argument高頻前50提綱+中文分析報(bào)告

1、1. 53,(生命科學(xué) /科學(xué)假說 /并列)Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a groupof 25 infants(1) who showed sig ns of mild distress(4) when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unu sual odor or a tape record ing of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely tha n other infants to

2、 have bee n con ceived in early autu mn (2), a time whe n their mothers' product ionof melat onin (3)a horm one known to affect some brain functions would n aturally in crease inresp onse to decreased daylight. I n a follow-up study con ducted earlier this year, more tha n half of these childre

3、n now tee nagers who had show n sig ns of distressiden tified themselves as shy(5).Clearly, in creased levels of melat onin beforebirth cause shyness(4) during infancy and this shyness continues into later life(6).1. The sample of the men ti oned study is too limited.(qua ntity of the sample)2. No d

4、irect evidenee is provided to show that it is the high levels of mothers' producti on of Melat onin that resulted in the distress showed by the infantsstudied. (confusing con curre nee with causality)3. The author fails to prove that i ncreased levels of mothers' product ion ofMelato nin wil

5、l directly affect their infan ts.(UA) 4. The author simply equates mild distress with shyness.(U.C) 5. Different in dividuals may defi ne the termshy in various ways.(defi niti onof the termshy' ) 6. Many other gen etic or environmen tal factors will cause shyn ess in thosetee nagers.(I.T)25 inf

6、an ts,mild distress論斷：出生前某素的高含量會(huì)使嬰兒害羞，而且這種害羞會(huì)繼續(xù)。因?yàn)檠芯空咴?3年前對(duì)25個(gè)對(duì)陌生刺激表現(xiàn)敏感的嬰兒進(jìn)行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們比其他嬰兒更多地在秋季懷上。而秋季母親體內(nèi)的影響大腦功能的某素產(chǎn)量會(huì)因?yàn)槿展獾南陆刀烊簧仙Ｈ缃襁@ 25名嬰兒都十幾歲了，今年一項(xiàng)跟蹤調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)他們大部分都認(rèn)為自己很害 羞。論斷忽略了一個(gè)前提，就是某素是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致嬰兒害羞。論者沒有提供任何對(duì)某素的 科學(xué)研究，以說明某素的功能或是作用是什么。論者甚至沒有提供資料證明某素是否會(huì)對(duì)嬰兒產(chǎn)生影響。雖然論者說某素是一種對(duì)某些大腦功能有影響的荷爾蒙，但并沒有告訴我們這種影響是對(duì)母親，還是對(duì)胎

7、兒。論斷的論據(jù)沒有說服力。論斷引用一項(xiàng) 13年前對(duì)25個(gè)對(duì)陌生刺激反應(yīng)敏感的嬰兒的研究和今年的跟蹤研究。但首先論者沒有提供資料表明嬰兒表現(xiàn)出來的敏感一下是因?yàn)楹π?，我們不能排除這是因?yàn)榇碳淼纳砩系牟皇娣?。而在跟蹤研究中，論者也沒有提供有關(guān)這些孩子在這十幾年里的生活環(huán)境的資料，我們不能排除環(huán)境對(duì)孩子性格的影響。論斷的結(jié)論很武斷。論斷某素的高含量會(huì)導(dǎo)致嬰兒害羞，并在后面的生活中延續(xù)。但顯然性格的形成有很多原因，后天的環(huán)境與經(jīng)歷也非常重要。結(jié)論：若 要增加說服力，論者還需要提供有關(guān)科學(xué)研究資料，進(jìn)一步說明某素對(duì)胎兒能造成什么樣的影響。而且是否這種影響是永久的，無法消除的，論者也需要再進(jìn)一步思考

8、。2. 51 ,(醫(yī)療 /建議/對(duì)比)The following appeared in a medical newsletter."Doctors have long suspected that sec on dary infections may keep some patie ntsfromhealing quickly after severe muscle strain. This hypothesis has nowbeen proved bypreliminaryresults of a study of two groups of patients. The fir

9、st group of patients,all being treated for muscle injuries by Dr. Newland, a doctor who specializes in sports medicine, took antibiotics regularly throughout their treatment. Their recuperatio n time was, on average, 40 perce nt quicker tha n typically expected.Patie nts in the sec ond group, all be

10、ing treatedby Dr. Alt on, a gen eralphysicia n,were give n sugar pills(3), although the patie nts believed they were tak ing antibiotics. Their average recuperation time was not significantly reduced(1,2).Therefore, all patie nts(4) who are diag no sed with muscle stra in would be welladvised to tak

11、e antibiotics(5) as part of their treatment." 1. The author does not inform us about the severity of injuries,physicalcon diti ons of the two groups of patie nts.(I.C)2. There might be other differe nces betwee n treatme nts offered by the twodoctors. (I.C)3. Sugar pills may cause n egative eff

12、ects on the heali ng of the sec ond groupof patie nts.(I.T)4. Not all patie nts who are diag no sed with muscle stra in will suffer fromsec on dary in fectio ns.(C.S) 5. Not all patie nts with muscle stra in are suitable to tak ing an tibiotics.(feasibility of the con clusi on)seco ndary in fectio n

13、s,muscle strai n論斷：要建議有肌肉拉傷的病人服用抗生素。因?yàn)獒t(yī)生最近證實(shí)二次感染會(huì)防礙病人快速康復(fù)。在一項(xiàng)對(duì)兩組病人的研究中，第一組病人由專門從事體育藥品的醫(yī)生治療，并在整個(gè)治療中服用抗生素，他們比一般的病人快40%康復(fù)；第二組病人由普通醫(yī)生治療，盡管病人以為服用的是抗生素，但實(shí)際吃的是糖片，他們的康復(fù)時(shí)間沒有明顯下降。論斷的前提不一定成立。前提是二次感染一定會(huì)發(fā)生。但是論者沒有提供任何資料證明二次感染會(huì)發(fā)生在肌肉拉傷的病人身上，或是這種病人容易發(fā)生二次感染。論斷引用的論據(jù)沒有說服力。論斷引用了一項(xiàng)分組研究。但是首先論者沒有提供 任何有關(guān)兩組病人的資料。有關(guān)他們的年齡、性別以及

14、其他生理特征。有可能服用抗生素的 一組病人比較年輕，或是本身生理機(jī)能好，而不服用的一組病人可能都是體質(zhì)弱的人。這樣就不能說明是抗生素而不是其他原因使得病人康復(fù)快。另外兩位醫(yī)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和水平也會(huì)影響病人康復(fù)的速度，一般來說運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)生會(huì)比普通醫(yī)生更了解肌肉的問題，所以由他治療的病人康復(fù)快，就不能排除是因?yàn)樗乃礁呋蚴侵委熡嗅槍?duì)性造成，這樣也不能說明是抗生素使得病人康復(fù)快。第三，不服抗生素的一組食用了糖片，而論者沒有給出資料證明這種糖片不會(huì)影響病人的康復(fù)。所以對(duì)這兩組病人的研究并不能說明抗生素能使病人康復(fù)快。論斷太武斷。論者由二次感染會(huì)防礙病人快速康復(fù)而認(rèn)為要建議病人服用抗生素。但是抗生素除了會(huì)殺菌防

15、止感染外，還可能會(huì)帶來其他問題，比如副作用，也可能有的病人會(huì)對(duì)抗生素過 敏。對(duì)于這些情況論者沒有考慮進(jìn)來。結(jié)論：為加強(qiáng)說服力，論者還應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步提供有關(guān)肌 肉拉傷的病人中二次感染的概率有多少，并提供一份科學(xué)的研究， 證明在相同醫(yī)生、相同病征、相同病人生理?xiàng)l件以及其他治療手段、環(huán)境相同的情況下，抗生素是能使病人早日康復(fù)。3. 45,(動(dòng)物 / 推測(cè) / 并列)The following appeared as an editorial in a wildlifejourn al."Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arcticregi

16、on. They search for food by movingover ice from island to island duringthe course of a year. Their habitatis limitedto areas warm eno ugh to susta in the pla nts on which they feed, and cold eno ugh, atleast someof the year, for the ice tocover the sea separatingthe islands,allowi ngthe deer to trav

17、el over it. Unfortunately,according to reports from local hunters(1),the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warm ing tren ds(2) that have caused the sea ice to melt,we can con clude that thedecli ne in arctic deer populati ons is the result of deer being

18、un able to followtheir age-old migration patterns(4) across the frozen sea(3)." 1. The accuracy of the reports from local hunters can be cast doubt on. (selective sample) 2. The global warming trends may have no effects on the specific region mentioned by the editorial. (C.S) 3. Alter native ex

19、pla nati ons can also acco unt for the decli ne in arctic deerpopulation. (NCR) 4. The cha nge in climate patter ns does not n ecessarily lead to the decli ne indeer population, deer mayadapt themselves to the new weather by certain means.(NCR) Arctic deer論斷：鹿的數(shù)目下降的原因是氣溫上升。因?yàn)闅鉁厣仙沟煤Ｉ系谋诨?，?無法按照傳統(tǒng)在冰凍

20、的海面上遷徒。他舉例說，最近當(dāng)?shù)氐墨C人報(bào)告說鹿的數(shù)目在下降，而這種下降又伴隨全球氣溫上升的趨勢(shì)。論斷的前提不一定成立。前提是當(dāng)?shù)氐臍鉁氐拇_在上升。但是論者沒有提供任何資料證明當(dāng)?shù)氐臍鉁乇纫郧案吡?。得出論斷的前提是鹿的?shù)目的確在下降。但是論者僅用當(dāng)?shù)孬C人的報(bào)告，不足以證明。因?yàn)楹苡锌赡塬C人只是因?yàn)榇虿坏铰?，而認(rèn)為鹿數(shù)目在下降。但是這些獵人活動(dòng)的時(shí)間、范圍以及習(xí)慣是否與鹿相同都會(huì)影響到他們是否能看見鹿。論斷的另一個(gè)前提是，氣溫上升會(huì)導(dǎo)致鹿數(shù)目下降。但是論者沒有提供任何資料證明如果氣溫上升，環(huán)境改變，鹿就會(huì)死亡。氣溫上升或許會(huì)使鹿生存的環(huán)境發(fā)生變化，它們的活動(dòng)模式或許必需有所改變，但這些都不必造成鹿

21、死亡。論斷引用的證據(jù)沒有說服力。論斷說鹿數(shù)目下降的同時(shí)伴隨全球氣溫上升的趨勢(shì)。但全球勢(shì)趨不能代表本地狀況，很有可能全球某些地方氣溫升高很快，使得全球氣溫上升，但本地的氣溫仍可能不變，甚至下降。論者的結(jié)論很武斷。他認(rèn)為是氣溫上升改變了鹿的遷徒模式，而不是其他原因?qū)е侣箶?shù)目下降。但是顯然獵人是否有過度獵殺、鹿的某種食物最近是不是大面積減少等等都能使得鹿數(shù)目下降。結(jié)論：論者若要增加說服力， 還因提供目前鹿數(shù)目的變化情況，以及當(dāng)?shù)貧鉁厥欠裼猩仙?另外鹿的生存環(huán)境是否還存在其他的威脅也需要調(diào)查。4. 7,(政治經(jīng)濟(jì)，社會(huì) / 提議 / 并列)The following appeared in a le

22、tter to the editorof the Clearview n ewspaper."In the next mayoral election, residents of Clearview should vote for Ann Green,who is a member of the Good Earth Coaliti on, rather tha n for Frank Braun, a memberof the Clearview town council(3), because the current members are not protectingour e

23、n vir onment.For example, duri ng the past year the nu mber of factories inClearview has doubled(1), air polluti on levels have in creased, and the localhospital has treated 25 percent more patients with respiratoryillnesses(2).If weelect Ann Gree n, the en vir onmen tal problems in Clearview will c

24、erta inly besolved (4,5) ." 1481. The argume nt un fairly assumes that last year's in crease in the nu mber offactories was due to the city coun cil's decisi ons rather tha n to some otherphe nomenonand that this in crease poses environmen tal problems for Clearview.(NCR) 2. The argume

25、nt also assumes un fairly that last year's in crease in the nu mberof patientsreportingrespiratory problems indicates worsening environmentalproblems in Clearview. (NCR) 3. The editorial provides no evidenee to substantiatethe assumption that Braunwas a factor in the city council' s decision

26、s. (I.I)4. The mere fact that Green is a memberof the Good Earth Coalition hardly sufficesto prove her willingness and ability to help solve Clearview's environmental problems. (I.E)5. The author provides no firm evidenee that electing Green is necessary to solvethose problems, or thatelectingGr

27、een would suffice.(necessityandsufficie ncy of the soluti on)Clearview mayoral election論斷：選 Ann Green，環(huán)境問題肯定能解決，因?yàn)樗荊oodEarth Coaliti on。論斷認(rèn)為人們沒有選另一位政府成員是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的環(huán)境太糟糕，污染非常嚴(yán)重。論斷太武斷。論為選一位環(huán)境組織的成員當(dāng)市長，環(huán)境污染問題就能解決。但 實(shí)際上作為環(huán)境組織的成員只能表明他對(duì)環(huán)境很關(guān)注，而政府要解決污染問題，除了關(guān)心以外還會(huì)有大量具體工作要作。比如協(xié)調(diào)其他部門， 比如對(duì)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的了解等等，這些都不是出身就必然能具備的素質(zhì)。

28、論斷沒有提供該候選人的這方面資料。論斷不公平。說現(xiàn)行政府不關(guān)心保護(hù)環(huán)境， 舉例說是過去幾年工廠的數(shù)目加倍，空氣污染的程度在上升， 而當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院治療的呼吸病患者也比以前多了25%但是論斷沒有告訴我們新增的工廠是否是污染型產(chǎn)業(yè)，這些工廠有沒有采取防止污染的措施，沒有這種資料我們無法判斷這些工廠對(duì)于環(huán)境污染的影響程度，因?yàn)楹芸赡苓@些工廠是污染少的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)，或是采取了有效措施。 而說到空氣污染的問題，一方面這是一個(gè)全球共同面臨的狀況，論斷沒有說明該市與其他相同特征的城市相比，或是與早前的歷史相比，這個(gè)數(shù)字是大是小，從而無法判斷，另一方面空氣污染并不一定是因?yàn)樵撌凶陨淼膯栴}，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)向的流動(dòng)，污染有可能是從

29、其他地方來的。而醫(yī)院里呼吸病病人增多同樣缺乏判斷根據(jù)，呼吸病發(fā)生的原因很多， 有天生的，有因?yàn)槔匣?，論斷沒有說明新增病人的病因是否因?yàn)槲廴疽稹Ｕ摂鄬?duì)另一名候選人也很不公平。就算真像論斷所說現(xiàn)行政府不關(guān)心環(huán)境，就認(rèn)為他也不關(guān)心境。論斷沒有提供該候選人是否有破壞環(huán)境的紀(jì)錄，是否曾促進(jìn)一些破壞環(huán)境的措施。因?yàn)椴荒芘懦埠荜P(guān)心環(huán)境保護(hù)，只是他的聲音被政府其他聲音所淹沒。結(jié)論：論斷非常不公平也很武斷。他既沒有提供候選人在解決環(huán)境問題上的成果和能力， 也沒有提供任何可以證明現(xiàn)行政府以及另一候選人不關(guān)心 環(huán)境的證據(jù)。如果要號(hào)召選民們同意他的意見，他還需要進(jìn)一步提供這方面的資料。5. 35,(食品，保健

30、 /預(yù)言/并列)The following 即peared in the summary of a studyon headaches suffered by the reside nts of Men tia."Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches(1). Although many foods are n aturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades

31、food-processingcompanies have also been adding salicylatesto foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercialuse of salicylates has bee nfound to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participa nts in our twen ty-year study(2). Recen tly, food-processing c

32、ompanieshave found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods(3). With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia.(4,5)" 1. Salicylates may not have the same effect as aspiri n

33、in treati ng headachesalthough they are of the same chemical family.(F.A) 2. Other factors may also lead to the decline in the number of headaches in the study mentioned above. (NCR) 3. The author does not inform us what fraction of foods con sumed by citize nsof Mentia contains salicylates, and how

34、 many of the citizens prefer such kind of foods. (I.I)4. The author fails to con sider factors other tha n food, such as environment,lifestyle, etc. that may result in the in crease in the nu mber of headaches suffered by citize ns of Men tia would in crease(I.T)5. Gran ted that salicylates are effe

35、ctive in treat ing headaches, we cannothastily infer that they would also be effective in preventing headaches. (U.C)headaches , residents of Mentia論斷：S的新用途會(huì)繼續(xù)平穩(wěn)地降低居民平均頭疼。因?yàn)镾與阿斯匹林同屬一個(gè)化學(xué)家庭。過去幾十年中食品公司把S做為防腐劑添加到食品中，一項(xiàng)長達(dá)二十年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這種商業(yè)用途的增加伴隨著頭疼報(bào)告的下降。論斷的前提不被必然保證。論斷的前提是S能治療或降低頭疼。但是論者并沒有提供有關(guān)的科學(xué)研究以證 明S具有這樣的作用

36、。雖然論者說S與阿斯匹林同屬一個(gè)化學(xué)家庭，但這只能說明他們的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)相近，并不能保證必然具有與阿斯匹林一樣的作用。論斷的論據(jù)不具備說服力。論斷引用一份二十年的研究，這份研究說在S被食品商用于防腐劑的年代里，研究中報(bào)告頭疼的人少了。首先論者沒能排除有人頭疼但沒報(bào)告的可能性。其次是他也沒能排除其他因素導(dǎo)致頭疼下降的可能，比如醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)達(dá)，環(huán)境質(zhì)量好了，人們生活規(guī)律了等等。這都不能說明 S的食用降低了頭疼的發(fā)生。論者的結(jié)論非常武斷。他認(rèn)為頭疼還會(huì)有持續(xù)穩(wěn)步下降，但就算S真能影響頭疼也還可能會(huì)有其他因素導(dǎo)致頭疼上升，比如生活節(jié)奏加快、工作壓力突然加大等等。另外如果S對(duì)頭疼有作用，是否是越多越好，論斷也沒有

37、給出依據(jù)。結(jié)論：論者所做的結(jié)論很武斷，論者若想增加說服力還應(yīng)該提供具體關(guān)于S的醫(yī)療作用的研究。6. 188, (醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生 / 建議/ 對(duì)比) A new report suggests that men and womenexperieneepain very differe ntly from one ano ther, and that doctors should con sider thesediffere nces whe n prescrib ing pain medicati on s(3).When researchers admi nisteredthe same dosag

38、e of kappa opioids a pain killer to 28 men and 20 wome n(1) who werehav ing their wisdom teeth extracted, the wome n reported(5) feeli ng much less painthan the men, and the eas ing of pain lasted con siderably Ion ger in wome n( 2).Thisresearch suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for w

39、ome n whe never pain medicatio n is required(4), whereas men should be give n other kinds of pain medicatio n( 6). I n additi on, researchers should reevaluate the effects of allmedicati on s(7) on men versus wome n. 2001. The number of subjects might be insufficientto constitute a representativesam

40、ple. (quantity of the sample) 2. Other differences between those men and women could also explain thediffere nee betwee n their feeli ngs on pain.(I.C)3. The effect of kappa opioids on pain feeling could not be hastilygeneralizedto all other pain medications.(C.S) 4. The effect of kappa opioids on p

41、atientswho have their wisdom teeth extractedcould not be hastily generalized to all conditions where pain medication is required. (C.S) 5. Thelevel of pain reported by the patientsmay not reflecttheir actual levelof pain. (U.C) 6. Without more in formati on concerning the thorough effect of kappa op

42、ioids,and lack ing comparis on betwee n the effective ness of kappa opiods and other available pain medicatio ns, we cannot con clude that it is not suitable for all male patients merely based on the fact cited above. (adv:disadv/confusing comparis on and variati on) 7. Gran ted that pain medicati o

43、ns should be prescribed discrim in at in gly, thenecessity of reevaluatingthe effects of all medications on men versus womenis un warra nted.(C.S/necessity of the soluti on)men and wome n experie nee pain very differe ntly from one ano ther論斷：只要止痛藥需要就要給女的開K,而男的應(yīng)該開別的藥。另外研究者應(yīng)該對(duì)所有藥對(duì)于男女不同的效果重新評(píng)估。因?yàn)橐环菪碌膱?bào)

44、告顯示，男女對(duì)痛的經(jīng)歷非常不同，醫(yī)生應(yīng)該考慮給他們開不同 的止痛藥。研究中給在撥智齒的28個(gè)男人和20個(gè)女人開同樣劑量的K,女的比男的少說痛，而且藥效女的也明顯長一些。前提，K對(duì)女的有效，對(duì)男的沒效。撥牙一項(xiàng)不能代表所有的情況。前提，男女對(duì)疼痛的經(jīng)歷不同，沒有直接證據(jù)證明。而論據(jù)，問題多。首 先，人太少，沒有代表性。其次，也許不是性別帶來的不同，而是其他體質(zhì)上的問題。沒有 說是否每一個(gè)女人都比每一個(gè)男人少說痛。第三，心理影響。報(bào)告的痛有心理作用，而醫(yī)學(xué) 關(guān)心的止痛是生理問題。不排除女的意志力堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，所以少說痛。就算男女對(duì)K的經(jīng)歷不一樣，沒有理由存在需要對(duì)所有的藥都重新評(píng)估。7. 161,(社會(huì)

45、/ 論斷 / 對(duì)比)In a study of readi ng habits of Leeville citize ns con ductedby the Uni versity of Leeville, most resp onden ts(1) said they preferred literaryclassics as readi ng material. However, a follow-up study(4,5)con ducted by the sameresearchers found that the type of book most freque ntly check

46、ed out(2) of each ofthe public libraries(6) in Leeville was the mystery novel(3).Therefore, it can beconcluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresentedtheir readinghabits (7).1. We do not know how many, and what kind of citize ns resp on ded to the survey,thus the representativenes

47、sof the result is open to doubt. (are theresp ondents represe ntative?)2. The freque ncy of certa in type of book being checked out from the publiclibraries is not a good in dicati on of what kind of readi ng material docitizens prefer.(U.C) 3. The author does not analyze to what extent the literary

48、 classics and mysteryno vels men ti oned in the argume nt overlap.(I.I)4. The author fails to provide evidenee to show that the result of the follow-upstudy is representative of all-time reading habits of Leevillecitizens.(Cf F) 5. We do not know how long is the in terim period betwee n the two stud

49、ies, manyconditions may change after sufficient long time.(Pf C) 6. The author un fairly assumes that the resp ondents in the first study borrowmost of their reading materials from public libraries.(U.A) 7. The author fails to consider other explanation that could explain the discrepancy between the

50、 respondents ' answer and the result of the follow-up study, e.g. if the respondents were forthright, if they correctlyunderstoodthe survey ' s question, etc. (necessity of the solution)reading habits of Leeville citizens論斷：居民不是最愛看古典文學(xué)。一項(xiàng)由 L校進(jìn)行的該地區(qū)居民閱讀習(xí)慣研究中，大多數(shù)被訪者說他們最愛看古典文學(xué)。但是他們隨后進(jìn)行的研究又發(fā)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)

51、每個(gè)公共圖書館里最常被借的是神話小說。古典文學(xué)里有很多都是神話小說。奧德賽，希望神話都是古典小說。First at all , the mystery novels can alsobe literary classics. The arguer un derco un ted the scope of "literary classics".in fact, all book write by writers past and made great successes in readers can becalled "literary classics"

52、;, there are many mystery novels such as the "Odessey" and "Greek Mysterious story" have long been considered as literary classics. Moreover, each reader has his/her own con cept about "literary classics", therefore, thearguer'sconclusionabout they had misrepresente

53、dtherireadinghabits isunfoun ded.公共圖書館不是唯一的書源?？梢再I，可以去私人圖書館。有可能是因?yàn)楣矆D書館里古典小說藏量不豐富，或是神話小說過多而造成的。人們只是順便借來看看。第二次研究時(shí)間多長，有可能只是暫時(shí)現(xiàn)象。比如流行。8. 169,(人事，學(xué)校建設(shè) /提議/類比)The following 即peared in a letter from adepartme nt chairpers on to the preside nt of Pierce Uni versity."Some studies con ducted by Bronston

54、College, which is also located in a small tow n, reveal that both male and female professors are happier(1) living in small tow nswhen their spouses are also employed in the same geographic area. Therefore, in the in terest of attract ing the most(5) gifted teachers and researchers to our facultyand

55、 improving the morale of our entire(3) staff(5), we at Pierce Universityshouldoffer employment to the spouse of each new faculty memberwe hire(2,4,7,9). Although we cannot expect all offers to be accepted or to be viewed as an ideal job offer, the money in vested in this effort will clearly be well

56、spe nt(6) because, if theirspouses have a cha nee of employme nt, new professors will be more likely to accept our offers (8) ." 1. The fact that professors are happier livi ng in small tow ns might be due toother factors, but not because they are livingtogether with their spouses.(NCR) 2. The

57、chairperson fails to consider the possible differencesbetween BronstonCollege and Pierce University, thus merely copying Bronston ' s activity may n ot be same effective at Pierce.(F.A)3. The chairpers on fails to point out what fractio n of our faculty will be newmembers, thus the assumption that the morale of entire staff could be improved is open to doubt. (I.I/U.A)4. The chairpers on fails to con sider many other re