被動語態(tài)知識點講解更全面,思路清晰

1、被動語態(tài)、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的概念：語態(tài)-說明主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系英語動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者（常常沒在有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者情況下使用）例：They speak English.（主動語態(tài)）第4頁共4頁English is spoken by them.（被動語態(tài)）主語謂語介詞短語注：及物動詞有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動語態(tài)。例：（1） We listen to the teacher carefully in class.主 謂 賓rThe teacher is listened to by us carefull

2、y in class.主語 謂語介詞短語（2）w e laughed at him .r He waslaughed at by us.二、被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)與應(yīng)用情況：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句式：be +done （及物動詞的過去分詞）如果是不及物動詞+相應(yīng)的介詞或副詞否定句式： be +not +done疑問句式：be動詞（情態(tài)動詞）放句首被動語態(tài)中的be為助動詞，無意義。 be可能是am , is , are也可能是 was ,were或原形be。注：被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是由be的時態(tài)決定的，be是什么時態(tài)，全句就是什么時態(tài)，be后面的過去分詞不變。Eg:1、T he song is liked by y

3、oung people. （肯定句）2、T he song isn ' t likey young people（否定句）3、 Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑問句）4、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑問句）各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成（動詞以do為例）：時態(tài)動詞的被動形式一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is /are done一般過去時 was/were done一般將來時 will /shall be doneIs/are going to-過去將來時 should/would b

4、e doneWas/were are going to _現(xiàn)在進行時 am/is/are being done過去進行時 was/were being done 現(xiàn)在完成時 has/have been done 過去完成時 had been done含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞+be+其它幾種特殊句型：It is said that 例句He is asked to do this.The story was told by her mother.The problem will be discussed tomorrow.He said the trees would be plante

5、d soon.The novel is being written.At that time the desk was being made.The house has been built.They said that their work had been finished.done Your homework must be handed in today.It is well known that Itis reportedthat例： History is made by the people.（一般現(xiàn)在時） The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995

6、.（ 一般過去時） The tree will be cut down next year.（ 般將來時） The room must be kept clean.（含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)） The door is being opened.（現(xiàn)在進行時） The film has been seen by me.（現(xiàn)在完成時）注：不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的差異主要體現(xiàn)在助動詞be的變化上，同時助動詞be還要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。（三）應(yīng)用情況行為的執(zhí)行者不明確或不必說出來。Eg: A stranger was killed last night.用于強調(diào)動作的承受者而不是執(zhí)行者。Eg: Th

7、e story is told everywhere in the city.三、主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法：方法分為三步：把原主動句中的賓語改成主語（如果是人稱代詞同時應(yīng)把賓格改為主格）謂語動詞改為被動形式 be done（時態(tài)不變，人稱和數(shù)必須和新主語一致）把原主動句的主語，如果需要的話放在介詞by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果沒有必要則省去（by短語 是代詞，要用賓格形式）例：1） The man killed a tiger.r a tiger was killed by the man .（改的過程中要注意時態(tài)和語態(tài)兩個方面）2）They are repairing the machi

8、ne.r The machine is being repaired by them.3）The workers have done the job.r The job has been done by the workers.四、特殊句型的被動語態(tài)：含有使役動詞（ make /let /have ）或感官動詞（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch, feel, notice, observe等）的句子，在主動語態(tài)中這些詞后常跟不帶to的動詞不定式，但是在改成被動語態(tài)時，則一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help這一個詞在主動語態(tài)中后面的動詞不定

9、式可以帶to,也可不帶to,但在被動語態(tài)中也必須把to加上去。例: Mother often makes me do some housework.r lam often made to do some housework by mother. We saw him run. into the classroom.r He was seen to run into the classroom by us.teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等動詞常常帶有兩個賓語（雙賓語：直接賓語和間接賓語），改為被動語態(tài)時，兩個賓語可以選其中任一個作主語。如果直接賓語被提前作主

10、語，那么間接賓語（一般是人）前要加相應(yīng)的介詞to/for。例： S he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.r | was given a pen by her.r a pen was given to me by her. My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.r | was bought a new bike by my father.r a new bike was bought for me by my father.由不及物動詞（vi） +介詞/副

11、詞+賓語的句子改成被動語態(tài)時，介詞或副詞不能丟掉。（前面已舉過兩例）常見的這類短語動詞有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up 等。例： W e should speak to old people politely.r Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). He took away the box.r The boxwas taken away by him.含有賓語補足語的句子改為變動語態(tài)。（賓補放在原來位置不變）例： We caj him

12、Xiao Ma.主謂賓 賓補-H e is called Xiao Ma by us. He found the book very interesting.r The book was found very intere sting by him.（5）主動表示被動Want, need, require表 需要"時有兩種被動語態(tài)形式。The roomrequires cleaning.l requires to be cleaned.Worth doing表示被動。The book is well worth reading.五、沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞1. 表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動詞如：

13、sell, study, grow, begin, read, cost, fit, have, suit等沒有被動形式，2. 不及物動詞或動詞短語如:appear, die ,disappear, end （vi.結(jié)束）,fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（傳播）,stand, come true, fall asleep, rise,.result from（緣于），belong to, consist ofhappen = take place, break out（爆發(fā)）,break down（壞了 ）3. 大多數(shù)系動詞：be ,feel （摸起來

14、）,sound（聽起來）,look（看起來）,smell（聞起來）taste （嘗起來）,prove（證 明），turn, become, remain, stay等詞無被動語態(tài)，它們的主動形式表示獨動意攵。例：The skirt feels very soft.這件裙子摸起來很柔軟。Many changes have happened in our hometown.The film lasted for 3 hours.The book sells well.The kind of cloth cleans/washes easily.被動語態(tài)考點歸納主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時，被動語態(tài)應(yīng)和主

15、動語態(tài)的時態(tài)保持一致。We speak English .（改為被動語態(tài)）English by us.分析此句主動語態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，被動語態(tài)也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，因此，答案應(yīng)是is spoken。注意被動語態(tài)的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時是：am / is / are + p.p ; 一般過去時是：was / were + p.p ;現(xiàn)在完成時是：have / has / been + p.p ;現(xiàn)在進行時是： am / is / are / + being + p.p ；含有情態(tài)動詞 的是：情態(tài)動詞+ be + p.p。（注：p.p過去分詞）。We must take good care of ou

16、r eyes.（改為被動語態(tài)）Our eyes must good care of.分析此句中含有情態(tài)動詞must,那么，我們根據(jù)情態(tài)動詞+ be+p.p.的公式可知，答案應(yīng)是be taken。3. 注意句中主謂語的一致關(guān)系。Tea （grow） in southeast of China and India.分析此句中主語tea是不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。而此句說明的又是一自 然現(xiàn)象，因此就應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。所以，答案應(yīng)是is grown。4. 注意復(fù)合賓語的變化They couldn ' t make the cow go改為被動語態(tài)）分析the cow go在句中

17、作make的復(fù)合賓語。一般情況下，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，賓語補足語的結(jié) 構(gòu)形式、所處位置原封不動地保存下來，但 make / have / let / see / watch / hear等后原可省的to要還原回來。顯然，此句中，the cow go中省去的to應(yīng)還原回來，因此答案應(yīng)是 The cow couldn ' t be made to go.5. 注意雙賓語的變化。Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday .（改為被動語態(tài)）Two pictures the students by Mr Smith.分析變?yōu)榈娜魏我粋€皆可變?yōu)橹髡Z，一般變直接賓語，但間接賓語前必須加上介詞to或for。此句中顯然是