狀語從句講義

1、狀語從句講解和練習 狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔當。例如：1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副詞)2.  We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語)3.  To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)4.   S

2、een from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (過去分詞)5.  I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因狀語從句） 狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。 狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀

3、語從句的常用連接和特殊的連接詞即考點?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下:1 時間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引導(dǎo)詞：immediately , directly ,instantlythe minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, , no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely whenI didnt realize how special my mother

4、 was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果園) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.(1)表示“一就的”句型As soon as ,immediately, direct

5、ly, instantly, the moment, the minute等引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作隨即發(fā)生，常譯作“一就”As soon as he arrives, Ill tell him./Well leave the moment you are ready.On doing sth. on ones +名詞作時間狀語。如：On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.On his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into p

6、rison.(2)When用法：既可引導(dǎo)一個持續(xù)性動作，也可引導(dǎo)一個短暫性動作。常見搭配：be about towhen/ be doingwhen/ be on the point of doingwhen(3)while用法: while 引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的，強調(diào)某一段時間內(nèi)，主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生，當于during the time that除了可用作從屬連詞外，還可以用作并列連詞，表示相對關(guān)系“然而”I like watching TV while he likes reading.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當于although,但一般位于主句之前。While I understand

7、 your point of view, I dont share it.(4)As用法：引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句時，說明正在發(fā)展和變化的情況，有“隨著”的意思，表示時間的推移。如：As I got older, I get more optimistic.as 常譯為一邊一邊He hurried home, looking behind as he went.(5)Before用法：（1）引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，往往表示主句的動作先于從句的動作發(fā)生。對于before的翻譯方法，一般譯為“在之前”還有其他譯法?！安拧保瑥娬{(diào)主句所表達的時間，距離很長或花費的力氣很大。We waited a long ti

8、me before he came out.“就”，強調(diào)主句所表達的時間，距離或花費的力氣較小。We hadnt waited a long time before he came our.“還沒有”“免得” “不知不覺”“寧可，寧愿”“否則，要不然”I must write it down before I forget.(我的寫下來，免得忘記)It+ will (not)be+ some time +before從句It will be five years before he returns to his homeland.（再過五年他才能回國）It wont be long befor

9、e we meet again.（過不了多久我們就能再見了）(6)till/untiltill/untill都表示“直到”，?？苫Q，但till不用于句首,也不可用于強調(diào)句。till/untill從句或短語用于肯定句時，主句的謂語必須是延續(xù)性動詞，表示主句的動作一直持續(xù)到所表示的時間為止。He remained there till she arrived.till/untill從句或短語與否定的主句連用時，主句的謂語必須是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示“直到才，在之前不”,即主句的動作到till/untill所表示的時間時才開始。如：He wont leave until he came back./I

10、 didnt leave until he came back.(7)Since用法：引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“從.時候”“自.以來”。主句要用完成時態(tài)，但時間的計算方式根據(jù)動詞表示非延續(xù)性還是延續(xù)性而略有不同。 后如果是非延續(xù)性動詞的過去式，則時間的起點應(yīng)從該動作發(fā)生時算起。如：Mr.Li has been here since he came back.(自從李先生回來以后，他一直在這兒) 后如果是延續(xù)性動詞的過去式，則時間的起點應(yīng)從該動作結(jié)束時算起。如：He has written to me frequently since he was ill.(自從他病好以后，經(jīng)常給我來信)It+b

11、e+some time+since短語或從句It is two years since I smoke(我戒煙已有兩年了)It has been two years since I began to smoke.(我吸煙已有兩年了)It was years since I had known her.(注意時態(tài))2 地點狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3 原因狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as

12、, now that特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, considering that, given that, in that,My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more

13、 than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4 目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：(so)( that), in order that特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that(以便，為了起見)目的狀語從句中通常使用情態(tài)動詞can, could, may, might, should, would等。The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with

14、the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.He studied hard to the end that he might pass the entrance examination.I dare not go there for fear that he might see me.(for fear that=lest以免，生怕)目的狀語從句可以用so as to(不可位

15、于句首)/ in order to等不定式代替，但主句和從句的主語必須一致。5 結(jié)果狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that(其引導(dǎo)的從句常用逗號和主句分開), so that, such that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.She worked so hard, so that she became rich in a very short time.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.注意:suchthat/sothat的區(qū)別：so that/soassuchthat

16、/suchasThis is so heavy a stone/such a heavy stone that no one can lift it.(結(jié)果狀語從句)This is so heavy a stone/ such a heavy stone as no one can lift. (定語從句，as為關(guān)系代詞，作lift的賓語)6 條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, as/so long as,once, only if, providing/provided that, suppose /supposing that, in case , on condition t

17、hat Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Once you need my help, please tell me.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.注意：unless 與ifnot常?？梢曰Q，但unless引導(dǎo)的從句不可以再用否定式。I will go there tomorrow unless it rains/

18、if it doesnt rain.7 讓步狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverYoung as he is, he knows a lot.(提前作表語的形容詞)Child as he is , he knows a lot.(提前作表語的名詞，

19、并且要將冠詞去掉)Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his proposal. 盡管我很尊敬他， 我卻不同意他的建議。Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.(提前謂語動詞)The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He wont listen whatever you may s

20、ay.8 比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BShe is as bad-tempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to ma

21、chine. 食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。9 方式狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.10.   狀語從句的簡化狀語從句的省略 狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞可同時省略。例如：When (

22、 the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year . Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：Im taller than he (is tall ). The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ). 就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行"簡化"。狀語從句的

23、"簡化"現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。 狀語從句的"簡化"現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句;由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句;由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句;由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。(1)當狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it

24、和be要完全簡化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的話,他會幫你擺脫困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。(2)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:a.連詞+形容詞As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小時候就學會了騎自行車。Wheneve

25、r (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壯不努力,老大徒傷悲。b.連詞+名詞While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提時代就樂于助人。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.盡管他曾是個農(nóng)民,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。c.連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walk

26、ing along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿著河堤邊走邊唱著流行歌曲。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.盡管近來他一直在學數(shù)學,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。d.連詞+過去分詞He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀請,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it

27、was) expected.這場音樂會出乎意料地取得了巨大成功e.連詞+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say something.當時他站起來好像要說什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他來負責,他也解決不了這個問題。f. 連詞+介詞短語She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻煩。He had mastered the English language befor

28、e (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就懂英語了。注意:當從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表達。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.當會議結(jié)束時,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over,） 高考真題：1【2011全國卷II 19】It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since2【2011北京卷 29】_

29、volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. A. SinceB. OnceC. UnlessD. While3【2011上海卷 36】If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. A. whetherB. afterC. thoughD. until4【2011上海卷 37】The police officers in our city work hard _

30、 the rest of us can live a safe life.A. in caseB. as ifC. in order thatD. only if5.【2011江西卷 29】Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. A. wheneverB. howeverC. whicheverD. wherever6【2011浙江卷 4】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _

31、my daughter heard cries for help. A. afterB. whileC. sinceD. when7【2011福建卷 33】It was April 29, 2001 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A.that B.when C.since D.before8【2011四川卷 4】Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in wak

32、ing him up. A. whether B. although C. for D. so9【2011四川卷 6】As it reported, it is 100 years _Qinghua University was founded. A. when B. before C. after D. since10【2011遼寧卷 25】No matter how _ , it is not necessarily lifeless. A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry m

33、ay a desert be11【2011遼寧卷 29】He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering. A. since B. as C. when D. than12【2011陜西卷 17】The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be _the present one. A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. a

34、s big three times as13【2011天津卷 5】_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless14【2011陜西卷 19】_all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post. A. Since B. While C. If D. As15【2011山東卷 28】He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a g