2022年2022年高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)之時(shí)態(tài)

1、精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載高考英語(yǔ)學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)之時(shí)態(tài)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)或一般真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）the geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.owater boils at 100 c.表示現(xiàn)狀.性質(zhì).狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示常?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；ice feels cold.we always care for each other and help each other.表示知覺. 態(tài)度.感情.某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see.hear.sm

2、ell. taste. feel.notice.agree.believe.like .hate.want .think .belong seem 等；如：i know what you mean.smith owns a car and a house.all the students here belong to no.1 middle school.在時(shí)間.條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)；但要留意由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall 或 will表“意愿 ”,但不表示時(shí)態(tài)；if you will accept my invitation and come to our pa

3、rty、 my family will be pleased.假如你情愿接受并參與我們的舞會(huì),我的家人會(huì)特別興奮；少數(shù)用于表示起止的動(dòng)詞如come.go.leave.arrive .fly .return .start.begin.pen.close.end.stop 等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí),表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定.方案或支配要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；當(dāng)be 表示依據(jù)時(shí)間或事先支配,確定會(huì)顯現(xiàn)的狀態(tài),只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；the shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day. tomorrow is wednesday.2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過(guò)去的事情. 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與

4、表示過(guò)去詳細(xì)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（或有上下文語(yǔ)境示意）；用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原先沒有料到.想到或希望的事通常用過(guò)去式；如：i met her in the street yesterday. i once saw the famous star here. they never drank wine.i thought the film would be interesting、but it isn t.假如從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生,但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連用過(guò)去式；如：he told me he read an interesting novel last n

5、ight.表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)； 如：but、 and、 when、 as soon as、 immediately、 the moment、 the minute ；the moment she came in、 she told me what had happened to her. he bought a watch but lost it.常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型：why didn t you / i think of that. i didn t notice it.i forgot to tell you i had been there with

6、 my brother before.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載i didnctorgenize him.3. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用will/ shall +動(dòng)詞（常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)邊用如tomorrow .next week 等）；表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作；we ll die without air or water.表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞如come.go.start.begin .leave 等詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)時(shí)； be going to 與 will / shall、 be to do、 be about to do用法及區(qū)分：be going

7、to 表示現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事,這種準(zhǔn)備往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,甚至已做了某種預(yù)備；shall / will do表示未事先考慮過(guò),即說(shuō)話時(shí)暫時(shí)作出的打算；be going to 表將來(lái),不能用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中；而will 就能,表意愿；如：if it is fine、 we ll go正fi確shing.if it is fine、 we are going to go fishing.錯(cuò)誤 be to do sth.表按方案.支配即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,仍可表示囑咐.命令.禁止,可能性等；a meeting is to be held at 3:00 o clock this aftern

8、oon.be about to do sth.表示 “即可,就要 ”,后面不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句；autumn harvest is about to start.4. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生著的一個(gè)動(dòng)作；表示現(xiàn)階段但不肯定為發(fā)生在講話時(shí)；表近期特定的支配或方案；e 等起止動(dòng)作可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)；如：it is raining now.he is teaching english and learning chinese. i am meeting mr. wang tonight.we are leaving on friday.at six i am bathing the ba

9、by.i start bathing the bady before six.the girl is always talking loud in public.與 always.often 等頻度副詞連用,表常常反復(fù)的行動(dòng)或某種感情顏色下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；（ a ）表示心理狀態(tài).情感的動(dòng)作：like、 love、 hate、 care、 remember、 believe、 want、 mind、 wish、 agree、 mean、 need ；（ b）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear、 exist、 lie、 remain、 seem belong to、 depend on

10、；（ c）表示一時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow、 accept、 permit、 promise、 admit、 complete ；（ d）表示感官的動(dòng)詞： see、 hear、 notice、 feel、 smell、 sound、 taste、 look；5. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的幾種情形：（a ）在 by.by the end.by the time .until .before .since后接表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；如：by the end of last year、 we hadproduced 20、000 cars. the train had left

11、 before we reached the station. b 表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的期望.準(zhǔn)備.意圖.諾言等；常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/though / wanted / expected 等或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載+ to have done；（ c） “時(shí)間名詞+ before在”句子中作狀語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載名詞+ ago ”在句中作狀語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式；如：he said his

12、 first teacher had died at least 10 years before. xiao hua left school 3 years ago.（ d）表示 “一就”的幾個(gè)句型： hardly/ no sooner / scarcely had +主語(yǔ)+ 過(guò)去分詞+ when / than / before +一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如：we精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = no sooner had we been seated than the bus started.

13、在 before 或 after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)；after he hadleft the room、 the boss came in. we arrived home before it snowed.6. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)參照一般將來(lái)時(shí)對(duì)比：用would do .was / were going to do sth. 表過(guò)去將來(lái)；come.go.leave 等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)；was / were to do sth.和 was / were about to do sth. 表過(guò)去將來(lái)；7. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)

14、生；某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,其中一個(gè)在由when 或 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中；8. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)除可以和for .since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)連用外,仍可以和下面的介詞短語(yǔ)連用： during / in /over the lastpastfew years months、 weeks .in recent years 等；以下句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)it is has been + 一段時(shí)間+ since 從句thisthat / itis the first secondtime that + 完成時(shí)thisthat / itis the only完成+ t時(shí)hat +精品

15、學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載thisthat / itis the best / finest / most interesting從句+ 完成時(shí)+ that精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)；如：i shall post the letter as soon as i have written it.if you have done the experiment、 you will realize the theory better. don t get off the bus until it has stopp

16、ed.9. 時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)分一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：時(shí)間上有差異： 凡有過(guò)去時(shí)間的均用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),不能用完成時(shí)態(tài),如含有ago.last year.just now . the other day 等；結(jié)果上有差異： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的為對(duì)“現(xiàn)在 ”的影響和結(jié)果, 動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或仍在連續(xù)；一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的為動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過(guò)去 ”,和現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)關(guān)系；過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)：過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的為“過(guò)去的過(guò)去 ”；如顯現(xiàn)同一主語(yǔ)連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作（ “連謂 ”）形式就只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即可；2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考查要點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過(guò)去分詞, 口語(yǔ)只也有用get / become +過(guò)去分詞表示； 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基

17、本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者為誰(shuí)時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承擔(dān)者常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（by 短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略）；（ 1）使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)留意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題；主動(dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語(yǔ)的變化；看以下例句；my friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.an interesting book was given to meby my friendon my birthday. i was given an interesting book by my friendon my birthday.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載主動(dòng)變

18、被動(dòng)時(shí),賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)（位置不變）；（作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的）不定式前需加to ； the boss made him work all day long.he was made to work all day longby the boss短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),勿要掉“尾巴 ”；the children were taken good care of by her.your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to.be to.be sure to.used to.have to.had better 等結(jié)構(gòu)

19、變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過(guò)去分詞；當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)為say.believe.expect.think .know . write .consider.report 等時(shí),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：（a ）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)；（b ）用 it 作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)在后面用主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示；如：people say he is a smart boy. it is said that he is a smart boy. he is said to be a smart boy.people know paper was made in china fi

20、rst.it is known that paper was made in china first. paper was known to be made in china first.類似句型有：it is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that（ 2）不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情形；全部的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中；表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,如：last.hold .benefit .contain .equal.fit .join .mean.last. look like .consist to 等；

21、表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞,如have. own .belong to 等；表示 “期望.意圖 ”的動(dòng)詞,如：wish.want.hope.like .love .hate 等；賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；賓語(yǔ)為同源賓語(yǔ),不定式.動(dòng)名詞等謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；有些動(dòng)詞以其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,特殊為當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為物時(shí),常見的動(dòng)詞有sell .write .wash.open.lock 等；（ 3）主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義；當(dāng) feel.look .smell.taste.sound 等后面接形容詞時(shí)；當(dāng) cut.read.sell .wear.write等詞帶狀語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)；當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示

22、“開頭.終止.關(guān).停.轉(zhuǎn).啟動(dòng)”等意義時(shí)；this kind of cloth washes easily. 這種布易洗；these novels won t sell 這we些ll.小說(shuō)不暢銷； my pen writes smoothly. 我的鋼筆寫起來(lái)很流暢；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the door won t lo門ck鎖.不上；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載the fish smells good. 魚聞起來(lái)香；當(dāng) break out .take place.shut off .turn off .work out 等動(dòng)詞表示 “發(fā)生.關(guān)閉.制

23、定”等意思時(shí)；the plan worked out successfully. the lamps on the wall turn off. want、 require、 need 后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)含義； be worth doing 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義；在 “be +形容詞+ to do ”中,不定式的規(guī)律賓語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ),用主動(dòng)代被動(dòng)；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載this kin d of water isn t fit to drink. the girl isn t easy to get along with.另外： be to blame 受聲討

24、 ,be to rent（出租）也用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)；（ 4）被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情形； be seated坐著he is seated on a bench.（ he seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上；be hidden 隱藏he was hidden behind the door.he hid himself behind the door.他藏在門后； be lost 迷路 be drunk 喝醉 be dressed穿著the girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（ 5）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作

25、；系表結(jié)構(gòu)表主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或狀態(tài)；如： the book was sold by a certain bookstore. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) the book is well sold. 系表結(jié)構(gòu) 二.精典名題導(dǎo)解挑選填空1. visitors not to touch the exhibits.nmet2001 a.will requestb.are requestedc.are requestingd.request解析： 答案為 b；此題的時(shí)態(tài)為不難判定的, 由于說(shuō)的為一條規(guī)定, 所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 而 visitor 與 request 之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 即 request visitors no

26、t to touch the exhibits、 到底為誰(shuí)要求他們這樣做呢？不清晰,也不必知道,因此需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；分析 visitors 與 request 之間的關(guān)系為此題的解題關(guān)鍵；2. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology so rapidly.nmet2001a. is changingb.has changedc.will have changedd.will change解析：答案為a ；此題考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的用法；句意為“挑選一部移動(dòng)電話不為一件 簡(jiǎn)單的事, 由于

27、科技進(jìn)展得特別快速；”本句的主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表達(dá)的為目前的情形,而“科技進(jìn)展快速 ”也為現(xiàn)階段正存在的一種狀態(tài),不為在過(guò)去,也不為在將來(lái),因此只能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)；3. all the preparations for the task 、 and we（ 2re00re0a年dy春to季s高tart.考）a. completedb.completec.had been completedd.have been completed解析：答案為 d ；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去年做的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；從 and were ready to start句意可知,一切預(yù)備工作已經(jīng)就緒,可以開頭工作了； comp

28、lete 為及物動(dòng)詞,與句子的主語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以需要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)；留意分清 complete 與主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系；結(jié)合語(yǔ)境挑選正確時(shí)態(tài)；精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載10. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)題1 we could have walked to the station it was so near yes a taxiat all necessarya wasn tb hadn t beenc wouldn t bed won t be 2 when i got to the cinema , the filmfor the minutes a has begunb had

29、begunc had been ond was on3 if city noisesfrom increasing , peopleshout to be heard even at the dinner table a are not kept； will have tob are not kept； have to cdo not keep ； will have tod do not keep；have to4 in some parts of the world , teawith milk and sugar.a is servingb is severedc servesd ser

30、ved 5 do you like the material. yes,itvety soft a is feelingb feltc feelsd is felt 6 i don t really work hereiuntil the new secretary arrives a just help outb have just helped outc am just helping outd will just help out 7 you haven t been to beiji,nghave you. how i wish to go there.a yes i haveb ye

31、s, i haven t c no i haved no , i havent8 it is reported that by the end of this year , another school willa be builtb have builtc have been builtd have be built 9 hey, look where you are going. 0h, i m terribly sorrya i m not noticingb 1 wasn t noticingc i haven t noticedd i don t notice 10 how are

32、you today. oh ,ias ill as i do now for a long time a didn t feel b wasn t feelingc don t feed haven t felt l1 old mcdonald gave up smoking for a while, but soonto his old ways a returnedb returnsc was returningd had returned 12 all the preparations for the task, and we re ready to starta completedb

33、completec had been completedd have been completed 13 heto the lab than he set out to do the experiment a has no sooner gotb was supposed tocwill no sooner getd have no sooner got 14 the trainarrive at 11 ：30 but it was an hour late a would supposeb was supposed toc is supposed tod supposed to 15 he

34、stepped into the office ,down and began to fill in the forms a sittingb to sitc satd having sat16 the little girlher heart out because sheher toy bear and believed she wasn t ever going to find it a had cried； 1ostb cried； had lose chas cried； has lostd cries；has 1ost17 both my brothers work at the

35、power station thatat my home town a has set upb has been set upc was set upd is set up 18 linda has 1ost her passport again it s the second time thisa has happenedb has been happenedc happenedd happens 19 sorry, i forgot to post the letter for you.精品學(xué)習(xí)資料精選學(xué)習(xí)資料 - - - 歡迎下載 never mind ,it myself tonigh

36、t a i m going to postb i d better to post c i ll postd i d rather post20 hehis leg when hein a football match against another schoo1 a broke； playedb was breaking ； was playing cbroke ； was playingd was breaking； played21 wherethe recorder.i can t see it anywhere iit right here but now it s gonea di

37、d you put ； have putb have you put putchad you put ；was puttingd were you putting ； have put 22 hello.iyouin london how long have you been here.a don t kno；w wereb hadn t know；n arechave known ； ared didn t kno；wwere 23 come on, peter i want to show you something oh, how nice of you.iyouto bring me

38、a gift.a never think ； are goingb never thought ；were going cdidn t thin；k were goingd hadn t thoug；ht were going24 all the teachers in this schoo1 area clean dressingb cleanly dressingcclean dressedd cleanly dressed 25 when i was at college ithree foreign languages , but iall except a few words ofe

39、acha spoke； had forgottenb spoke； have forgotten chad spoken；had forgottend had spoken； have forgotten26 have you moved into the new house. not yet the roomsa are being paintedb are paintingc are paintedd are being painting 27 excuse me, sir would you do me a favor.of course what is it. iif you could tell me how to fill out this forma had wonderedb was wonderingcwould wonderd did won