主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)

1、anize rnaz 組織 2.respectrspekt 尊重3. observe bzv 觀察4.inspire nspa 激勵 5. support spt 支持6. look down upon看不起7.deliverdlv 接生，投遞8. discussdsks 討論9.equipkwp 配備10.export kspt; ek-; ek- 出口11.confuse knfjuz 使疑惑12.encourage nkrd; en-鼓勵英語的兩大語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)英語的兩大語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)A.A.主動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者。賓語是謂語動詞的對象。主動語

2、態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的發(fā)出者。賓語是謂語動詞的對象。B.B.被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者被動語態(tài)中主語是謂語動詞的承受者( (動作的對象動作的對象) )。 ( (把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)也就是把把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)也就是把主動句中的賓語主動句中的賓語改為改為被動句的被動句的主語主語，這是最關(guān)鍵的著眼點這是最關(guān)鍵的著眼點，同時謂語動詞作相應(yīng)的變化。，同時謂語動詞作相應(yīng)的變化。) )被動語態(tài)的謂語構(gòu)成:助動詞助動詞bebe動詞過去動詞過去分詞分詞什么時候要用被動語態(tài)呢？在下列三種情況之一要用被動語態(tài)：不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，用被動語態(tài)。沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，用被動語態(tài)。需要強調(diào)動作的承受

3、者時，用被動語態(tài)主動句中謂語動詞的發(fā)出者由by引出，作為by的賓語，也可以省略。請看以下主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換：主動語態(tài):主語謂語賓語被動語態(tài):例： We clean our classroom every day. （主動）注意把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。如上把主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，句子的時態(tài)不能變。如上 例，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也例，所給的主動句子是一般現(xiàn)在時，改為被動語態(tài)時，也 要用一般現(xiàn)在時。要用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞如果主動句中的主語是人稱代詞，改為被動句時作介詞 byby的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中

4、的主語的賓語，要用賓格。如上例中的主語wewe改為改為usus。主語主語 by+賓語賓語be+過去分詞過去分詞Our classroom is cleaned by us every day（被動）各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表各種時態(tài)的主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對照表這些專家在他們業(yè)余時間經(jīng)常組織音樂會。These experts often organize concerts in their spare time.Concerts are organized by these expert in their spare time.我將尊重你的建議（為了我們的工程）。 I wi

5、ll respect your suggestions (for our project).Your suggestions will be respected by me (for our project).這個生物老師昨天在實驗室里觀察螞蟻。This biology teacher observed ants in the lab yesterday.Ants were observed by this biology teacher in the lab yesterday.這些教授們正在討論這個項目。These professors are discussing this projec

6、t.This project are being discussed by these professors.昨天八點一個老師和他的學(xué)生在打掃教室。A teacher and his students were cleaning the classroom at 8 oclock yesterday.The classroom was being cleaned by a teacher and his students at 8 oclock yesterday.在我來之前，她已經(jīng)給教室配備了電腦。Before I came here, she had equipped the classr

7、oom with computers.Before I came here, the classroom had been equipped with computers.Was builthas been visitedwill be givenare being donehasnt been sentwas usedhappenedwill be completedhave taken place; was foundedbeen laughed atare needed在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題在上面我們已經(jīng)初步了解了被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和主動變被動的方法。下面在上面我們已經(jīng)初步了解了被動語態(tài)的

8、構(gòu)成和主動變被動的方法。下面我們接著學(xué)習(xí)在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題。我們接著學(xué)習(xí)在被動語態(tài)中要注意的問題。一些使役動詞(let, have, make等)或感觀動詞(see, hear, watch,notice等)在主動語態(tài)中后面接的動詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動語態(tài)時，要補上to。如：The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.I saw him enter the house. He was seen to enter the

9、house by me.The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day.注意當使用當使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，時，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時， doin

10、gdoing保持不變。如：保持不變。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主動) He was seen going into the shop.(被動) 使役動詞和感觀動詞主被動語態(tài)對照表go 含有短語的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說，只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，因為只有及物動詞才有承受者。但許多不及物動詞加上副詞或介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語也相當于及物動詞的用法，可以帶賓語，因而也有被動語態(tài)。動詞短語主要有三種：A 及物動詞+副詞 如： turn off 、 set up 、 carry out 、 put off 、take away 、 turn on 、 hand in 、

11、 move away 、 pass on 、 write down 、put away 、 put on 、 take down 、send away 、 try on 、 put down 、sell out 、 hold on 、 try out 、 send up 、 take off 、 wear out 、wake up 、take out 、dress up 、 give back 、 work out 、 get back 、 find out 、pick up 、give up 、 pull up 、 put up 等B 不及物動詞+介詞 如： look after talk

12、about play with等 C.“動詞+名詞+介詞” 構(gòu)成的短語。如： take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等動詞短語是不可分割的整體，在變被動語態(tài)時，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動詞短語的副詞或介詞。請看下面的例子：They set up the factory in 2000. The factory was set up in 2000.Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December. The School Sports meeting will be put off

13、until December.People have talked about the accident . The accident has been talked about.You should pay more attention to your study this year. Your study should be paid more attention to this year.帶有介詞或副詞的動詞短語，在改為被動語態(tài)時，不能把介詞或副詞拆開。帶有雙賓語的被動結(jié)構(gòu)在句中的使用。 有些動詞可以帶兩個賓語，即指人的間賓和指物的直賓?？梢詫⑵渲幸粋€賓語提到前面做主語，另一個留在后面。

14、Her parents bought her a new computer yesterday. She was bought a new computer yesterday. A new computer was bought for her yesterday.They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me.She will write a long letter to David Smith. A long let

15、ter will be written to David Smith. David Smith will be written a long letter. buy sth for sbgive sth to sb帶雙賓語的動詞主要有以下幾個：帶雙賓語的動詞主要有以下幾個：give, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, sendgive, buy, sell, take, bring, make, hand, pass, keep, send等帶雙賓語等帶雙賓語的動詞，改為被動語態(tài)，當用直接賓語作主語時，要根據(jù)動詞的習(xí)的動詞，改為被動

16、語態(tài)，當用直接賓語作主語時，要根據(jù)動詞的習(xí)慣配搭、要在間接賓語前補上介詞慣配搭、要在間接賓語前補上介詞toto或或for.for.它們的句型主要有以下幾個：它們的句型主要有以下幾個：give sth to sb=give sb sthgive sth to sb=give sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthbuy sth for sb=buy sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthsell sth to sb=sell sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sthtake sth to sb=take sb sthbri

17、ng sth to sb=bring sb sthbring sth to sb=bring sb sth make sth for sb=make sb sthmake sth for sb=make sb sthhand sth to sb=hand sb sthhand sth to sb=hand sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthpass sth to sb=pass sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sthkeep sth for sb=keep sb sth send sth to sb=send sb sth send s

18、th to sb=send sb sth 例：例：He passed me some paper.(He passed me some paper.(主動主動) ) Some paper was passed to me by him. Some paper was passed to me by him.（被動）（被動）You must keep some fruit for him.(You must keep some fruit for him.(主動主動) ) Some fruit must be kept for him. Some fruit must be kept for him.（被動）（被動）三、一些特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)三、一些特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.:The food tastes delicious. The music sounds very familiar to me.e.g.: My watch cant work, it needs repairing. This film is really worth seeing.