中考英語(yǔ)考前知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

1、中考英語(yǔ)考前知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理一、 冠詞1. 第一次提到用a/an, 再次提到用the.2. 輔音前用a;元音前用an.3. as、so、too、how +形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞。 4. 不定冠詞 + 副詞 + 形容詞 + 名詞：This is a very interesting story.5. such、what、quite、rather +不定冠詞+形容詞+名詞。the用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞、序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)、由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。6. the用于帶介詞的方位名詞前、play后的西洋樂(lè)器名詞之前。7. the用在某些形容詞前，表某一類人或事物8. the用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，

2、表示某某夫婦或某某一家人9. 在“the + 比較級(jí) + the + 比較級(jí)”句型中，表示“越越”。10. 用在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。in the morning 在早上，on the whole 大體上，to tell you the truth 老實(shí)說(shuō)，at the same time 同時(shí)，in the past 過(guò)去，on the radio 通過(guò)廣播， to the point 中肯11. 稱呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。12. 下列名詞前常用零冠詞：月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲，呼語(yǔ)、頭銜、職務(wù)前；三餐、球類、慣用語(yǔ)，學(xué)科、棋類名詞前。13. 名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this,

3、 that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞14. 某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞15. 在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, on time, from morning till night 等。16. 不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指時(shí)用零冠詞二、 名詞1. 名詞的數(shù)：advice; information, news; German- Germans; Englishman- E

4、nglishmen; women doctors; ten-minutes walk; an 8-year-old girl; a ten-mile walk; people, police; compasses; glasses; trousers; clothes; physics; maths; fish; furniture2. 名詞的所有格：Childrens Day; a friend of my fathers3. 主謂一致：（一）集體名詞做主語(yǔ)集體名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞情況有三種有些集體名詞如cattle、folk 、people 、youth 、police等常做復(fù)數(shù)看。Th

5、e police have caught the murderer.有些集體名詞（表示總稱）如machinery、stationery, merchandise （商品） 、foliage（樹(shù)和植物葉子的總稱）等看作單數(shù)。New machinery is being installed in the factory.有些集體名詞如army, audience、class、club, committee、company, crowd, family、group, government, jury, party, staff, team, union, public 、poultry等根據(jù)意思決定

6、，有時(shí)做單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)做復(fù)數(shù)看待。The committee meet every Monday. He is on the committee that controls public spending.（二）單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，要根據(jù)意義決定謂語(yǔ)的形式。This means of transportation is the most convenient one.There are various means of transportation being developed. （三）成雙成對(duì)的東西的名詞表成雙成對(duì)的東西的名詞，若被a pair of修飾，要求單數(shù)

7、謂語(yǔ)；否則，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)形式。A pair of gloves is a nice present.My shoes need repairing.My trousers want mending.（四）表示時(shí)間、重量 、長(zhǎng)度、距離、價(jià)值等單位的名詞做主語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、重量 、長(zhǎng)度、距離、價(jià)值等單位的名詞以及概念上屬于整體的一個(gè)單元的名詞雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。Ten years is only a moment in history.Two copies is enough.Three hours is not a long time to wait.（五）表數(shù)量名詞做主語(yǔ)num

8、ber、variety、proportion、majority、population、percent 、 total等詞有時(shí)做單數(shù)，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，從意思上決定。（分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、部分）20 percentage of the polluted water goes into the sea.20 percentage of the families say that they enjoy watching this TV program.（六）不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞前加表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面跟復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。There are two cups of coffee.Here are several

9、pieces of valuable information for you to refer to / make reference to.（七）書(shū)名、電影名或格言等專有名詞做主語(yǔ)如果主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)的名字、電影的名字或一個(gè)格言等專有名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！癎one with the Wind” is an interesting novel.“The Scent of a Woman” is an awarded film.No Pains, No Gains is a widely quoted proverb.（八）學(xué)科名詞做主語(yǔ)表示學(xué)科名稱的名詞如physics, mathematics

10、, economics, politics, electronics, 做主語(yǔ)，雖然形式上以 結(jié)尾，但應(yīng)為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。In my opinion, physics is a difficult subject.Politics is an interesting topic for many men.（九）表示疾病的名詞做主語(yǔ)表疾病名稱的名詞如diabetes, tuberculosis, measles等做主語(yǔ)，雖然形式上以 結(jié)尾，但應(yīng)為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。Diabetes is considered a disease that belongs to the wealthy

11、/the rich. （富貴?。㏕uberculosis is no longer threatening peoples life.（十）就近/毗鄰一致原則（1）There 或here引起的句子中主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)就近一致。（2）就近/毗鄰一致原則 由or、eitheror 或neithernor、not only、but also、not,but等連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)就近一致。（十一）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)的情況（1）Many a /More than one所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。 Many a brave soldier has died in that battle.More

12、 than one question has been raised in the lecture.（2）Either/neither做主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)。Either of the methods is effective.Neither of the roads leads to the town.（3）each、some、any、no、every等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞，都作單數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)，但反義疑問(wèn)句中用復(fù)數(shù)。There is somebody on the phone for you.Nobody was working when I came in.Every

13、thing is all right.Each is given a copy of the book.（4）主語(yǔ)中包括“and”時(shí)，若表示一個(gè)單一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)做單數(shù)。加：(and 連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞前面如有each、every， many a， no等)The poet and writer has come.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Every man and woman is eager to find a life-long companion.（5）主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，后面盡管有with、together、with 、along

14、with 、besides 、as well as 等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。The teacher, together with some of her students , was cleaning the classroom.We as well as he agree with you. （6）None在代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)總是單數(shù).I am afraid that we cant have coffee; there is none left.None of +名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞總是用單數(shù)。None of us is interested in the suggestion.N

15、one of the students has passed the exam.（十二）one of+名詞/代詞做主語(yǔ)"one of+賓語(yǔ)"后的定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式有兩種情況： (only) one of +賓語(yǔ) that+復(fù)數(shù) the(only)one of +賓語(yǔ) that+單數(shù)He is only one of the students in our class who have passed the CET-4.He is the one of the students in our class who has passed the CET-6.（十三）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

16、多用復(fù)數(shù)的情況（1）由bothand連接的兩個(gè)部分總是作復(fù)數(shù)看待。Both my mother and father are satisfied with my job.Both John and Jack have ever got a summer job.（2）the +adj（或過(guò)去分詞）表一類人需作復(fù)數(shù)看待。The old need our care.The wounded are being taken good care of.The young are our countrys hope.The injured were sent to the hospital immedia

17、tely.（3）ch、sh、-ese等結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)籍的詞，也作復(fù)數(shù)看待。The British are very fond of their sense of humor.The French are well-known for their romance.The Chinese are famous for their hospitality.（十四）The rest of +名詞/代詞做主語(yǔ)The rest of +名詞/代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種情況：1）The rest of +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。2）The rest of +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

18、3）The rest of +不可數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。（十五）what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，一般用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)。若從句謂語(yǔ)或從句后表語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)形式。What he has told me is not true.What ideas he has are his wifes.（十六）動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)& 名詞從句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，不定式短語(yǔ)和名詞從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Collecting foreign coins is my favorite hobby.To die for the people is a glorious deat

19、h.When they will come hasnt been made public.三、 數(shù)詞考點(diǎn)1：hundred, thousand, million, billion（1）與具體數(shù)詞one, two, several, some, any連用時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式；five hundred people（2）與of連用時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能再加數(shù)詞；hundreds of people成百上千, 考點(diǎn)2：分?jǐn)?shù)的表示：分子基、分母序、分子大于1，分母加s 考點(diǎn)3：年代和歲數(shù)的表達(dá)：（1）年代，in the 1960s(或in the 1960s) 20世紀(jì)60年代；（2）歲數(shù)，in ones

20、thirties 在某人30多歲時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)4：another+基數(shù)詞+名=基數(shù)詞+more+名考點(diǎn)5：序數(shù)詞前the時(shí)，表示“第幾”；序數(shù)詞前加a/an時(shí)，表示“又一、另一”?？键c(diǎn)6：倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法（1）A is N times greater （longer, more，）than B.即：倍數(shù)+形容詞（或副詞）的比較級(jí)+than（2）A is N times as great（long, much，）as B. 即：倍數(shù)+as+形容詞（或 much）或副詞+as（3）A is N times the size （length, amount，）of B.即：倍數(shù)+the size（length

21、，height）of四、 介詞一、表示地理位置的介詞：(1)at ,in, on, toat (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁邊”in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。(2)above, over, on 在上above 在上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對(duì)；over垂直的上方,與under相對(duì),且over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。On表示某物體上面并與之接觸。(3)below, under 在下面under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 (4) 在之前/ 后:before-(opp) after在眼前、面前、背后。常與抽象概念連用。

22、暗示在地位，威望等方面相對(duì)高（低）in front of- in the front of-(5) 表示“在之間”的介詞：between, among, in the middle of between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間；among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。In the middle of 正中的位置-in the center of 在核心的位二、表示時(shí)間的介詞：(1)in , on，at 在時(shí)in表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。on表示具體某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。 注意：

23、在last, next, this, that, some, every 等詞之前一律不用介詞。如：We meet every day.(5) Ago, beforeago主要用于表示時(shí)間，時(shí)態(tài)：過(guò)去時(shí)before 用于表示時(shí)間時(shí)，常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，如：She had been away before he was there. 也可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。She has been away for three years.(2)in, after 在之后“in +段時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的一段時(shí)間以后；My mother will come back in three or four days.“aft

24、er+段時(shí)間”表示過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間以后；He arrived after five months.“after+將來(lái)點(diǎn)時(shí)間”表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻以后。Shell leave after five oclock this afternoon. (3)from, since 自從from僅說(shuō)明何時(shí)開(kāi)始，不說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久:He studied the piano from the age of 3since表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說(shuō)話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。They have lived here since 1978.(4) after, behind 在之后after主要用于表示時(shí)間：We s

25、hall leave after lunch.behind主要用于表示位置：Lucy is hiding behind an old house.三、表運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞：across表示橫過(guò),即從物體表面通過(guò):She swam across the river.through穿過(guò),即從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)，與in有關(guān)：He walked through the forest.by/ past旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)over 從上空越過(guò)四、表示方式方法手段(1)by 以方法、手段或泛指某種交通工具：He makes a living by selling newspapers.(2)with 表用工具、手段，一般接具體的

26、工具和手段：He broke the window with a stone.(3)in 表示用方式，用語(yǔ)言(語(yǔ)調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等：The foreigner spoke to us in English.(4)through 用某種方法，手段，經(jīng)由: I got to know this writer through a friend.五、在某方面(1)At (能力，造詣): be good / bad/ expert at(2)in 在某一領(lǐng)域、 方面：be interested in / succeed in / have difficulty in/ have trouble in/

27、spend六、論述、關(guān)于(1)on 表這本書(shū)，這篇文章或演說(shuō)是嚴(yán)肅的，或?qū)W術(shù)性的，可供專門研究這一問(wèn)題的人閱讀；(2)about表示內(nèi)容較為普通，不那么正式。He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.(3) of ； 一般比較粗略的提及，聽(tīng)說(shuō)，想起：hear of , think of , remind sb of , tell sb of , hear of七、伴隨的介詞(1)with : with +名詞+adj/ done/ doing / adv/ 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)/ to do (2)without: without+名詞+

28、adj/ done/ doing / adv/ 介詞結(jié)構(gòu)/ to do八、表示原因的介詞與介詞詞組(1)because of 可以與owing to ,as result of , on account of ,thanks to 互換使用(2) for 側(cè)重情感或行為產(chǎn)生的依據(jù)，或因此帶來(lái)的后果(3)of 直接原因。From直接原因die of cancer/ die from road accident九、except, besides 除了五、 代詞1. 主格、賓格；形容詞性物主代詞，名詞性物主代詞2. one, it, that3. some, any4. many; much5. t

29、oo much; much too6. little, a little與 few, a few7. each; every8. both; all9. onethe other; someothers; another; other10. 復(fù)合不定代詞something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody相當(dāng)于名詞，不能作定語(yǔ)。something與 anything的區(qū)別同 some與any的區(qū)別。特別注意形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)一定要放在它們的后面。六、 連詞考點(diǎn)1.就近原則：考點(diǎn)2：主將

30、從現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)3：轉(zhuǎn)折；順接；原因；讓步；目的；結(jié)果;比較1. but; however2. and3. because- because of 4. although5. in order (not)to; in order that; so as (not)to6. so that; so that= too to = enough to 7. asas8. whether, if考點(diǎn)4：?？急嫖?. so + adj. + a/ an +n2. such+ a/an+ adj. + n.3. if; whether4. when; while七、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1. must; mustnt; ca

31、nt; neednt2. can3. may4. need5. had better6. would rather7. ought to; should8. used to八、 動(dòng)詞1. 系動(dòng)詞：2. 動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞A、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ) 1)tell / ask / want sb to do否定式：tell/ask/want sb not to do 2)省to不定式作賓補(bǔ)：記憶口訣：一感二聽(tīng)三使四看 - 一感；feel 二聽(tīng)：hear,listen to 三使：make ,let ,have 四看：look at, see, watch, notice。使用口訣：十大動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to

32、來(lái)to 去令人猜。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to 離開(kāi)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to 回來(lái)。 動(dòng)詞help要除外，to詞可來(lái)可不來(lái)。 注意：在改作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)省去的to應(yīng)還原B、動(dòng)詞不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別1.(hope; learn; decide; want=would like;) to do2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing8.介詞+doingeg. 1)What/ How about doing 2)be good at doing3.瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化buyhave ; borrowkeep ; diebe dead ; leavebe away (fr

33、om); come backbe back; fall asleepbe asleep ; openbe open ; catch a coldhave a cold; go /get outbe out; arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地點(diǎn)be in+地點(diǎn)；joinbe in +集體（或be + 成員）；turn onbe on; turn offbe off ;get a letter fromhave a letter from.end /finishbe over ; get upbe up ; 4.易混動(dòng)詞1. used to do sth和b

34、e used to doing sthbe used to doing sth表示習(xí)慣做某事，to后的動(dòng)詞用-ing形式；used to do sth表示過(guò)去常常做某事。2. arrive, get和reach表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)的區(qū)別arrive in + 大地方，arrive at + 小地方，get to +地點(diǎn)名詞，reach是及物動(dòng)詞后面可直接跟地點(diǎn)名詞。3. borrow, lend和keepborrow“借”為終止性動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)“借入”，常用短語(yǔ)borrow sth from sb.;lend“借”為終止性動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)“借出”，常用短語(yǔ)lend sth to sb.;keep“保存

35、；借”，為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地借”4. dress, put on和weardress sb. 給某人穿衣服；dress sb. up打扮某人；put on 穿上，戴上，表示動(dòng)作；wear穿著，戴著，表示狀態(tài)。5. see, look, watch和readsee“看見(jiàn)”，表示結(jié)果；look“看”，表示動(dòng)作，不及物動(dòng)詞，后面須加介詞at 才能跟賓語(yǔ)；watch “看（比賽、電視）”；read“看（書(shū)、報(bào)）”，表示閱讀。6. bring, take, carry 和fetchbring“帶來(lái)，拿來(lái)”，表示“拿到靠近說(shuō)話人的地方”；take“拿去，帶走”表示“拿到遠(yuǎn)離說(shuō)話人的地方”；carr

36、y “扛，搬”用力移動(dòng)，沒(méi)有方向；fetch“去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿物”。7. die, dead, death, dyingdie意為“死”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，終止性動(dòng)詞；dead意為“死的”，形容詞，表示狀態(tài)；death意為“死”，名詞；dying意為“垂死的，要死的”，形容詞。8. speak, say, talk 和tellspeak作為及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)接表示語(yǔ)言的名詞或指在會(huì)議上發(fā)言；say常跟直接引語(yǔ)或間接引語(yǔ)，并且表示說(shuō)的內(nèi)容； talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞，常跟介詞to和with，意為“同某人談話”，也表示具有說(shuō)話能力；tell意為“告訴”，與story連用意為“講故事”。9. spend

37、, cost ，take 和payspend 花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢，后接on sth.或 (in) doing; cost 物作主語(yǔ)，意義為“值多少錢”；take可用固定句型表花費(fèi)金錢、時(shí)間，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It + takes +時(shí)間/金錢 + to do ; pay與介詞for連用。10. wear, be in, put on, have on 和dress oneselfwear強(qiáng)調(diào)穿著的狀態(tài)，與“be in”同義；put on 強(qiáng)調(diào)穿的動(dòng)作；have on 意為“穿著”，同樣強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；dress oneself意為“某人自己穿衣服”。11. look for 和find兩者都有“找”的意思。lo

38、ok for強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過(guò)程，而find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果。12. hung和hanged兩個(gè)詞同為hang的過(guò)去分詞，hung意為“懸掛”，而hanged意為“吊死、絞死”。13. listen to和hearlisten to和hear都有“聽(tīng)”的意思。listen 為不及物動(dòng)詞，與to組成固定搭配，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作；hear強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果。14. lose, forget和leavelose意為“丟失”，“失去”；forget意為“忘記”，忘記做某事為forget to do sth.; leave sth. + 地點(diǎn)，意為“把某事落在某處”。15. turn, get, grow和becometur

39、n一般用于顏色的變化，如: turn red / turn yellow; 天變黑要用get或 grow；天氣變暖或變冷，用become或get；天變長(zhǎng)或變短一般用get。16. join, jion in, take part in 和attend三個(gè)詞都有“參加”的意思。join一般指加入“黨派”或“組織”，如參軍、入黨等；jion in一般指參加游戲，派對(duì)等；take part in 指參加聚會(huì)或活動(dòng)；attend一般指出席會(huì)議。17. think of, think about, think overthink of意為“想到”；think about意為“考慮”， 賓語(yǔ)it或 the

40、m置后；think over 意為“仔細(xì)考慮”，賓語(yǔ)it或them放在中間，一般指考慮問(wèn)題。18. lose, fail, beat和winlose意為“輸給某人”，固定搭配為lose to sb.; fail是“失敗”或“未做成某事”；beat意為“打敗”，后接sb.或某支隊(duì)伍；win意為“贏得”，如，贏得榮譽(yù)、地位、比賽等。九、 賓語(yǔ)從句一 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞（一）語(yǔ)法鏈接1.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由陳述句變來(lái)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞要用that，that無(wú)意義，在非正式文體中常省略。2.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由一般疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞要用if/whether“是否”。3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)時(shí)，要用原來(lái)的疑問(wèn)代詞或

41、疑問(wèn)副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。4. 賓語(yǔ)從句在介詞之后，或者與or not 連用時(shí)，通常用whether不用if。二 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序（一）語(yǔ)法鏈接:賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句語(yǔ)序，即：引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它或者是引導(dǎo)詞（作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)）+謂語(yǔ)+其它。三 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際使用合適的時(shí)態(tài)。2.當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用過(guò)去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。3.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是普遍真理時(shí)，無(wú)論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。四 賓語(yǔ)從句與直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)總體上屬于賓語(yǔ)從句的范疇，直接引語(yǔ)是引用別人的原話，間接引語(yǔ)是轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，直接引語(yǔ)變間接

42、引語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)從句的變化規(guī)則基本一致，除了應(yīng)該注意賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)序三大方面外，還要特別注意人稱、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等的變化。十、 狀語(yǔ)從句1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：主將從現(xiàn)；when/while2. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句(1)條件狀語(yǔ)從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。(2)在條件狀語(yǔ)從句里，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)4. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(1)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由sothat, suchthat, so that引導(dǎo)。(2)sot

43、hat語(yǔ)such.that可以互換。例如：在由so.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是: “.so + 形容詞（副詞）+ that + 從句”。在由suchthat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。5. 比較狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句通常由asas, 比較級(jí) + than等連詞引導(dǎo)。6. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句(1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由 so that, in order that引導(dǎo)。2)so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

44、。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個(gè)：1)目的狀語(yǔ)從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語(yǔ)從句往往表示的目的很明確。7. 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由although, though等連詞引導(dǎo)。 (2)although(though)不能用在同一個(gè)句子中。8. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常常由where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。十一、 反義疑問(wèn)句1. 如果陳述句的主語(yǔ)是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)， 反義疑問(wèn)句一般都用they. Everybody is her

45、e， arent they?2. 如果陳述句含有表示否定意義的副詞never, hardly, seldom, nowhere, scarcely, rarely等或者代詞little,few, nothing, nobody等時(shí)，陳述句為否定句，反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式。You have never come late to school, have you?3. 如果陳述句中的否定詞是通過(guò)加否定前綴變來(lái)的，陳述句仍按肯定句處理，反義疑問(wèn)句用否定形式。The meeting is unimportant, isnt it?4. 如果陳述句是“Im”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句用arent I。5. 如果

46、陳述句是“There be”句型，反意疑問(wèn)句也借助there。There is a tall tree in front of your house, isnt there? 你家房前有一棵大樹(shù)，是嗎？6. 如果陳述句是含有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致。Tom said (that) all the students in their class studied Chinese very hard, didnt he?是嗎？ She thinks (that) I am better at learning languages

47、 than anyone else in Class 5, doesnt she?是嗎？ 注意：(1)如果陳述句的主句是I think/believe/suppose/guess等時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往與that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致，此時(shí)要特別注意否定前移的情況，這就是所謂的“反賓不反主”。 I think (that) it will be fine tomorrow, wont it?/I dont believe that she will come to help us, will she?7. 如果陳述句含有表示“擁有”含義的have, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ough

48、t to , 以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí)， 反義疑問(wèn)句有兩種形式：You have a new computer, havent you/ dont you?Father used to smoke a lot, usednt he/ didnt he?8. 如陳述句含有neednt, 反義疑問(wèn)句常用need, 也可用must; He neednt do it right now, need/must he?如陳述句含有mustnt, 反義疑問(wèn)句用must,You mustnt drive too fast, must you?如陳述句含有must(必須);反義疑問(wèn)句要用mustnt.You

49、 must work hard, mustnt you?如陳述句含有must（想必），反義疑問(wèn)句要根據(jù)具體情況。對(duì)現(xiàn)存事實(shí)的推測(cè)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推測(cè)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；對(duì)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的事實(shí)的推測(cè)用一般完成時(shí)態(tài).You must be very thirsty, arent you?/ You must have watched TV last night, didnt you?He must be playing basketball on the play ground at this time yesterday, wasnt he?You must have read this story