醫(yī)學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)英文詞匯翻譯

1、醫(yī)學(xué)細(xì)胞生物學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯acrocentric chromosome近端著絲粒染色體actin肌動(dòng)蛋白actin filament肌動(dòng)蛋白絲actinomycin D放線菌素 Dactivator活化物active transport主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸adenine腺嘌呤adenosine monophosphate, AMP腺苷一磷酸 , 腺苷酸adenyl cyclase, AC腺苷酸環(huán)化酶adhesion plaque黏著斑agranular endoplasmic reticulum無(wú)顆粒內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)Alzheimer disease阿爾茨海默病amino acid氨基酸aminoacyl site

2、, A site氨基酰位， A 位amitosis; direct division無(wú)絲分裂；直接分裂a(bǔ)mphipathic molecule雙型性分子anaphase后期anchoring junction錨定連接annular granule孔環(huán)顆粒anticoding strand反編碼鏈antigen抗原antiparallel逆平行性apoptic body凋亡小體apoptosis凋亡assembly組裝aster星體asymmetry不對(duì)稱性autolysis自溶作用autophagolysosome autophagy autoradiography autosomeB lym

3、phocyte bacteria base substitution belt desmosome bioblast biological macromolecule biomembrane biotechnology bivalent breakage cadherin calmodulin, CaM cAMP cAMP-dependent protein kinase capping carrier protein cat cry syndrome cell division cycle gene cell cell and molecular biology cell biology c

4、ell coat; glycocalyx cell culture cell cycle cell cycle-regulating protein自噬性溶酶體 自噬作用 放射自顯影技術(shù) 常染色體B淋巴細(xì)胞 細(xì)菌 堿基替換 帶狀橋粒 生命小體 生物大分子 生物膜 生物技術(shù) 二價(jià)體 斷裂 鈣粘連素 鈣調(diào)蛋白 環(huán)一磷酸腺苷 環(huán)一磷酸腺苷依賴型蛋白激酶 戴帽 載體蛋白 貓叫綜合癥CDC基因 細(xì)胞 細(xì)胞分子生物學(xué) 細(xì)胞生物學(xué) 細(xì)胞衣；糖萼 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) 細(xì)胞周期 細(xì)胞周期調(diào)節(jié)蛋白cell cycle time細(xì)胞周期時(shí)間cell determination細(xì)胞決定cell differentiation細(xì)

5、胞分化cell division cycle, CDC細(xì)胞分裂周期cell division cycle gene, CDC gene細(xì)胞分裂周期基因cell engineering細(xì)胞工程cell fractionation細(xì)胞分級(jí)分離cell fusion細(xì)胞融合cell junction細(xì)胞連接cell line細(xì)胞系cell membrane; plasma membrane細(xì)胞膜；質(zhì)膜cell plate細(xì)胞板cell proliferation細(xì)胞增殖cell recognition細(xì)胞識(shí)別cell surface antigen細(xì)胞表面抗原cell theory細(xì)胞學(xué)說(shuō)cell

6、strain細(xì)胞株cell aging細(xì)胞衰老cell synchronization細(xì)胞同步化cellular oxidation細(xì)胞氧化cellular respiration細(xì)胞呼吸c(diǎn)entral granule中央顆粒centromere著絲粒chalone抑素channel protein通道蛋白chemiosmotic hypothesis化學(xué)滲透假說(shuō)chiasmata交叉cholesterol膽固醇chromatid染色單體chromatin染色質(zhì)chromomere染色粒chromosome染色體chromosome arm染色體臂chromosome banding染色體帶c

7、hromosome disease染色體病chromosome engineering染色體工程chromosome scaffold染色體支架chromosome syndrome染色體綜合癥cis Golgi network順面高爾基網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)cisterna (pl. cisternae )扁平囊clathrin籠蛋白clone克隆coated pit有被小窩coated vesicle包被小泡coding strand編碼鏈codon密碼子codon degeneracy密碼子兼并性coenzyme輔酶collagenfibronectin, FN纖連蛋白communication ju

8、nction通訊連接complementation互補(bǔ)性condensation stage凝集期confocal laser scanning microscope共焦激光掃描顯微鏡connexin連接子constitutive heterochromatin結(jié)構(gòu)異染色質(zhì)continuous microtubules極微管converting enzyme轉(zhuǎn)變酶crista ( pl. cristae )嵴cyanine胞嘧啶cyclin細(xì)胞周期素cydoeximide放線菌酮cytidine monophosphate, CMP胞苷一磷酸，胞苷酸cytokinesis細(xì)胞質(zhì)分裂cytolo

9、gy細(xì)胞學(xué)cytoplasm細(xì)胞質(zhì)cytoplasm engineering細(xì)胞質(zhì)工程cytoplasm substitution細(xì)胞質(zhì)代換cytoplasmic plaque胞質(zhì)斑cytoskeleton細(xì)胞骨架dark field microscope暗視野顯微鏡dedifferentiation去分化degeneracy兼并deletion缺失density gradient centrifugation密度梯度離心deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脫氧腺苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脫氧胞苷酸deoxyguano

10、sine monophosphate, dGMP脫氧鳥苷酸deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA脫氧核糖核酸deoxythymidine monophosphate, dTMP脫氧胸苷酸desmosome橋粒diakinesis終變期differential centrifugation差速離心differential expression差異性表達(dá)differentiation induction分化誘導(dǎo)differentiation inhibition分化抑制diplococcus pneumonia肺炎雙球菌diplotene雙線期disassemblyDNA probe

11、去組裝DNA探針 DNA合成期 劑量補(bǔ)償 二聯(lián)管 重復(fù) 效應(yīng)器 電偶聯(lián) 電子顯微鏡 基粒 電融合 延長(zhǎng)因子 胚胎誘導(dǎo)作用 內(nèi)吞作用 內(nèi)體性溶酶體 內(nèi)膜系統(tǒng) 內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng) 增強(qiáng)子 酶 赤道面 真核生物 常染色質(zhì) 真核細(xì)胞 胞吐作用 外顯子 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì) 外在蛋白；外周蛋白 熒光小體 易化擴(kuò)散DNA synthesis phase dosage compensation doublet duplication effector electric coupling electron microscope elementary particle eletronfusion elongation factor,

12、 EF embryonic induction endocytosis endolysosome endomembrane system endoplasmic reticulum, ER enhancer enzyme equatorial plane eucaryotes euchromatin eukaryotic cell exocytosis exon extracellular matrix, ECM extrinsic; peripheral protein F body facilitated diffusionfacultative heterochromatin兼性異染色質(zhì)

13、fibrillar component原纖維成分fibronectin, FN纖粘連蛋白fibrous actin, F-actin纖維狀肌動(dòng)蛋白flanking sequence側(cè)翼順序fluid mosaic model液態(tài)鑲嵌模型fluorescence microscope熒光顯微鏡fluorescence recovery after熒光漂白恢復(fù)photobleaching, FRAPfork-initiation protein叉起始蛋白frameshift mutation移碼突變free cell游離細(xì)胞free diffusion自由擴(kuò)散free energy自由能galac

14、tocerebroside半乳糖腦苷脂ganglioside神經(jīng)節(jié)苷脂gap junction間隙連接gene基因gene cluster基因簇gene engineering基因工程gene expression基因表達(dá)gene family基因家族gene mutation基因突變genetic code遺傳密碼genetic message遺傳信息genome基因組genome engineering染色體工程genomic DNA library基因組 DNA文庫(kù)glycogen storage disease type型糖原蓄積病glycolipid糖脂glycoprotein糖蛋白

15、glycosaminoglycan, GAG氨基聚糖glycosylation糖基化Golgi apparatus高爾基器Golgi body高爾基體Golgi complex高爾基復(fù)合體granular component顆粒成分granular drop脫粒granular endoplasmic reticulum顆粒內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)growth factor生長(zhǎng)因子GT-AG ruleGT-AG法則guanine鳥嘌呤guanosine monophosphate, GMP鳥苷一磷酸，鳥苷酸hemidesmosome半橋粒hereditary factor遺傳因子heterochromatin異

16、染色質(zhì)heterogeneous nuclear RNA, hnRNA不均一核 RNAheterokaryon異核體heterophagolysosome異噬性溶酶體heterophagy異噬作用heteropyknosis異固縮highly repetitive sequence高度重復(fù)序列histone組蛋白holoenzyme全酶homokaryon同核體housekeeping gene管家基因housekeeping protein管家蛋白human leukocyte antigen, HLA人白細(xì)胞抗原h(huán)yaluronic acid, HA透明質(zhì)酸hybrid cell雜交細(xì)胞h

17、yperdiploid超二倍體hypodiploid亞二倍體immunofluorescence microscopy免疫熒光顯微鏡技術(shù)immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白in vitro離體的in vivo體內(nèi)的inactive X hypothesis失活 X 假說(shuō)inborn errors of metabolism先天性代謝缺陷病inducer誘導(dǎo)物induction誘導(dǎo)inhibitor of mitotic factor, IMF有絲分裂因子抑制物initiation factor, IF起始因子inner membrane內(nèi)膜inner nuclear membrane內(nèi)層核膜

18、insertion sequence, IS插入順序Integral protein整合蛋白integrin整連蛋白inter membranes pace; outer chamber膜間腔；外室intercellular communication細(xì)胞間通訊intercristal space; inner chamber嵴間腔；內(nèi)室intermediate filament中間纖維internal membrane內(nèi)膜internal reticular apparatus內(nèi)網(wǎng)器interphase間期interstitial deletion中間缺失interzonal microtu

19、bules區(qū)間微管intracristal space嵴內(nèi)腔核仁內(nèi)染色質(zhì) 內(nèi)在蛋白；整合蛋白 內(nèi)含子 倒位倒位重復(fù)順序 離子通道 離子偶聯(lián) 跳躍基因 核型 著絲點(diǎn) 動(dòng)粒微管 先天性睪丸發(fā)育不全癥 后隨鏈層粘連蛋白 側(cè)向擴(kuò)散 前導(dǎo)鏈 細(xì)線期 配體；化學(xué)信號(hào) 光學(xué)顯微鏡 線性多聚體 連接線 脂質(zhì)體 液晶 低密度脂蛋白 奢侈基因 奢侈蛋白intra-nucleolar chromatin intrinsic; integral protein intron inversion inverted repetitive sequence ionic channel ionic coupling jump

20、ing gene karyotype kinetochore kinetochore microtubules Klinefelter 's syndrome lagging strand laminin, LN lateral diffusion leading strand leptotene ligand; chemical signal light microscope linear polymer linker liposome liquid crystal low density lipoprotein, LDL luxury gene luxury proteinlymp

21、hokine 淋巴激活素 lymphotoxin淋巴毒素lysosome溶酶體major histocompatibility complex, MHC 組織相容性復(fù)合體惡性 基質(zhì)顆粒 基質(zhì) 基質(zhì)纖連蛋白 成熟促進(jìn)因子 高爾基中間囊膜 減數(shù)分裂 膜抗原 膜碳水化合物 膜流 膜脂 膜蛋白 膜受體 膜相結(jié)構(gòu) 信使核糖核酸 中間體 代謝偶聯(lián) 中央著絲粒染色體 中期 微團(tuán) 微絲 顯微鏡技術(shù) 微粒體 微梁網(wǎng)格 微管MAP 微管結(jié)合蛋白malignancy matrical granule matrix matrix fibronectin, mFN maturation-prompting factor

22、, MPF medial Golgi stack meiosis membrane antigen membrane carbohydrate membrane flow membrane lipid membrane protein membrane receptor membranous structure messenger RNA mesosome metabolic coupling metacentric chromosome metaphase micelle microfilament microscopy microsome microtrabecular lattice m

23、icrotubule microtubule associated protein, microtubule organizing centers, 微管組織中心MTOC微絨毛 中度重復(fù)序列 微帶 錯(cuò)義突變 線粒體 有絲分裂 有絲分裂期 有絲分裂器 有絲分裂因子 流動(dòng)性 基因表達(dá)調(diào)控模型分子生物學(xué) 分子病 單能細(xì)胞 單體性 多級(jí)螺旋模型 多能細(xì)胞 重癥肌無(wú)力癥 支原體 肌原纖維 壞死 神經(jīng)肽 不連續(xù)性 非組蛋白 非膜相結(jié)構(gòu) 無(wú)義突變 核被膜 核纖層microvillus middle repetitive sequence miniband missense mutation mitochon

24、dria mitosis mitosis phase mitotic apparatus mitotic factor, MF mobility model for controlling gene expression molecular biology molecular disease monopotent cell monosomy multiple coiling model multipotent cell myasthenia gravis mycoplasma myofibrils necrosis neuropeptide non-continuation non-histo

25、ne non-membranous structure nonsense mutation nuclear envelope nuclear laminanuclear matrix核基質(zhì)nuclear pore核孔nuclear pore complex核孔復(fù)合體nuclear sap核液nuclear sex核性別nuclear skeleton核骨架nucleic acid核酸nucleic acid hybridization核酸分子雜交nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio核質(zhì)比nucleoid類核體nucleoids擬核nucleolar associated chrom

26、atin核仁相隨染色質(zhì)nucleolar organizing region核仁組織區(qū)nucleolus核仁nucleosome核小體nucleotide核苷酸nucleosome core核小體核心nucleus細(xì)胞核nucleus transplantation核移植法nucleus-cytoplasm hybrid核質(zhì)雜種Okazaki fragment崗崎片段oligomer fibronectin,oFN寡聚纖連蛋白o(hù)ncogene癌基因operator gene操縱基因operon操縱子operon theory操縱子學(xué)說(shuō)organelle細(xì)胞器origin起點(diǎn)outer memb

27、rane外膜outer nuclear membrane外層核膜overlapping gene重疊基因oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化pachytene粗線期pairing stage配對(duì)期partial monosome部分單體partial trisomy部分三體passive transport被動(dòng)運(yùn)輸patching成斑現(xiàn)象peptide bond肽鍵peptidyl site, P site肽基位； P 位perinuclear space核間隙perinucleolar chromatin核仁周圍染色質(zhì)peripheral granule周邊顆粒per

28、ipheral protein外周蛋白permeability通透性peroxisome; microbody過(guò)氧化物酶體；微體phagocytosis吞噬作用phagolysosome吞噬性溶酶體phagosome自噬體phase contrast microscope相差顯微鏡phenylalanine hydroxylase, PAH苯丙氨酸羥化酶phenylketonuria, PKU苯丙酮尿癥phosphatidylinositol, PL磷脂酰肌醇phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯鍵phosphodiesterase, PDE磷酸二酯酶phosphoglyceride磷

29、酸甘油酯phospholipase C,PLC磷脂酶 Cphospholipid磷脂pinocytosis胞飲作用pinocytotic vesicle吞飲泡plasma cell漿細(xì)胞plasma fibronectin, pFN血漿纖連蛋白plasmid質(zhì)粒point mutation點(diǎn)突變polar microtubule極間微管polarizing microscope偏光顯微鏡polyadenylation多聚腺苷酸反應(yīng)polyploid多倍體polyribosome多聚核糖體premature condensed chromosome, PCC 早熟染色體premeiosis in

30、terphase減數(shù)分裂前間期primary constriction主縊痕primary culture原代培養(yǎng)primary culture cell原代細(xì)胞programmed cell death細(xì)胞程序性死亡prokaryotes原核生物prokaryotic cell原核細(xì)胞promotor啟動(dòng)子promotor gene啟動(dòng)基因prophase前期protein蛋白質(zhì)protein kinase C, PKC蛋白激酶 Cproteoglycan, PG蛋白聚糖protofilament原纖維protooncogene原癌基因protoplasm原生質(zhì)purine嘌呤堿嘧啶堿 受體

31、介導(dǎo)的內(nèi)吞作用 相互易位 重組 DNA技術(shù) 重組小節(jié) 重組期 再凝集期 再分化 調(diào)節(jié)基因 釋放因子 復(fù)制 復(fù)制眼 復(fù)制叉 復(fù)制子 阻礙物 分辨力 殘?bào)w 呼吸鏈 限制性內(nèi)切核酸酶 限制點(diǎn) 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄 因子 核糖核酸 核糖體結(jié)合蛋白 核糖體核糖核酸 核糖核蛋白體 RNA聚合酶 粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng) 扁平囊pyrimidine receptor mediated endocytosis reciprocal translocation recombinant DNA technology recombination nodules recombination stage recondensation stage

32、redifferentiation regulator gene release factor, RF replication replication eyes replication fork replicon repressor resolving power residual body respiratory chain restriction endonuclease restriction point reverse transcription rho factor, ribonucleic acid, RNA ribophorin ribosomal RNA ribosome RN

33、A polymerase rough endoplasmic reticulum, rER sacsame sense mutation同義突變sarcoplasmic reticulum肌質(zhì)網(wǎng)satellite隨體scanning electron microscope掃描電子顯微鏡scanning tunneling microscope掃描隧道電子顯微鏡secondary constriction次縊痕secondary culture傳代培養(yǎng)semiautonomous organelle半自主性的細(xì)胞器semiconservative replication半保留復(fù)制semidisc

34、ontinuous replication半不連續(xù)復(fù)制sensor感受器sequential expression順序表達(dá)sex chromosome性染色體signal codon信號(hào)密碼子signal hypothesis信號(hào)肽假說(shuō)signal molecule信號(hào)分子signal peptide信號(hào)肽signal recognition particle, SPR信號(hào)識(shí)別顆粒simple diffusion簡(jiǎn)單擴(kuò)散single sequence單一序列single-stranded DNAb inding protein單鏈 DNA結(jié)合蛋白singlet單管small nuclear RNA, snRNA小分子細(xì)胞核 RNAsmooth endoplasmic reticulum, sER滑面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)solenoid螺線管sparsomycin稀疏酶素sphingomyelin神經(jīng)鞘磷脂spindle紡錘體splicing剪接split gene斷裂基因start codon起始密碼子stem cell干細(xì)胞stress fiber張力基因structural gene