人教版英語八年級下冊U8

1、會計學1人教版英語八年級下冊人教版英語八年級下冊U8一一. . 用法用法1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作 對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. 2. 表示從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到表示從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到 現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。They have lived here since 1996.二二. 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成及句式轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成及句式轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)在完成時由現(xiàn)在完成時由“助動詞助動詞 have /

2、 has + 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。1. 肯定句肯定句: 主語主語 + have / has + 過去分詞過去分詞 + 其他其他2. 否定句否定句: 主語主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞過去分詞 + 其他其他3. 一疑句一疑句: have / has + 主語主語 + 過去分詞過去分詞+ 其他其他haventhasnt動詞動詞過去分詞過去分詞的變化和的變化和過去式過去式的變化的變化類似，分類似，分規(guī)則規(guī)則變化和變化和不規(guī)則不規(guī)則變化兩種。變化兩種。三三. 動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則1. 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化 （課本（課本137、13

3、8頁）頁）begin-began-begun let-let-letknow-knew-known eat-ate-eatenstand-stood-stood come-came-come 2. 規(guī)則變化規(guī)則變化 1). 一般在動詞詞尾直接加一般在動詞詞尾直接加ed。 pick picked picked wish wished wished stay stayed stayed 2). 以不發(fā)音的以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞后面加結(jié)尾的動詞后面加d。 like liked liked; hope hoped hoped; phone phoned phoned3). 以以“輔音字母輔音字母 +

4、y”結(jié)尾的動詞，結(jié)尾的動詞， 變變y為為i，再加，再加-ed。 study studied studied hurry hurried hurried reply replied replied4). 詞尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié) 動詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加動詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加-ed。 stop stopped stopped clap clapped clapped四四. 現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞1. 常與常與 just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等連用等連用,強調(diào)動作的完成，強

5、調(diào)動作的完成， 不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)。不強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)。Have you ever been to Japan?I have just finished my homework.He has already taught me some English.四四. 現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞2. for + 時間段時間段, since + 時間點時間點 , since + 時間段時間段 ago, since + 一般過去時的句子一般過去時的句子。They have stayed there since 1997.I have learned English for six years.He

6、has lived here since he was a child.She has worked here since two years ago.1._ two years since和和for填空填空 2._two years ago 3._last month 4._ 19995._ yesterday6._ 5 oclock7._ 4 hours8._ 2 minutes ago9._ we were children10._ she left here五五. already和和yet用法用法 already “已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”,一般用于一般用于肯定句中肯定句中, 放放have/has后

7、后，過去分詞過去分詞前前或或句尾句尾。 I have already read the book. Some visitors have come already. already用于用于疑問句疑問句中時通常中時通常表示驚奇表示驚奇。 Have you finished your homework already? I cant believe it. yet 用于用于疑問句疑問句中意為中意為“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”，用來詢問，用來詢問 說話人期望發(fā)生的說話人期望發(fā)生的事情是否已經(jīng)發(fā)生事情是否已經(jīng)發(fā)生； 用于用于否定句否定句中，意為中，意為“還還”，表示說話人，表示說話人 期望發(fā)生的期望發(fā)生的事情尚未發(fā)生

8、事情尚未發(fā)生。yet 通常放在通常放在句尾句尾。 Have you seen her yet? I havent found my pen yet. already與與yet的轉(zhuǎn)換的轉(zhuǎn)換 含含already的陳述句變?yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡柧涞年愂鼍渥優(yōu)榉穸ň浠蛞蓡柧?時時, 要把要把 already 變變?yōu)闉?yet, 并放于并放于句尾句尾。 I have already read the book. I havent read the book yet. Have you read the book yet?1.He has already gone home.2. I have read this

9、 book before.3. They have cooked dinner already.4. I have just finished my homework.5. Mary has closed the window already.1. Have you ever _(take) a train? 2. I _(have) my lunch and Im not hungry now.3. We _(be) good friends since we met at school.4. We cant find him anywhere. Perhaps he_ (go) home.

10、5. He _(read) the book before.6. Mr. Green _(teach) us a lot about social studies since September.takenhave hadhave beenhas gonehas readhas taughtLook at the pictures. Have you read these books? Alice in WonderlandLittle WomenLook at the pictures. Have you read these books? Treasure IslandTom Sawyer

11、Look at the pictures. Have you read these books? Oliver TwistRobinson CrusoeHave you heard of these books? Check () the ones you know. 1a _ Alice in Wonderland _ Little Women _ Treasure Island _ Olive Twist _ Robinson Crusoe _ Tom Sawyer Book Title NameHave they read it?What do they think of it? Nic

12、k Judy Sandy Alan Kate HarryNoYesYesNoYesNoIts exciting.Its wonderful.Its fantastic.Listen and complete the chart.Treasure IslandRobinson CrusoeLittle women1b A: Have you read Little Women yet? B: No, I havent. Have you? A: Yes, I have already read it. B: Whats it like? A: Its fantastic.Practice the

13、 conversation. Then talk about the other books in 1a.1c2aListen again and write T for true and F for false.2bFFTT be full of sth 裝滿了裝滿了The bottle is full of water. Use the information in 2a and 2b to talk about the books.2cRole-play conversation.2d A: Steve, have you decided yet which book to write

14、about for English class? S: Yes, Little Women. Ive already finished reading it! A: Wow, youre fast! Whats it about？ S: Its about four sisters growing up. It was really good, so I couldnt put it down. Which book did you choose? A: I chose Treasure Island, but I havent finished reading it yet. Im only

15、 on page 25. S: Have you at least read the back of the book to see what its about? A: Yes, I have. It looks interesting. S: You should hurry up. The book report is due in two weeks. A: Yes, I know. Ill read quickly. 1. (be) due to do 預計做預計做 The guests are due to arrive very soon. 2. due to + 代詞代詞/名詞

16、名詞, “因為因為,由于由于” He didnt come here due to his illness. 1. in a hurry 介詞短語，介詞短語， 匆匆忙忙地匆匆忙忙地 She always has breakfast in a hurry. 2. no hurry, “不忙，不必著急不忙，不必著急” There is no hurry, so do it slowly. 魯濱遜漂流記魯濱遜漂流記由由英國英國作家作家丹尼爾丹尼爾笛福笛福所所著。它是一部家喻戶曉的現(xiàn)實主義回憶錄式冒險著。它是一部家喻戶曉的現(xiàn)實主義回憶錄式冒險小說。作者受一個蘇格蘭水手海上遇險的經(jīng)歷啟小說。作者受一個蘇

17、格蘭水手海上遇險的經(jīng)歷啟發(fā)寫成的。發(fā)寫成的。 小說分三部分：第一部分寫魯濱遜初出茅廬小說分三部分：第一部分寫魯濱遜初出茅廬，最初三次航海的經(jīng)過及其在巴西經(jīng)營種植園的，最初三次航海的經(jīng)過及其在巴西經(jīng)營種植園的情況；第二部分詳細描述了主人公流落荒島，獨情況；第二部分詳細描述了主人公流落荒島，獨居居28年的種種情景；第三部分簡要交代了魯濱遜年的種種情景；第三部分簡要交代了魯濱遜回國后的命運及這個海島未來的發(fā)展趨向?；貒蟮拿\及這個海島未來的發(fā)展趨向。3aWhen I first arrived on this island, I had nothing. But Ive found the shi

18、p and made a small boat. Ive brought back many things I can use food and drink, tools, knives and guns. Although I have lost everything, I have not lost my life. So I will not give up and I will wait for another ship. I have already cut down trees and built a house. I go out with my gun almost every

19、 day to kill animals and birds for food. Im even learning to grow fruit and vegetables.A few weeks ago, I found the marks of another mans feet on the sand. Who else is on my island? How long have they been here? Not long after that, I saw some cannibals trying to kill two men from a broken ship. One

20、 of them died but the other ran towards my house. I helped him kill the cannibals. This man now lives with me and helps me. I named him Friday because that was the day I met him. He is smart and I have already taught him some English.He waits for another ship.Because he meets him on a Friday.gunsshi

21、pislandknivesmarks3bCorrect the sentences.1. Robinson Crusoe arrived on the island with enough food and drink.2. Friday made a small boat.3. Robinson had some food and tools when he first arrived on the island. nothing.Robinson made a small boat.Robinson had nothing when he first arrived on the isla

22、nd. 3c4. Robinson used the ship to build a house.5. Friday saw some marks of another mans feet on the beach.6. Robinson tried to kill the two men.cut down trees to build a house.Robinson saw some marks of another mans feet on the beach.Some cannibals tried to kill the two men.Grammar Focus Have you

23、read Little Women yet? Yes, I have. /No, I havent. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet？ Yes, she has. She thinks its fantastic. Have you decided which book to write about yet? Yes, I have. I have already finished reading it. It was really good.1. A: Would you like something to drink? B: No, thanks. _.

24、 ( just / drink some tea )2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? ( find ) B: No, not yet.Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.Ive just drunk some teaHave you found it yet4aHe has already leftdid he leaveShe has already seen the filmhavent told them yetloveshasread4bFill in the blanks

25、 with the correct forms of the words in the brackets.finishedwill writehasnt readwill beComplete the chart with information about you and your friend. A: What books have you already read? B: I have already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter. A: What do you think of them? B: Well, I think Harry Potter

26、was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.4cYouYour friendComments Books I have already read Movies I have already seen Songs I have already heardComplete the chart with information about you and your friend.4cWho is your favorite singer or musician?Why do you like him or her? 1aclassical 通常是指通常

27、是指古典音樂，古典音古典音樂，古典音樂是起源于二戰(zhàn)以樂是起源于二戰(zhàn)以前歐洲所流行的音前歐洲所流行的音樂，流行于德國，樂，流行于德國，法國，包括小夜曲法國，包括小夜曲，交響樂，鋼琴曲，交響樂，鋼琴曲，協(xié)奏曲，小提琴，協(xié)奏曲，小提琴曲，四重奏等。曲，四重奏等。Classical musicpop music 是指流是指流行音樂。二戰(zhàn)過后行音樂。二戰(zhàn)過后大部分的音樂是流大部分的音樂是流行歌曲，包括爵士行歌曲，包括爵士樂，嘻哈音樂，搖樂，嘻哈音樂，搖滾樂，藍調(diào)音樂，滾樂，藍調(diào)音樂，自然派音樂，繞舌自然派音樂，繞舌音樂，輕音樂，民音樂，輕音樂，民謠等。謠等。 Pop musicrock bandrock

28、 band鄉(xiāng)村音樂，一種具有美國鄉(xiāng)村音樂，一種具有美國民族特色的流行音樂，于民族特色的流行音樂，于20世紀世紀20年代興起于美國年代興起于美國南部。鄉(xiāng)村音樂的特點是南部。鄉(xiāng)村音樂的特點是曲調(diào)簡單，節(jié)奏平穩(wěn)，帶曲調(diào)簡單，節(jié)奏平穩(wěn)，帶有敘事性，具有較濃的鄉(xiāng)有敘事性，具有較濃的鄉(xiāng)土氣息。美國歌壇天后土氣息。美國歌壇天后Taylor Swift是現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)是現(xiàn)代鄉(xiāng)村音樂的代表人物。她曾獲得村音樂的代表人物。她曾獲得7座格萊美獎座格萊美獎，鄉(xiāng)村音樂巔峰獎（鄉(xiāng)村音樂史上只有，鄉(xiāng)村音樂巔峰獎（鄉(xiāng)村音樂史上只有Taylor Swift 與與 Garth Brooks 獲得此獎）獲得此獎）加斯加斯布魯克斯布魯克斯(

29、1962.2.7)是二十世紀九十年代以來最是二十世紀九十年代以來最重要的鄉(xiāng)村歌手，重要的鄉(xiāng)村歌手，RIAA認認證為美國最暢銷的藝人之一證為美國最暢銷的藝人之一，僅次于披頭士和貓王，位，僅次于披頭士和貓王，位列第三位。截止列第三位。截止2013年底共年底共發(fā)行發(fā)行19張專輯，其中張專輯，其中9張為張為冠軍專輯，冠軍專輯，6張獲鉆石唱片張獲鉆石唱片認證（認證（RIAA），全美唱片），全美唱片銷量近銷量近7000萬張，全球銷量萬張，全球銷量達過達過2億張，億張，2012年選入鄉(xiāng)年選入鄉(xiāng)村音樂名人堂。村音樂名人堂。 Garth Brooks DDDAListen to a conversation b

30、etween Alex and Dave. Write A for Alex or D for Dave next to each opinion.1b Band name Country Number of people in the bandThe TomsThe United StatesFiveListen again and take notes.1c kind of music Why Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex: Dave:Pop, but sounds more like rock The music is lo

31、ud and full of energy. He feels excited when he listens to their music. He thinks that listening to their music every morning will wake him up and make him happy for the rest of the day.Ask your friends and parents what kind of music they listen to and why. How does the music make them feel?1dWhat k

32、ind of music?Why do they listen to it?How does it make them feel?Friend 1Friend 2Parents 1. Do you have a favorite singer or band? 2. Do you have a favorite song? 3. What facts do you know about your favorite singer, band or song?2a While reading, make notes or underline the main ideas in the text.

33、After reading, write a short summary in your own words. This can help you better understand the text.2bFirst paragraphWho is Sarah? Where is she from? What does she like? She is an American girl who used to fight over almost everything with her family. She is from the US.She likes country music.2cSe

34、cond paragraphWhat is country music?It is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America.What is country music about?Its about belonging to a group and reminds us of a time when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.Third paragraphWhat is Sarahs dream?Her dream is t

35、o go Nashville one day.Who is Garth Brooks?Garth is a famous country singer who has sold more than 120 million records. A Country Music Song Changed Her Life Forever When Sarah was a teenager, she used to fight over almost everything with her family. But five years ago, while she was studying abroad

36、 in England, she heard a song full of feelings about returning home on the radio. It made Sarah think about her family and friends back in the US. She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country music.Country is a traditional kind

37、 of music from the southern states of America. Nashville, Tennessee is the home of country music. Many songs these days are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and success, but not about belonging to a group. However, country music brings us back to the “good old days”

38、when people were kind to each other and trusted one another. It reminds us that the best things in life are free laughter, friends, family, and the beauty of nature and the countryside.Sarah hasnt been to Nashville yet, but it is her dream to go there one day. She has already read a lot about the pl

39、ace and done some research on it. She knows that there is a Country Music Hall of Fame Museum in Nashville. There are also always a lot of great country music concerts with famous musicians and singers, like Garth Brooks. Sarah has already listened to most of his songs. “Garth is one of the most suc

40、cessful musicians in American history. Hes sold more than 120 million records. I hope to see him sing live one day.”southern states of America a traditional kind of musicA famous country music place in Nashville: _A famous country music singer: _The number of records he has sold: _Country Music Hall

41、 of Fame MuseumGarth Brooks more than 120 millionFirst paragraphWho is Sarah? Where is she from? What does she like? She is an American girl who used to fight over almost everything with her family. She is from the US.She likes country music.2cSecond paragraphWhat is country music?It is a traditiona

42、l kind of music from the southern states of America.What is country music about?Its about belonging to a group and reminds us of a time when people were kind to each other and trusted one another.Third paragraphWhat is Sarahs dream?Her dream is to go Nashville one day.Who is Garth Brooks?Garth is a

43、famous country singer who has sold more than 120 million records. Use the notes you made in 2c to write a short summary of the passage. Write no more than 100 words.2dSarahs dream is to go to Nashville because Garth Brooks is there. She likes to listen to his songs. Garth is one of the most successf

44、ul musicians in American history. Close your book. What facts can you remember about country music? Tell a partner. What other facts would you like to know about country music? Make a list of questions.2e3aThink of a singer or writer you know well. Make a list of facts of him / her. Think of the fol

45、lowing:Write an article about the singer or writer. Here are some words and phrases you can use.3b 1. What do you think _ this dress? Do you think it looks good on me? 2. The little boy was so hungry that he didnt put his spoon _ at all. He just kept on eating. down of about back upofdown1. Fill in

46、the blanks with the correct words in the box.aboutbackup down of about back up 1. I _ ( join ) the book club last month and I _ ( read ) five books already. 2. I only _ ( start ) taking French classes last week and I _ ( learn ) 50 French words already.joinedhave readstartedhave learned2. Fill in th

47、e blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets. 3. Tony _ ( buy) a pop music CD yesterday but he _ ( listen ) to it yet. 4. They _ ( listen ) to many songs by The Beatles, but they cannot _ ( sing ) any of them. 5. She _ ( see ) the newspaper on the table this morning, but she _ ( have ) a

48、nytime to read it yet. have listenedsingsawhasnt hadboughthasnt listened3. Make a list of the things you have done and the ones you havent done yet this week. Then ask two other students. you(students name)(students name) Things I have done science homework, Things I havent done動詞動詞過去分詞過去分詞的變化和的變化和過

49、去式過去式的變化的變化類似，分類似，分規(guī)則規(guī)則變化和變化和不規(guī)則不規(guī)則變化兩種。變化兩種。三三. 動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的變化規(guī)則1. 不規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化 （課本（課本137、138頁）頁）begin-began-begun let-let-letknow-knew-known eat-ate-eatenstand-stood-stood come-came-comeLook at the pictures. Have you read these books? Alice in WonderlandLittle Womenpop music 是指流是指流行音樂。二戰(zhàn)過后行音樂。二戰(zhàn)過后大部分的音樂是流大部分的音樂是流行歌曲，包括爵士行歌曲，包括爵士樂，嘻哈音樂，搖樂，嘻哈音樂，搖滾樂，藍調(diào)音樂，滾樂，藍調(diào)音樂，自然派音樂，繞舌自然派音樂，繞舌音樂，輕音樂，民音樂，輕音樂，民謠等。謠等。 Pop music kind of music Why Alex and Dave like to listen to this band Alex: Da