC. singingD.issinging()5.Myparentsoften_ TV inthe evening.A. watchB. seeC. lookD. look at（ ）6.- Wheres Jennifer?-Hein the riverA.swimsB.is swimmingC.waiting forD.swimming三 一般過(guò)去時(shí)定義 ：一般過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（ twohours,one y

14、ear ）ago,yesterday,the daybeforeyesterday,last(week,year,night,month ),具體時(shí)間, justnow,atthe age of ,one day,long ago,onceupona time( 很久以前),etc.動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化如下：（ 1）一般情況下，動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed如： workedplayedwantedacted（ 2）以不發(fā)音的 -e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞詞尾加d如： lived moved hoped（ 3）以輔音字母+ y 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把-y 變?yōu)?-i 再加 -ed如：studiedtriedcr

15、ied（ 4）以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，雙寫詞尾輔音字母，再加ed如：stoppedshoppedplanned常見(jiàn)的不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：go-went do-did is-was are-were have/has-had buy-bought meet-met say-said fly-flew come-came know-knew read-read write-wrote spend-spent swim-swam become-became run-ran begin-began find-found take-took teach-taught tell-told st

16、and-stood put-put feel-felt make-made see-saw grow-grew get-got sit-sat catch-caught bring-brought基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)1) 含實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它She playedchess lastnight.否定句主語(yǔ) + didn t +動(dòng)詞原形+其它She didn t playchess lastningt.一般疑問(wèn)句Did+主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形+其它Didshe playchess lastnight?肯定回答Yes, 主語(yǔ) +did.Yes,she did.否定回答No, 主

17、語(yǔ) +didn t.No,shedidn t.特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句Whatdidshe do lastnight?2） be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句主語(yǔ) +was were+ 其它She was 11 years old last year.否定句主語(yǔ) +was were+not+ 其它She was not 11years old last year.一般疑問(wèn)句WasWere +主語(yǔ) + 其它？Was she 11years years old last year?肯定回答Yes ,主語(yǔ) +waswere.Yes,she was.否定回答No, 主語(yǔ) +was were +not

18、No, she was not.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1 My mother has a busy weekend every week (用 last week 改寫 )My mother _ a busy weekend last week 2 He studied for the math test yesterday (對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn) )_ _ he _ yesterday?3 My weekend was very great (對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn) )_ _ your weekend?4 He reads a book about history every day (用 last year 改寫句子

19、 )He _ a book about history last year 1.I will tell him as soon as he _ backA. comeB. comesC. will comeD. came2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them.A. tries buys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often _ cold when she _.A. cathcs dances B. catches dances C. catchs dancees Dncee.catch

20、es da4. _ he _ himself there? No, I don't think so.A. Do enjoyB. Does enjoiesC. Does enjoys D. Does enjoy5. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly.A. Do hearB. Does hear C. Do receiveD. receive6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays?A. Does does B. Do doesC. Does do D. Do do7. _ To

21、m _to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _.A. Has x does B. Has x does C. Does has hasD. Does have does8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day ?A. does givesB. does give C. do giveD. gives9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does.A. does he No B. does he Yes C. doesn't he

22、No D. doesn't he Yes10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ?A. goes doesn'tB. goes isn'tC. doesn't go doesD. doesn't go is11.He usually _ TV on Sunday evening.A. watchB. watchesC. watchingD. is watching12. We'll go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow.A. snowB. snowsC. wi

23、ll snowD. snowed13. Neither I nor he _ French.A. speakB. doesn't speakC. speaks D. doesn't speak14. Nobody _ how to run this machines.A . knowB. have knownC. knowsD. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day.A. carryB. bringC. takesD. carries16. Some are _ in the rive

24、r and some are _ games.A. swimming playingB. swimming plaiingC. swimming I playing D. swimming plaing17. Look ! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ .A. playi ng danceB. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance18. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening. A. is beginning B.

25、 is beginning C. begin D. begins19. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ?A. Does gets B. Does get C. Is getting D. Is geting20.Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days.A. is writing is writing B. is writing writesC. writes is writing D. writes writes21.I _ to the cinema. I _ the

26、re every Sunday.A. go go B. am goinggoC. go am going D. am going am going22.Look, they_ a good time, _ they ?A. have do B. have don'tC. are having are D. are having aren't23.You _ about the future now, _ you ?A. don't think don't B. aren't thinking aren'tC. don't think do

27、 D. aren't thinking are24.She always _ something whenever she _.A .studied played B. studied plaiedC. studied plaied D. studied played25.He often _ late in the forest. It _ me very much.,A. stayed worried B. staied worriedC. stayed worryed D. staied worried26.I _that the boy _ with no tears in h

28、is eyes.A. noticed cryed B. noticed criedC. noticed cried D. noticed cryed27. We _the floor and _ all the windows. A. mopped cleanned B. moped cleanedC. mopped cleaned D. moped cleaned28.When I _ the Children's Palace, the children _ with joy.A. visited jumpped B. visited jumpedC. visited jumped

29、 D. visited jumpped29._ a sports meet last Sunday ? Yes , they _.A. Di d they have did B. Did they have hadC. Had they had D. Had they did30._ you _out for a walk after supper ? Yes, I _.A. Did went went B. Did go wentC. Did went did D. Did go did31._ Jack _ on with his work or _ to have a rest?A. D

30、id went stopped B. Did go stopC. Did went stop D. Did go stopped32.You gave them a talk two days ago, _you ? Yes, I _.A. did did B. did gave C. didn't did D. didn't gave33._ your brother _ a letter to ? My father.A. Who wrote B. What wroteC. Who did write D. What did write34.They _ about the

31、 TV news then in the sitting-room. They often _ such talksA. talked hadB. talk haveC. were talking hadD. are talking have35.He _ some cooking at that time, so _ me.A. did heard B. did didn't hearC. was doing heard D. was doing didn't hear36." _ you angry then?" "They_ too much

32、 noise.”A. Are were making B. Were were makingC. Are made D. Were made37.This time yesterday Jack _ his, bike. He _ TV.A. repaired didn't watch B. was repairing watchedC. repaired watched D. was repairing wasn't watching38.We _ for Tom at ten last Sunday. He often kept us _.A. were waiting w

33、aiting B. were waiting waitC. waited waiting D. waited wait39.When you _ at the door, I _ some washing.A. knocked did B. was knocking didC. knocked was doing D. knock am doing40.The boy_ English on the radio when I _ his door.A. learned was opening B. was learning openedC. learned opened D. is learn

34、ing open41.When they_ through the forest, a bear _ at them.A. walked was coming B. were walking cameC. were talking comes D. walk is coming42.A young man _ her while she _ her work .A. watched was finishing B. was watching finishedC. watched finished D. was watching was finishing43.While mother _ so

35、me washing, I _ a kite for Kack.A. did made B. was doing madeC. was doing was making D. did wasng maki44.I _ myself French from 7 to 9 yesterday morning. I _ to work.A. was teaching didn't go B. taught didn't goC. was teaching went D. taught went45. He _ a model plane when I came to see him.

36、 A. makes B. is making C. was making D. made46. I _ a letter at nine last night.47. The teacher_ (give) us a history lesson when Tom walked into the classroom. A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving48. There will be a football match in two days, that is _.A. last SundayB. next SundayC. ever

37、y SundayD. this Sunday49.We _ class meeting this November.A. had B. haveC. will haveD. are having50.He _ in his garden every morning next year.A. will workB. worksC. worked D. is working51.Be careful. The train _.A. will comeB. cameC. comes D. is coming52.Look at those clouds. It _ soon, I'm afr

38、aid.A. is going to rainB. is rainingC. will rain D. won't rain53. The radio says it _ the day after tomorrow. A. is going to snow B. is snowing C. will snow D. snows54. _ he _ some shopping tomorrow afternoon ?A. Will does B. is going to do C. is doing D. Shall do55. What day _ it _ tomorrow ? W

39、ednesday.A . is going to be B. will be C. shall be D. does be56. The boy _ sixteen years old next year. A. is going to be B. is growing to be C. will be D. is57. _ you _ me up at six, please ?A. Are going to wake B. Are waking C. Will wake Dke.Do wa58.If he _ to college, he _ a lot more.A. will go w

40、ill learn B. will go is going to learnC. is going is going to learn D. goes will learn59.When she _ next time ,l _ her everything.A. is going to come shall tell B. will comehall tell sC. comes will tell D. come will tell60.What day _ it _ tomorrow ? It _Tuesday.A. is going to be is B. will be willC.

41、 is going to be is going D. will be will be61.She _that she _ her best to help them the next term.A. says will doB. said will do C. said would do D. says would do62.People _ that the Smiths _ for a holiday next week.A. say will goB. said will go C. said would go D. say would go63.Nobody _ us that he

42、 _ even stricter with usA. tell will be B. tells would beC. told will be D. told would be64.Please _ him that we _ able to help him.A. tell will be B. tells would beC. told will be D. told would be65.Jack _ that they _ surprised to see it this Friday.A. know would be B. knows will beC. knew would be

43、 D. knew will be66.I _to know if Mary_ by train that afternoon.A. want would go B. want will goC. wanted would go D. wanted will go67._ he _ that they _ home tomorrow?A. Does learn would go B. Does learn will goC. Did learn would go D. Did learn will go68.We _ that they _ a sports meet tomorrow.A. l

44、earn would have B. have learned would haveC. learn will have D. have learned will have69._ you _ that he _ his lost son one day ?A. Do think will find B. Do thought would findC. Did think will find D. Did thought would find70.I _ that you _ good care of her that day.A. thought will take B. thought w

45、ould takeC. think will take D. think would take71. The visitors _ where they _ a short test. A. ask would take B. ask will takeC. asked would take D. asked can take72. John _ sure that he _ good at chemistry soon.A. be will beB. is, would beC. was will beD. was would be73. She _ ill so she _ able to go skating the next day.A. is won't beB. is wouldn't beC. was won' beD. was wouldn't be74. He _ the thief to the police when he _ the man again.A. would take would meetB. would