【語法課件】最新高考英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)復習課件(1)

1、English Basic Tenses (時態(tài)時態(tài))他昨天他昨天來來了了. 他已經(jīng)他已經(jīng)來來了了.他明天他明天來來.漢語借助漢語借助詞匯手段詞匯手段而非詞的形態(tài)變化來表示而非詞的形態(tài)變化來表示動作的發(fā)生動作的發(fā)生,而英語主要通過而英語主要通過謂語動詞時態(tài)謂語動詞時態(tài)變化變化來表現(xiàn)來表現(xiàn).任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意時態(tài)時態(tài).He came yesterday.He has come.He will come tomorrow.一般過去時一般過去時 ( The Simple Past Tense )一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 ( The Simple Present tense 一般將來時一

2、般將來時( The Simple Future Tense )現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時(The Present Continuous Tense)過去進行時過去進行時(The Past Continuous Tense)現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時(The Present Perfect Tense) 過去完成時過去完成時 (The Past Perfect Tense)過去將來時過去將來時(The Simple Past Future Tense)How did you spend your childhood?(3 sentences or more,使用實意動使用實意動詞和系動詞詞和系動詞, 注意動

3、詞形式變化注意動詞形式變化)Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spentplayed didntwere1 一般過去時一般過去時 ( The Simple Past Tense )1.結構結構: 謂動用動詞過去式謂動用動詞過去式2.用法用法:

4、在在過去時間里所發(fā)生過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。狀態(tài)。常與表示過去時間的時間狀語連用。常與表示過去時間的時間狀語連用。如如 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。等。How is your daily life as a high school student?(3 sentences or more,使用實意動詞和系動詞使用實意動詞和系動詞, 注意動詞形式變化注意動詞形式變化)二二. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 ( The Present Indefinite )1.結構結構:主語為主語為第三人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù),謂動要變化謂

5、動要變化,其其余人稱用原形余人稱用原形. I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families.2. 用法用法:1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻率的時的動作，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用，如間狀語連用，如often/ usually, every, sometimes, at, on Sunday。2)表示不受時間限制的表示不受時間限制的科學事實或客觀真理科學事實或客觀真理。The earth moves around the sun.3

6、) 表示已表示已安排或計劃好將來必定會發(fā)生安排或計劃好將來必定會發(fā)生的動作的動作或存在的狀態(tài)或存在的狀態(tài), 一般用于一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等動詞中，常與時等動詞中，常與時間狀語連用如：間狀語連用如：The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m.Dad said to me, “I will buy a computer for you if you can pass the exam.” Dad told me (that) he _ (buy) a computer for me if I c

7、ould pass the exam.would buy.過去將來時過去將來時(The past future simple Tense)1. 用法用法: 過去將來時表示立足于過去某一時間看過去將來時表示立足于過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用于賓語從句常用于賓語從句中中.2.結構結構: 1)Should / would+動詞原形動詞原形The boy promised he would work hard.I told my parents I should return early.2).其他形式其他形式 was (were) going to wa

8、s (were) to +動詞原形動詞原形 was (were) about to猶如 pictureHow will you spend your Spring Festival holiday?I willIm going to三三. 一般將來時一般將來時( The Simple Future Tense )1. will / be going to do2. be +to do，按，按計劃或正式安排計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。將發(fā)生的事。We are to have an exam this week.3. be about to do, 表示表示馬上做某事馬上做某事, 不能與明確不能與明

9、確表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將來的時間狀語連用.He is about to leave for Beijing.What are they doing now?They are having a class.四四. 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時(The Present Continuous Tense)2. 用法：用法：1) 表示表示現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在( 指說話時指說話時)正在發(fā)生正在發(fā)生的事情。的事情。We are having English class now.2) 表示表示目前這段時間內目前這段時間內正在進行的動作正在進行的動作,但說但說話時動作未必正在進行。話時動作未必正在進行。She is lea

10、rning piano under Mr. Smith.1.結構結構: be (am, are, is)+ doing3) 現(xiàn)在進行時用來表示現(xiàn)在進行時用來表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作動作,多用于表示多用于表示移動移動的動詞的動詞,如如: come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay.I m leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?On August 8, 2008, the 29th Olimpic Games was opening in Beijing.What were you d

11、oing on that day?五五. 過去進行時過去進行時(The Past Continuous Tense)1. 結構：結構：was/ were + doing2. 用法用法:表示過去某時或某段時間正在進行的動表示過去某時或某段時間正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)。作或狀態(tài)。常用的時間狀語常用的時間狀語at ten yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileEnglish, boring or funny?Q1: How old were you when you first started learning English?Q2:

12、How long have you learnt English?A: We have learnt English for many years since we were 6 years old.六六. 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時(The present Perfect Tense) 1. 結構結構: have (has) +過去分詞過去分詞2.用法用法: 1). 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某一時間開始，一直延現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài), 通常用于延續(xù)性動詞通常用于延續(xù)性動詞. 常常與表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用與表示延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用,如如:so fa

13、r, up to now, recently, in the past 6 years, since,for 等等等等 I have lived in Zhuhai for 3 years.2).表示發(fā)生在過去的某一動作表示發(fā)生在過去的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果或結果,常用的時間狀語有常用的時間狀語有: just ,already, yet,ever, never, once等等等等.We have finished our lunch already.Have you ever tried this method?比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1)

14、. 一般過去時只表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存一般過去時只表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)在的狀態(tài), 不涉及對現(xiàn)在的影響不涉及對現(xiàn)在的影響；現(xiàn)在完成；現(xiàn)在完成時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或狀態(tài)時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在,或強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的造成的影響或強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的造成的影響。 My family lived in Zhuhai ten years ago. （現(xiàn)在不在了（現(xiàn)在不在了) My family have lived in Zhuhai for 10 years. (目前還在珠海目前還在珠海) 2). 過去時常過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用與具體

15、的表示過去的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與不確定的不確定的或或包括現(xiàn)在在內包括現(xiàn)在在內的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語. I studied in Zhongshan university in 2000.(2000年表示具體的過去時間）年表示具體的過去時間）I have studied in Zhongshan university since 2000. (since 2000表示從表示從2000年至今年至今,包包括現(xiàn)在在內括現(xiàn)在在內)I have just bought an apartment. (just表示不表示不確定的時間狀語）確定的時

16、間狀語）注意：注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。的。I have received his letter for a month. （錯）（錯） I havent received his letter for almost a month. （對）（對）比較比較since和和for since +時間點時間點, 用來說明動作起始時間用來說明動作起始時間 for+ 時間段時間段, 用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。I have lived h

17、ere for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.七七.過去完成時過去完成時 (The past perfect Tense)1. 結構結構: had + 過去分詞過去分詞2. 概念：表示過去的過去概念：表示過去的過去-|-|-|-過去之前過去之前 過去現(xiàn)在將來過去現(xiàn)在將來 You graduated (畢業(yè)畢業(yè)) from Junior Middle School in July 2009. You had stayed there for 3 years when you graduated.When the

18、 police arrived, the thieves _(run away).When I came into the classroom, my dear students _ (begin) reading. had run awayhad begunExercises1. I usually _ up at 6:00, but yesterday I _ up at 7:00 and tomorrow I _ up at 6:30. (get)2. Listen! Someone _ (knock) at the door.3. I _ (be) in Beijing for two

19、 years.4. How often _ Andy _ (surf) the internet?5. He fell asleep while he _ (read) a book.getwill getgotis knocking have been doessurfwas reading6. I _ never _ (hear) of that man before.7. My brother often _ (go) for walks last summer.8. Lily said she _ (put) on the new dress the next day.9. _ the

20、 story _ (happen) in London in 1949?10. What _ his mother _ (do) when he opened the door?haveheardwentwould Did happenwasdoing11. If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, they _ (go) fishing. 12. _ your mother _ the piano every Sunday?13. They _ (not) call you the day after tomorrow.14. Tom _ (work) there since

21、 two years ago.15. By the time I _ (walk) into the classroom, the teacher _ (start) teaching. doesnt rainwill go Does has workedwont walkedhad startedplay Jenny Jenny _ (be) a foreign girl. She _ (come) from the United States. Look, she _ (draw) pictures in the living room. Two years ago, her parent

22、s _ (move) to China. Jenny _ (not have) any friends, so she _ (feel) lonely. But now, she _ (have) many Chinese friends and _ (study) with them everyday. Jenny _ (visit) her grandparents in the United States next month.iscomesis drawingmoveddidnt havefelthasstudieswill visit an empty street an empty

23、 housea hole inside heartIm all alone and the roomsare getting smallerI wonder how i wonder whyI wonder where they arethe days we hadthe songs we sang togetherand oh! my love Im holding on foreverreaching for a lovethat seems so farso i say a litter prayerno my dream will take me therewhere the skie

24、s are blue to see youonce again my loveOne good turn deserves another I _ (have) dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony _ (work) in a lawyers office years ago, but he _ (work) at a bank now. He _ (get) a good salary, but he always _ (borrow) money from his friends and never _ (pay) it

25、 back. Tony _ (see) me and _ (come) and _ (sit) at the same table. He _ never _ (borrow) money from me. While he _ (eat), I _ (ask) him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he _ (give) me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Tony said, so now you can pay for my dinne

26、r! was havingworkedis workingaskedsawcamehassatgavewas eatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed動詞的語態(tài)動詞的語態(tài) 語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)； 主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。We watched a film last night.I drink milk everyday.A film _. Milk _. Summary (總結總結): is / was +done (p.p)was wat

27、ched by us last nightis drunk by me everydayWill/ would be done新電腦下周將投入使用。新電腦下周將投入使用。The new computers will be used next week.媽媽告訴我我的自行車明天去修。媽媽告訴我我的自行車明天去修。My mother told me that my bike would be repaired the next day.am/ is /are being donewas/ were being done中國國家大劇院正在建設當中。中國國家大劇院正在建設當中。The National

28、 Opera Building is being built at present. has/ have been donehad been done這個問題已經(jīng)得到了圓滿的解決。這個問題已經(jīng)得到了圓滿的解決。The problem has been well solved.昨天晚上我到超市的時候，牛奶已經(jīng)賣完了。昨天晚上我到超市的時候，牛奶已經(jīng)賣完了。The milk had been sold when I got to the supermarket last night. 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)比較：比較： rise是不及物動詞；是不及物動詞；ra

29、ise是及物動詞。是及物動詞。 The price has been risen.The price has risen. The price has raised. The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.(錯錯)(對對)(錯錯)(對對)(錯錯)(對對) 要想正確地使用被動語要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。的動詞往往有

30、兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。習過程中多留意積累。一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時: be( am/are/is) + p.p.( 過去分詞過去分詞)一般過去時一般過去時: be(was/ were) + p.p.一般將來時一般將來時: will be + p.p.過去將來時過去將來時: would be + p.p.現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時: be( am/are/is)+ being+ p.p.過去進行時過去進行時:be(was/ were )+ being+ p.p.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時: have/ has+ been + p.p.過去完成時過去完成時:had

31、+ been + p.p.高中英語教學大納中要求掌握的只有八種：高中英語教學大納中要求掌握的只有八種：一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在進行時，過去進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，現(xiàn)在進行時，過去進行時，現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時，過去將來時。過去完成時，過去將來時。另外現(xiàn)在完成進行時，過去完成進行時和另外現(xiàn)在完成進行時，過去完成進行時和將來完成時也比較常用。將來完成時也比較常用。動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài) 時態(tài) 主動 被動 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 do be( am/are/is) + done 一般過去時一般過去時 did be(was/ were) + done

32、 一般將來時一般將來時 Will do will be + done 過去將來時過去將來時 Would do would be + done 現(xiàn)在進行現(xiàn)在進行 be( am/are/is)+doing be( am/are/is)+ being+ done 過去進行時過去進行時 be(was/ were )+doing be(was/ were )+ being+ done 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 have/ has+ been +doing have/ has+ been + done 過去完成時過去完成時 had + been +doing had + been +doneChallenge

33、 yourself!1、對於這個問題，關注很少。、對於這個問題，關注很少。Little attention was paid to this problem.2、課堂上應該鼓勵小組討論。、課堂上應該鼓勵小組討論。 Group discussion should be encouraged in class.3、據(jù)報導，這里將修建一條新的馬路。、據(jù)報導，這里將修建一條新的馬路。It is reported that a new road will be built here.4、必須采取措施來防止河流受到污染。、必須采取措施來防止河流受到污染。 Measures should be taken

34、to stop the river from being polluted.動詞時態(tài)的一些典型用法動詞時態(tài)的一些典型用法 1. 在條件狀語從句、時間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句中，在條件狀語從句、時間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句中，主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)。 The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she arrives. Can I join your club, Dad? You can when you get a bit older. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the fac

35、tory closes. He will work wherever he is wanted. 2. 語境中的過去時，往往表示語境中的過去時，往往表示“剛才，剛剛剛才，剛剛”之意，暗示之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已現(xiàn)在已“不再這樣不再這樣”。 Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you ! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift. Your phone number again? I didnt quite catch it. Nancy is not

36、coming tonight. But she promised ! 3. 用一般過去時表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作 (也可用也可用 “used to do”或或 “would do” 代替代替)。During the vacation I often swam/ would swim in the sea. I used to smoke. 4. 表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。其過去完成時表示過

37、去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。I had hoped to see more of ShangHai. I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment. I had thought you would come tomorrow. 5. 某些固定句式中的動詞時態(tài)是固定的、約定某些固定句式中的動詞時態(tài)是固定的、約定俗成的。俗成的。 It / This is the first time I have come here. It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake

38、. It is / has been two months since I gave up smoking. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. I was about to go out when the telephone rang. They were reading when Tom shouted in pain. Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down. It + be + 一段時間一段時間 + before 從

39、句從句It wont be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soom.)It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )高考對于進行體的常考點高考對于進行體的?？键c 一個長動作作為背景，被一個短動作打斷，長一個長動作作為背景，被一個短動作打斷，長動作往往用進行體，短動作用一般體。如：動作往往用進行體，短動作用一般體。如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt

40、himself. The students were writing busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. As she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep. The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it. 表示動作的未完性、暫時性。如：

41、表示動作的未完性、暫時性。如： Have you moved into the new house ? Not yet. The rooms are being painted. I dont really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. Shirley was writing a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. Selecting a mobile phone for a perso

42、nal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly. 表示計劃、安排要做的事。如：表示計劃、安排要做的事。如：Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I am taking my mum. What were you doing when Tony phoned you ? I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 表示現(xiàn)在或當時發(fā)展中的或正在進行的表示現(xiàn)在或當時發(fā)展中的或正在進行的情況

43、情況。I dont think Jim saw me; he was just staring into space. I first met Lisa 3 years ago. She was working at a radio shop at the time. Is this raincoat yours ? No, mine is hanging there behind the door. Hey, look where you are going ! Oh, Im terribly sorry, I wasnt noticing. 主動和被動主動和被動 一、一、 get + 過去分詞可以表示被動，此結