測(cè)控技術(shù)與儀器專業(yè)英語(yǔ)單詞句子整理

1、1.acquisition of information 信息采集2.object of measurement 測(cè)量目標(biāo)3.measurand 被測(cè)物理量，被測(cè)對(duì)象4.measurement result 測(cè)量結(jié)果5.qualitative measurement 質(zhì)量測(cè)量6.quantitative measurement 數(shù)量測(cè)量7.measurement process 測(cè)量過程8.theorem 定理，法則9.hypothesis 假說，假設(shè)，學(xué)說10.single-value 單值 11.monotonic function 單調(diào)函數(shù)12.measurement constitut

2、e 測(cè)量組成13.physical quantity 物理量14.electrical potential difference 電勢(shì)差15.electrical current 電流16.electrical resistance 電阻17.capacitance 電容18.inductance 感應(yīng)系數(shù)19.frequency 頻率20.mutual induction 互感21.thermostat 自動(dòng)調(diào)溫器22.parasitic quantity 寄生量，附加量23.random errors 隨機(jī)誤差24.systematic errors 系統(tǒng)誤差25.osp oscillos

3、cope 示波器26.rms root-mean-square 均方根27.quantitative data 定量數(shù)據(jù)28.qualitative data 定性數(shù)據(jù)29.empirical data 經(jīng)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)30.processed data 已處理過的數(shù)據(jù)31.theoretical calculations 理論計(jì)算32.theoretical model 理論模型33.data processing 數(shù)據(jù)處理34.data reduction 數(shù)據(jù)簡(jiǎn)化35.measurement strategy 測(cè)量策略36.frequency spectrum 頻譜37.coherent sam

4、pling 相干采樣38.amplitude distribution function 振幅分布函數(shù)39.multiplex 多路操作40.inaccurate calibration 不準(zhǔn)確的刻度41.mismatched impedance 不匹配的阻抗42.response-time error 反應(yīng)時(shí)間誤差43.histogram 直方圖，柱狀圖，矩形圖44.observational data 觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)45.descriptive statistic 描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)46.statistical inference 統(tǒng)計(jì)性推論47.distribution of value 數(shù)據(jù)分布48

5、.sample mean 樣本均值49.performance check 性能檢查50.tolerance limit 公差極限51.lower range limit 范圍下限52.upper range limit 范圍上限53.dead band 死區(qū)54.measured variable 被測(cè)變量55.sinusoidal signal 正弦信號(hào)56.amount of drift 漂移量57.recovery time 回復(fù)時(shí)間58.saturation effect 飽和效應(yīng)59.zero drift 零點(diǎn)漂移60.sensitivity drift 敏感性漂移61.stati

6、c characteristics 靜態(tài)特征62.hysteresis 滯后現(xiàn)象63.tabular form 表格形式64.graphical form 圖解形式65.controller 控制器66.sensor 傳感器67.closed-loop 閉環(huán)68.open-loop 開環(huán)69.feedback 反饋70.regulator system 調(diào)節(jié)器系統(tǒng)71.follow-up system 隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)72.actuator 執(zhí)行器73.numerical control 數(shù)值控制74.batch control 批量控制75.sequential control 連續(xù)控制76.tim

7、e-sequential control 時(shí)間順序控制77.event-sequential control 事件順序控制78.block diagram 方框圖79.phase difference 相位差80.phase angle 相位角81.direct current 直流82.frequency response 頻率響應(yīng)83.control mode 控制模型84.proportional mode 比例模型85.integral mode 積分模型86.derivative mode 微分模型87.manual control 手動(dòng)控制88.external signal 外部

8、信號(hào)89.on-off control 開關(guān)控制90.bumpless transfer 無(wú)擾動(dòng)切換91.pattern recognition 模式識(shí)別92.tagging of instrument 儀器標(biāo)志93.general instrument symbol 通用儀器標(biāo)志94.control valve 控制閥95.level transmitter 液位變送器 96.maintenance tracking 跟蹤維護(hù)97.material handling 原料處理puter-assisted simulation 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助仿真99.hierarchical structure

9、遞階結(jié)構(gòu)，層次結(jié)果100.myriad clone 大量復(fù)制101.relay 繼電器102.boolean programming method 布爾編程方法103.lcd liquid crystal display 液晶104.internal register 內(nèi)部寄存器105.arithmetic unit 算術(shù)單元106.logic unit 邏輯單元107.operation manual 操作指南108.system integrator 系統(tǒng)集成器109.industrial relay 工業(yè)繼電器110.system expansion 系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展111.user manua

10、l 用戶手冊(cè)puter analysis 計(jì)算機(jī)分析113.power assist 輔助動(dòng)力114.master control 主控制115.process progress 進(jìn)程patibility 兼容性munication standard 通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)118.iso international standards organization 國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織119.osi open systems interconnection 開放式系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)munication network architecture 通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)層munication sophistication 通信混合系統(tǒng)122.a

11、llowable bandwidth 允許的帶寬123.fieldbus 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線124.interoperability 互用性，協(xié)同工作的能力125.distributed real-time system 分布式實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)126.pyramidal model 金字塔模型127.operational architecture 操作體系結(jié)構(gòu)128.horizontal traffic 水平通信129.vertical traffic 垂直通信130.robustness 魯棒性131.qos quality of service 服務(wù)質(zhì)量132.atc air traffic contro

12、l 空中交通管制133.barometric 大氣壓力134.altermetry 測(cè)高學(xué)135.troposphere 對(duì)流層136.galaxy 銀河系137.luminous flux 光通量138.pupil 瞳孔139.retina 視網(wǎng)膜140.acceleration 加速度141.velocity 速度142.temperature 溫度143.gravitational 重力的144.impedance 阻抗，全阻抗145.hybrid 混合物146.strain 過度疲勞，緊張，張力，應(yīng)變147.thermometer 溫度計(jì)，體溫計(jì)148.calibrate 校準(zhǔn)149.

13、bandwidth 帶寬150.mapping 映射，繪制地圖，計(jì)劃151.lubricating oil 潤(rùn)滑油152.heuristic 啟發(fā)式的153.parameter 參數(shù)，參量154.spectrum 光，光譜155.vibration 振動(dòng)156.collision 碰撞，沖突157.phase 相位158.encoding 譯碼器，編碼器159.decoding 解碼器160.multiplexing 多路技術(shù)161.protocol 協(xié)議，草案162.truckline 主干163.duplex 雙工164.router 路由器165.gateway 網(wǎng)關(guān)166.intera

14、ct 互相作用，互相影響167.stack 棧，堆棧168.cim computer integrated manufacturing 計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造169.pc personal computer 個(gè)人電腦170.plc programmable logic controller 可編程邏輯控制器171.i/o input/output 輸入/輸出172.cnc computer numerical control 計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)173.crt cathode ray tube 陰極射線管174.cpu control processing unit 中央處理器175.dc direct

15、 current 直流176.ac alternating current 交流177.ascii american standard code for information interchange 美國(guó)信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)碼178.iec international electro technical commission 國(guó)際電工委員會(huì)179.map manufacturing automation protocol 制造自動(dòng)化協(xié)議180.sds smart distributed system 分布式智能系統(tǒng)181.signal transducer 信號(hào)變送器 182.temperature

16、 transducer 溫度變送器183.flow transmitter 流量變送器184.pressure transmitter 壓力變送器1. in the following, we will define measurement as the acquisition of information in the form of measurement result, concerning characteristics, states or phenomena (the measurand) of the world that surrounds us, observed with

17、the aid of measurement systems (instruments).在下文中，我們將測(cè)量定義為以測(cè)量結(jié)果表現(xiàn)形式的信息采集，包括周圍世界的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)、現(xiàn)象（被測(cè)量）通過測(cè)量系統(tǒng)觀察獲得。2. measurement theory treats measurements as a mapping of elements of a source set belonging to the empirical domain space(see fig.1.1)onto the elements of an image(or outcome)set which is part of

18、 the abstract range(or image)space.測(cè)量理論把測(cè)量理解為屬于經(jīng)驗(yàn)域空間的源集的元素到作為一個(gè)抽象范圍（或稱影像）空間的一部分的影像集元素的映射。3. error is the difference between the true or best accepted value of some quantity and the measured value.誤差是真實(shí)量或者最理想量與測(cè)量值的差。4. precision is a measure of the repeatability of a series of data points taken in th

19、e measurement of some quantity.精度是指在一些量的測(cè)量中采取對(duì)一些數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的重復(fù)測(cè)量。5. recall that resolution was defined in the previous section as the minimum discernible change in the measur and that can be detected.分辨率在前面部分被定義為在測(cè)量中檢測(cè)到的最小可分辨的變化。6. these could be caused by inaccurate calibration, mismatched impedances, resp

20、onse-time error, nonlinearities, equipment malfunction, environmental change, and loading effects. 系統(tǒng)誤差是由于不準(zhǔn)確的校準(zhǔn)，不匹配的阻抗，反應(yīng)時(shí)間誤差，非線性，設(shè)備故障，環(huán)境改變和載荷效應(yīng)所引起的。7. the best way to detect the presence of a systematic error is to repeat the measurement with a completely different technique using different instru

21、ments.檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)誤差的最好方法是用不同的儀器和完全不同的方法重復(fù)測(cè)量。8. random errors(also called accidental errors)tend to vary in both directions from the true value by chance. 隨機(jī)誤差（也稱偶然誤差）往往是在真值的各幅度范圍內(nèi)隨機(jī)變化獲得。9. these errors are unpredictable and occur because of a number of factors that determine the outcome of a measurement. 這

22、些誤差的發(fā)生是不可預(yù)知的，偶然的，因?yàn)橛稍S多因素決定了一個(gè)測(cè)量的結(jié)果。10. random errors are generally small and may be caused by electrical noise、interference、vibration gain variation of amplifiers, leakage currents, drift, observational error, or other environmental factors.隨機(jī)誤差一般較小并且可能是由電噪聲、干擾、放大性增益變化、泄漏電流、漂移、觀測(cè)誤差或者其他環(huán)境因素造成。11. the

23、 best way to reduce random errors is to make repeated measurements and use statistical techniques to determine the uncertainty of the final result. 減少隨機(jī)誤差最好的方法就是重復(fù)測(cè)量和使用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)技術(shù)來確定最終結(jié)果的不確定性。12. to calibration an instrument, the person doing the calibration should consider the limits of accuracy of the i

24、nstrument to be calibrated, the methods that will be used to ensure that the required accuracy can be obtained, and the accuracy of the standard of instrument used as a reference.標(biāo)定一臺(tái)儀器，標(biāo)定的人需要考慮被標(biāo)定儀器的準(zhǔn)確度極限，使用能確保待測(cè)準(zhǔn)確度的可測(cè)性的方法，并且用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀器的準(zhǔn)確度作為參考。13. the range is defined by the lower range limit and the up

25、per range limit.as the names imply, the range consists of all values between the lower range limit and the upper range limit.范圍的定義是范圍下限和范圍上限。如名稱所示，范圍由范圍下限與范圍上限兩者間的所有值組成。14. drift is an undesirable change over a specified period of time.漂移是指在特定時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的不理想的變化。16. the environment of a measuring instrumen

26、t includes ambient temperature, ambient pressure, fluid temperature, fluid pressure, electromagnetic fields, acceleration, vibration, and mounting position.測(cè)量裝置的環(huán)境包括周圍環(huán)境溫度、環(huán)境壓力、流體溫度、流體壓力、電磁場(chǎng)、加速度、震動(dòng)及安裝的位置。17. control systems are classified in a number of different ways. they are classified as closed-

27、loop or open-loop, depending on whether or not feedback is used. they are classified as analog or digital, depending on the nature of the signalscontinuous or discrete. they are divided into regulator systems and follow-up systems, depending on whether the setpoint is constant or changing. they are grouped into process control systems or machine control systems, depending on the industry they are used inprocessin