船舶阻力與推進(jìn)課程設(shè)計(jì)

1、（一）設(shè)計(jì)要求及船體主要參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)要求：航速：V=14.24 kn；排水量：=16694 t船體主參數(shù)：船型：單槳、球首、球尾、流線型掛舵、中機(jī)型多用途遠(yuǎn)洋貨船。利用海軍系數(shù)法，根據(jù)母型船主參數(shù)估算設(shè)計(jì)船體，如下：單位母型船設(shè)計(jì)船排水量t2080016694設(shè)計(jì)水線長LWLm144.20134.01垂線間長LPPm140.00130.01型寬Bm21.8020.26型深Hm12.5011.62設(shè)計(jì)吃水Tm8.908.27槳軸中心距基線ZPm2.952.74方形系數(shù)CB0.7430.725（二）船舶阻力估算及有效馬力預(yù)報(bào)2.1 有效馬力預(yù)報(bào)母型船的有效功率數(shù)據(jù)如下：航速Vm/kn121314151

2、617有效功率PEm/hp滿載203626553406436855337017壓載177923513007364243695236110%滿載223929213747480560867719根據(jù)海軍系數(shù)法對(duì)航速以及有效功率進(jìn)行變換：公式：VVm=(m)16 ； PEPEm=(m)76變換如下：Vm(kn)121314151617V(kn)11.5712.5313.5014.4615.4216.39PEm(hp)滿載203626553406436855337017壓載177923513007364243695236110%滿載223929213747480560867719PE(hp)滿載157

3、5.282054.212635.273379.584280.955429.14壓載1376.441819.002326.562817.863380.354051.16110%滿載1732.342260.022899.103717.694708.825972.29根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù)可作出設(shè)計(jì)船的有效功率曲線如下：從曲線上可讀取，當(dāng)V=14.24kn時(shí)，對(duì)應(yīng)的有效馬力為=3194.82hp。2.2 阻力估算根據(jù)公式PE=Rv/75，進(jìn)行船舶阻力估算。設(shè)計(jì)船在航速為14.24kn時(shí)的總阻力為32711.22kgf。（三）螺旋槳圖譜初步設(shè)計(jì)3.1 初步設(shè)計(jì)確定最佳轉(zhuǎn)速螺旋槳直徑初步由縮尺比關(guān)系確定設(shè)計(jì)船直徑

4、D=4.78×=4.44m，取MAU4-55的圖譜計(jì)算如下：名稱單位數(shù)據(jù)1螺旋槳直徑Dm4.442H1.183VAkn9.834PEhp3194.825假定一組轉(zhuǎn)速Nr/min1401451501556直徑系數(shù)63.2965.5567.8270.087由MAU4-55圖譜插值得P/D0.7410.7280.7090.70400.5910.5790.5700.559BP5.435.675.876.118PDhp4050.694515.344844.565306.019主機(jī)馬力PShp4175.974654.994994.395470.1110螺旋槳能克服的有效馬力PTEhp2823.3

5、93085.183257.193497.51將上表結(jié)果繪制成曲線圖，由圖中Ps與Pe曲線交點(diǎn)可知，設(shè)計(jì)船的最佳轉(zhuǎn)速N=148.25r/min，最佳主機(jī)功率為4873.1hp。3.2 主機(jī)功率的確定 依據(jù)初定的轉(zhuǎn)速與功率，查MAN B&W主機(jī)大全，選擇主機(jī)參數(shù)如下：型號(hào)MAN B&W 5L50MC最大持續(xù)功率hp5850最大持續(xù)功率kw4300轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)148旋向右旋（四）螺旋槳圖譜終結(jié)設(shè)計(jì)4.1 推進(jìn)因子的決定伴流分?jǐn)?shù) 推力減額分?jǐn)?shù) 相對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)效率 船身效率 4.2 可達(dá)到最大航速的計(jì)算采用MAU 4葉槳圖譜進(jìn)行計(jì)算。取功率儲(chǔ)備10%，軸系效率S=0.97，螺旋槳敞水收到

6、馬力： PD=5850×0.9×S×R=5107 (hp)根據(jù)MAU4-40，MAU4-55，MAU4-70的的圖譜列表計(jì)算。項(xiàng)目單位數(shù)值Vkn13141516VAkn8.979.6610.3511.04PD1/273.2373.2373.2373.23N148148148148BP44.9837.3731.4526.76BP1/26.716.115.615.1775.4170.1064.9560.74MAU4-4000.5500.5760.5990.619P/D0.6360.6580.6780.708PTEhp3312.13468.33608.33732.5D4

7、.7084.6934.6574.637MAU4-5500.5330.5590.5820.603P/D0.6870.7040.7300.752PTEhp3211.23366.03506.93632.0D4.5714.5754.5424.531MAU4-7000.5140.5360.5580.578P/D0.6950.7240.7480.773PTEhp3095.53232.93362.23485.8D4.5514.5114.5094.449根據(jù)上表計(jì)算結(jié)果，可繪制對(duì)V的曲線。從PTE-V曲線與船體滿載有效馬力曲線的交點(diǎn)，可獲得不同盤面比所對(duì)應(yīng)的設(shè)計(jì)航速及螺旋槳最佳要素P/D、D及0,如下：MAU

8、4-40MAU4-55MAU4-70Vmax/kn14.6714.5314.34D/m4.6694.5594.510P/D0.67090.71710.732800.5910.5710.54474.27473.19473.3784.3 空泡校核按柏利爾空泡限界線中的商船上限線，計(jì)算不發(fā)生空泡的最小展開面積比。槳軸沉深 hs=T-ZP=5.53 p0-pv=15824.25計(jì)算溫度 t=15° pv=174 kgf/m2 PD=7385.58 hp =104.63 kgf*s2/m4項(xiàng)目單位MAU4-55MAU4-40MAU4-70Vmaxkn14.5314.6714.34VAkn5.1

9、585.2065.091(0.7ND/60)2(m/s)2610.91640.77597.98V0.7R2(m/s)2637.52667.88623.890.4740.4530.4850.1740.1700.176Tkgf424294351140930Apm27.3277.3447.145AEm28.1168.0407.946AE/AO0.4970.4700.498根據(jù)上表中的計(jì)算結(jié)果，可作出空泡校核結(jié)果圖如下：從圖中可得不發(fā)生空泡的最小盤面比，以及其所對(duì)應(yīng)的最佳螺旋槳要素如下：AE/AOP/DD0Vmax0.4860.7004.60.58114.654.4 強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算功率 Ne=5850.

10、34×0.97=5674.83 hp盤面比 Ad=AE/AO=0.486螺距比 P/D=0.700縱斜角 =8°密度 G=7.6 g/cm3螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)速 N=ne=148r/min0.66R處弦長 b0.66R =0.226DAd/(0.1Z)=1.2630.25R處弦長 b0.25R =0.7212 b0.66R =0.9110.6R處弦長 b0.6R =0.9911 b0.66R =12.52計(jì)算表格如下：項(xiàng)目單位0.25R0.6Rbm0.9111.252K1634207K2250151K31410635K4434A12405.796860.694Y34432.59689

11、63.919K58223K63412K74165K8380330A21213.7141020.000K(鋁鎳青銅）1.1791.179X0.2620.160tmm193.81193.811標(biāo)準(zhǔn)t'mm183104.2校核結(jié)果不滿足滿足實(shí)取槳厚度mm194110.5實(shí)際槳葉厚度按t1.0R=0.0035D=16.1 mm與t0.25R=194 mm連直線決定，結(jié)果如下：t0.2t0.3t0.4t0.5t0.6t0.7t0.8t0.9205.93182.07158.21134.35110.4986.6362.7738.914.5 螺距修正轂徑比不同對(duì)螺距的修正由，根據(jù)教材中圖8-40查得槳

12、軸直徑dt=375mm，轂徑dh=(1.82.1)dt =675787.5(mm)，取為785mm則轂徑比dh/D=785÷4600=0.171，故需對(duì)此項(xiàng)螺距進(jìn)行修正：(PD)B=110dhD'-dhD=0.0009葉厚比不同對(duì)螺距的修正由于實(shí)槳厚度大于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)槳厚度，故需對(duì)厚度差異進(jìn)行螺距修正.設(shè)計(jì)槳 tb0.7R=0.08660.9964*1.263=0.0688標(biāo)準(zhǔn)槳 tb0.7R=0.01710.9964*0.31075=0.05522 (取MAU4-55為基準(zhǔn)螺旋槳)1-s=VANP=0.6647tb0.7R=tb0.7設(shè)-tb0.7標(biāo)*0.550.54*0.75=0

13、.00973PDt=-2PD0(1-s)tb0.7R=-0. 009修正后的螺距比為PD=PD0+(PD)B+PDt=0.7+0.0009-0.009=0.6924.6 重量及慣性矩計(jì)算螺旋槳重量螺旋槳材料為鋁鎳青銅，重量密度=7800kgf/m³；槳葉最大寬度bmax=1.720m。(1)葉片重量(未計(jì)及填角料的重量）每片葉重量=1/3×R/10×(6)+0.166×0.02R=1710.8 kgf式中0.166×0.02R是考慮槳轂至0.2R切面間的重量。4個(gè)葉片重量=4×1710.8=6843.2 kgf(2)槳榖重量按我國船舶

14、與海洋工程設(shè)計(jì)院提出的公式計(jì)算槳榖重量Gh=2750kgf(3)螺螺旋槳總重= 6843.2+2750=9593.2 kgf轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣性矩按設(shè)計(jì)院提出的公式計(jì)算整個(gè)螺旋槳的慣性矩為92375.68 kgf·cm·s²4.7 敞水性征曲線確定由MAU4-40、MAU4-50的敞水性征曲線內(nèi)插MAU4-48.6,P/D=0.692的敞水性征數(shù)據(jù)如下：J00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7KT0.299500.271390.241870.209770.174020.133810.082420.04262KQ0.030490.028070.025470.022660.

15、019580.016110.012170.00755并得到MAU4-48.6,P/D=0.692的敞水性征曲線如下：4.8 系柱特性計(jì)算由敞水性征曲線得： 當(dāng)J=0時(shí)，KT=0.300，KQ=0.0305。 計(jì)算功率 PD=5850.34×0.97=5674.83 hp系柱推力減額分?jǐn)?shù) t0=0.04主機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩 Q=PD*60*75/2N=27475.40 kgf.m系柱推力 T=KTQ/KQD=58749.96 kgf螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)速 N=60TD4KT=122.67 r/min4.9 航行特性計(jì)算取轉(zhuǎn)速為148r/min、138r/min、128r/min 進(jìn)行計(jì)算，計(jì)算表格如下：項(xiàng)目單

16、位數(shù)據(jù)Vkn121314151617VAm/s4.2594.6144.9695.3245.6796.034148r/minJ0.3750.4070.4380.4690.5000.532KT0.1830.1720.1600.1480.1340.118KQ0.02040.01940.01830.01720.01610.0149PTEhp348635353550351133953170PShp569054025112481044984166138r/minJ0.4030.4360.4700.5030.5370.570KT0.1730.1610.1470.1320.1150.098KQ0.01950.

17、01840.01720.01600.01470.0134PTEhp286128802841273825372285PShp440941603891362133323037128r/minJ0.4340.4700.5060.5430.5790.615KT0.1610.1470.1310.1120.0930.076KQ0.01840.01720.01590.01450.01310.0115PTEhp229722702174198917611524PShp333031052870261723572079將上述計(jì)算結(jié)果繪成圖4.9.1，并從得到航行特性總結(jié)。由圖可得：（1）壓載航行時(shí)最大航速Vmax=15.55 kn,主機(jī)馬力PS=4641.7 hp；（2） 110超載航行時(shí)最大航速Vmax=14.27 kn,主機(jī)馬力PS=5031.0 hp；（3）滿載航行，N=148 r/min時(shí)，最大航速Vmax=14.63 kn,主機(jī)馬力 PS=492