必修五 Unit 5 語法 省略（課堂PPT）

1、1.Unit 5 First aidLearning about language必修五必修五.2Ellipsis3.1. This radio , but that one doesnt .讀下列句子讀下列句子, 說你的感覺。說你的感覺。work wellworks well2. When pure, a colorless liquid. water iswater is3. Are you ? Yes, I am .readyready4. He was as he had been in his youth. a lover of sportsa lover of sports5. T

2、he river deep and the ice thin.waswas6. ake care!YouT t4.1. 省略句的定義省略句的定義省略是為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使省略是為了避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。上下文緊密連接的一種語法修辭手段。省略在語言中，尤其在對(duì)話中，是一種省略在語言中，尤其在對(duì)話中，是一種十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。十分普遍的現(xiàn)象。 5.2. 句子成分的省略句子成分的省略省略前提省略前提: 主謂賓主謂賓, 定狀表定狀表, 如有重復(fù)可刪掉。如有重復(fù)可刪掉。省略原則省略原則: 詞語省略后詞語省略后, 不致令人費(fèi)解。不致令人費(fèi)解。省略類型：省略類型： 1

3、. 心照不宣型心照不宣型 (用于祈使句和某些現(xiàn)成的簡(jiǎn)單句中用于祈使句和某些現(xiàn)成的簡(jiǎn)單句中)； 2. 承前省后型承前省后型 (用于對(duì)話、并列句和動(dòng)詞不定式中用于對(duì)話、并列句和動(dòng)詞不定式中)； 3. 可有可無型可有可無型 ( 用于賓語從句中的用于賓語從句中的that、定語從句中作、定語從句中作 賓語的賓語的whom, which, that和某些狀語從句中和某些狀語從句中) 4. 虛擬倒裝型虛擬倒裝型 (只用于需要倒裝的虛擬條件句中只用于需要倒裝的虛擬條件句中)。6.1. 省略主語省略主語: 祈使句中的主語通常被省略祈使句中的主語通常被省略;其他省略的主語的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。其他省略的主語

4、的情況多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。(1) (You) Come in, please.(2) ( I ) See you tomorrow.(3) ( I ) Thank you for your help.(4) ( I ) Beg your pardon.簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略7.2. 省略主語或謂語的一部分省略主語或謂語的一部分簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略(1) (There is) No smoking.(2) (Will you) Have a smoke?(3) Why (do you) not say hello to him?(4) How (do you think) abo

5、ut a cup of tea?(5) (You come) this way, please.8.3. 省略賓語：可省略賓語的全部；可省略作賓語省略賓語：可省略賓語的全部；可省略作賓語的動(dòng)詞不定式，只保留的動(dòng)詞不定式，只保留to，但如果該賓語是動(dòng)詞，但如果該賓語是動(dòng)詞be或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在to后加上后加上be或或have。 -Do you know Miss Hu? -I dont know (her).(2) Dont touch anything unless the teacher tells you to (touch).(3) -Are you a teacher

6、? -No, but I want to be (a teacher).(4) -He hasnt finished the task. -Well, he ought to have (finish it).9.4. 省略表語省略表語 -Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty). His brother is lazy. Nor is his sister (lazy).5. 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)句子成分同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)句子成分 -Are you feeling better now? - (Im feeling) better (now).(2) (I wish) G

7、ood luck (to you)!(3) Lets meet at the school gate as the same as (we met) yesterday.10.并列句中的省略并列句中的省略兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。中相同的部分。 My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.(3) Lins father was not at home,

8、 but his mother was (at home).11.主從復(fù)合句中的省略主從復(fù)合句中的省略1. 主句中有一些主謂被省略。主句中有一些主謂被省略。 (Im) Sorry to hear that you are ill.(2) (Its) a pity that you missed such a good chance.2. 省略從句中與主句相同的部分。省略從句中與主句相同的部分。They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).3. 主句與從句各有一些成分被省略。主句與從句

9、各有一些成分被省略。The sooner (you do it) , the better (it will be).12.4. 省略一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分省略一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分, 可用可用so 或或 not代替。常用于此類的動(dòng)詞有代替。常用于此類的動(dòng)詞有believe, think, expect, guess, hope, imagine, suppose, say, tell等以及等以及appear, seem, afraid etc.(4) Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not.(1) Is he coming

10、back tonight? -I think so.(2) She must be busy now. -If so, she cant go with us.(3) Is she feeling better today? -Im afraid not.13.其他省略其他省略1. 連詞連詞that的省略的省略 賓語從句中常省略連詞賓語從句中常省略連詞that。 I know he is a student.(2) 在定語從句中，在定語從句中，that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。另外，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。另外， 凡是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句都可省略關(guān)系代詞凡是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句都

11、可省略關(guān)系代詞和和be 動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞。 He likes the songs (that) Andy Lau sings. He likes the songs (that are) sung by Andy Lau.(that)14.2. 在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的在某些狀語從句中，從句的主語與主句的主語一致時(shí)，可省去主語一致時(shí)，可省去“主語主語+be”部分。部分。(1) When still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.(2) She tried her best though rather poor in health.(3

12、) While cycling, dont forget the traffic lights. 騎車時(shí)騎車時(shí), 不要忘記看紅綠燈。不要忘記看紅綠燈。(you are)(you)(he was)(she was)15.3. 不定式符號(hào)不定式符號(hào)to的省略的省略1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的并列的不定式可省去后面的 to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. 2) help 當(dāng)當(dāng)“幫助幫助”講時(shí)講時(shí), 后面的賓語或賓補(bǔ)的后面的賓語或賓補(bǔ)的 不定式符號(hào)不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶?？蓭Э刹粠?。 I will help (to) do it for

13、 you. I will help you (to) do it.(3) 介詞介詞but前若有動(dòng)詞前若有動(dòng)詞do, 后面的不定式不帶后面的不定式不帶 to. The boy did nothing but play.16.4) 某些使役動(dòng)詞某些使役動(dòng)詞（let, make, have）及感官動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear, notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）等）后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式一定后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式一定要省去要省去 to，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中須將，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中須將to 復(fù)原。復(fù)原。 I saw the boy fa

14、ll from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.17.5) 主語從句中有動(dòng)詞主語從句中有動(dòng)詞do，后面作表語的不定式，后面作表語的不定式 的的to可帶可不帶?？蓭Э刹粠А?What we can do now is (to) wait.6) find 當(dāng)當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的講時(shí)，后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的 不定式符號(hào)不定式符號(hào)to可帶可不帶?？蓭Э刹粠?。 We found

15、 him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式但如果是不定式 to be，則不能省略。，則不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest. 18.(3) Should there be a flood, what should we do? , they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better.Had they timeIfthey had time(If I were you)(If there sh

16、ould be a flood)4. 連詞連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但要將在部分虛擬條件句中可省略，但要將 后面的后面的should, were, had提到主語的前面。提到主語的前面。19.5. 英語中有一些固定的省略結(jié)構(gòu)：英語中有一些固定的省略結(jié)構(gòu)：在以在以if, when, though, as if (好象好象)等連詞引導(dǎo)等連詞引導(dǎo)的從句中的從句中, 如從句中的主要?jiǎng)釉~是如從句中的主要?jiǎng)釉~是be, 常將主語常將主語it 和動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞be 省略。省略。If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我們就往家里打電報(bào)。如有必要，

17、我們就往家里打電報(bào)。Whenever possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就來幫助我。他一有可能就來幫助我。it isit is20.Notes 1. 省略句可同時(shí)省掉句子幾個(gè)成份。省略句可同時(shí)省掉句子幾個(gè)成份。What exciting news! (= What exciting news it is!) 多么令人激動(dòng)的消息?。《嗝戳钊思?dòng)的消息??！Pity hes failed. (= It is a pity that hes failed.) 很遺憾，他失敗了。很遺憾，他失敗了。I like him more than her. (= I

18、like him more than I like her.) 我喜歡他更甚于喜歡她我喜歡他更甚于喜歡她。21.3. 被省略的部分一般可以在句子中補(bǔ)上被省略的部分一般可以在句子中補(bǔ)上, 但但有時(shí)省略結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)定型有時(shí)省略結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)定型, 如果把省略部分補(bǔ)上如果把省略部分補(bǔ)上, 反而不合乎習(xí)慣。反而不合乎習(xí)慣。He is taller than I am. 他比我高。他比我高。(am之后省略之后省略tall, 補(bǔ)上不合習(xí)慣）補(bǔ)上不合習(xí)慣）No parking. 禁止停車。禁止停車。(告示用語告示用語 = No parking is allowed here.)有一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)很難補(bǔ)上所省略的部分：有一

19、些習(xí)慣表達(dá)很難補(bǔ)上所省略的部分：Not at all. 不用謝。不用謝。No matter. 不要緊。不要緊。Thanks. 謝謝。謝謝。22.1. Havent seen you for ages.2. Sounds like a good idea.3. Sorry to hear that.4. this way, please!5. Joining us for a walk?6. Some more tea?7. Doesnt matter.8. Pity you couldnt come.9. Terrible weather!10. Going to the supermarke

20、t? Exercise IItI amWalkWould you likeWould you likeItIt is aWhat/SuchAre you23.Exercise She can swim under water longer than I can swim under water.2. They discussed whether they should stay in the house or they should try the open air.3. They had a meal, they went out for a walk and then they came

21、back to sleep. 4. Dont bathe if you dont need to bathe.5. I dont visit my parents as much as I ought to visit my parents. 24.1. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begunD單項(xiàng)選擇單項(xiàng)選擇25.2. What surprised me was not what he sa

22、id but _ he said it. A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whichA26.3. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it doneA27.4. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my car? - Not at all. _. A. Ive no

23、 time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy toD28.5. - You havent lost the ticket, have you? - _. I know its not easy to get another one at the moment. A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, Im afraid soA29.6. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Br

24、idge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. WillB30.7. - Lets go and have a good drink tonight. - _ Have you got the first prize in the competition? A. What for? B. Thanks a lot. C. Yes, Id like to D. Why not?A31.8. -Tomorrow is a holiday. Why are you doing your homework? -I am doing these exercises now so

25、that I wont have _ on Sunday. A. it B. them C. for D. toD32.9. -Shall I invite Ann to my birthday party tomorrow evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you _. A. are B. can C. invite D. do10. - Arent you the manager? - No, and I _. A. dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont wantDB33.11. - Wo

26、nt you have another try? - _. A. Yes, I will have B. Yes, I wont have C. Yes, I wont D. Yes, I will 12. -I wont do it any more. -_? A. Why not B. Why dont do any more C. Why not do D. Why dont DA34. 13. -Do you think it will snow tomorrow? -_. A. I dont think B. No, I dont think C. I dont think so D

27、. No, I dont so 14. -Have you fed the cat? -No, but _. A. Im B. I am C. Im just going D. Im just going toCD35.15. -Does your brother intend to study German? -Yes, he intends _. A. / B. to C. so D. that16. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not t

28、o do C. not do it D. do not to 17. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losingBAC36.18. If _, well continue our experiment after office hours. A. being necessary B. be necessary C. is necessary D. necessary19. -Do you think its goin

29、g to rain over the weekend? - _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 20. Generally speaking, _ according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be takenDDB37.21. One of the sides of the board should

30、be painted yellow, and _. A. the other is white B. another white C. the other white D. another is white22. - Would you like some wine? - Yes, just _. A. little B. very little C. a little D. a fewCC38.替代替代(一一) so和和not作替代詞，代替被省略的某個(gè)詞作替代詞，代替被省略的某個(gè)詞(組組)或句子，或句子， 一般同表示個(gè)人看法或想法的動(dòng)詞連一般同表示個(gè)人看法或想法的動(dòng)詞連用，作用，作be af

31、raid, believe, become, all, do, expect, fear, hope, imagine, say, see, speak, suppose, think等的賓語。等的賓語。Not代替否定的句子還可放在代替否定的句子還可放在perhaps, probably, absolutely等副詞后。等副詞后。 39.e.g. She was not angry at first, but became so (=angry) after a while. -Is he the best student in the class?-I think so (=He is th

32、e best student in the class).-I think not (=He is not the best student in the class).40.(二二) 替代的應(yīng)用替代的應(yīng)用1. so可以放在句首或句尾，但若謂語動(dòng)詞是可以放在句首或句尾，但若謂語動(dòng)詞是see, notice, hear等，則只能放在句首。如：等，則只能放在句首。如：I believe (say, think) so. =So I believe (say, think). He is absent today. So I see (hear, notice).2. 在表示肯定或懷疑意義的句中不可

33、用在表示肯定或懷疑意義的句中不可用so。如：誤如：誤: I doubt so. 正正: I doubt it. 41.4. do so一般只用替代動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般只用替代動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 不替代靜態(tài)不替代靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如動(dòng)詞。如: She said she would go with me, but she didnt do so. -Alice feels better today.-I think she does.-So she does.而不能說而不能說 I think she does so.3. 在在ask和和know之后也不用之后也不用so。如：。如：誤誤: Why do you ask so?正正: Why do you ask