南海海洋資源

1、Lets get closer to the South China Sea美哉我南海！ Abundant Natural ResourcesRESERVE The United States Energy Information Administration has estimated that 11 billion barrels of oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas lie below the seabed, including both proven and probable reserves. If those estim

2、ates prove correct, the South China Sea would be in the same league as Mexico, a midsize producer, and in the global top 10 in terms of gas. The Second Persian GulfEconomic Value The South China Sea is far from virgin territory. But so far, exploration and production of oil and gas have been confine

3、d mainly to waters off the coasts of China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, which form the seas perimeter along with Taiwan. The Energy Information Administration estimates that in 2015, South China Sea production by these countries amounted to 1.2 million barrels a day of oil and 3,2

4、00 billion cubic feet of natural gas. These numbers are roughly similar to the current crude production of North Dakota and to Saudi Arabias annual gas production in 2016.Economic Value Optimistic Chinese estimates of the South China Sea regions oil potential, however, have helped encourage interest

5、 in the area. The most optimistic estimate suggests that potential oil resources (not proved reserves) of the Spratly and Paracel Islands could be as high as 105 billion barrels of oil, and that the total for the South China Sea could be as high as 213 billion barrels. A common rule-of-thumb for suc

6、h frontier areas as the Spratly Islands Sea is that perhaps 10% of the potential resources can be economically recovered. Even using this rule, Chinese estimates imply potential production levels for the Spratly Islands of 1.9 million barrels/day. combustible ice LOREMLOREMCombustible ice is known a

7、s natural gas hydrate。it is white solid fuel that methane and water from at the bottom of the sea under high pressure , and can be directly ignited. 1 cubic meters of combustible ice can release 160180 cubic meters of natural gas, its energy density is 10 times as large as coal, and combustion does

8、not produce any residue and waste gas2011, China officially launched a special study about combustible ice, ocean six do a precise measurement for the finded sea1China once again opened drill to obtain new samples, proven reserves。2In February 1, 2014, the law of natural gas hydrate accumulation in

9、the South China Sea and the exploration of the basic research system of natural gas hydrate in the South China Sea was established through the acceptance。3THE DEVELOPING HISTORY 11 combustible ice ore mining area seam average effective thickness of about 20 metersPART1a total area of about 22 square

10、 kilometersPART1forecast reserves of about 19 billion 400 million cubic metersPART1 China to exploit combustible ice in South China Sea in 2017New plans are being worked out by Chinese authorities to exploit so-called combustible ice in the South China Sea in 2017.The suggestion has been made at an

11、international conference on Gas Hydrates here in Beijing.Zhang Haiqi is a director with the China Geological Survey.China is one of the few countries with great prospects for the resource in the world. There are about 10-billion tons of oil equivalent on both the land and sea, which is equal to the

12、total amount of oil and natural gas reserves in China.Combustible ice is essentially solidified methane.Originally only thought to be found on the outer reaches of the solar system, scientists have since discovered significant pockets of combustible ice underneath the worlds sea beds. One cubic mete

13、r of combustible ice has the energy equivalent of over 160 cubic meters of natural gas. The initial plan is to begin exploiting combustible ice in the South China Sea in the next 3-years. Marine biological resources in the South China Sea Current situation of marine biological resources in the South

14、 China Sea: The South China Sea is in the tropical area of Chinas four largest territorial waters, is one of the worlds marine biodiversity is the most representative of the sea, has been recorded more than 4000 kinds of various types of marine organisms. They are not only ornamental, but also has a

15、 very high ecological value and economic value. But a large number of the South China Sea marine biological resources, at present only use a few of them, most of the species have not yet found their use value. Classification of marine biological resources in the South China Sea：Marine fish resources

16、 Marine Software animal resourcesMarine plantsMarine crustaceanMarine mammal鳀科（Engraulidae）鯡科（Clupeidae）鯖科（Scombridae）鲹科（Carangidae）鱈科魚類鯨目海牛目Man and the sea should be in harmony wind powertide energy Salinity Gradient Energy Conversion (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion). It is shown that salinity- gr

17、adient, vapor-pressure p. gradients as having the greatest energy density and potential for conversion擱置爭議lay the disputes aside共同開發(fā)exploit together主權(quán)在我make the decisionsThe South China Sea Arbitration Japan is planning on upping its activities in the South China Sea through joint training patrols with the United States and exercises with regional navies, Japanese Defense Minister Tomomi Inada said.C