高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解與練習(xí)廣圖鐘祥春

1、高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞精講與解析 課前小測(cè) 1. I wish to go home now, _.I?A. may B. can't C. must D. do2. He must have finished his homework, _he?A. mustn't B. didn't C. needn't D. hasn't3. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn't. Whose _.it be?A. must B. can C. may D. might4. He didn't do well in t

2、he exam. He _.hard at his lessons.A. must have worked B. ought to have workedC. would have worked D. has worked5. I wonder how he_. that to the teacher.A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say6. Mr Baker, a number of students want to see you. _ they waithere or outside?A. Should B.

3、 Will C. Shall D. Are7. It's still early, you_.A. mustn't hurry B. wouldn't hurry C. may not hurry D. don't have to hurry8. I _.give you an answer tomorrow. I promise!A. must B. will C. may D. shall9. As a soldier, you _.do as the head tells you.A. will B. shall C. may D. ought10. Th

4、e streets are all dry. It_ during the night.A. can't have rained B. must have rained C. couldn't rain D. shouldn't have rained 一 概 說(shuō)助動(dòng)詞主要有兩類：基本助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。1.基本助動(dòng)詞有三個(gè)：do, have和be；2.情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞有13個(gè), 常見(jiàn)用法如下：can, could; 能夠（表能力）；可能（表推測(cè)，可能性較大）；可以（表允許）may, might; 可能（表推測(cè)，可能性較?。?； 可以（表允許）will, would; 表意愿，

5、決心shall, should; 應(yīng)該must, 必須，（主觀）；一定（表推測(cè)）；need,需要 ；dare敢, have to（半助動(dòng)詞）不得不，（客觀）, ought to應(yīng)該. 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用法：總的來(lái)說(shuō)，有情態(tài)功能（語(yǔ)氣的強(qiáng)弱）和推測(cè)功能（可能性的大?。?；用在系動(dòng)詞be和主動(dòng)詞前；后面+動(dòng)詞原形；否定，直接加not (dont have to-didnt have to)；在疑問(wèn)句和倒裝句中，須提前。上述兩類助動(dòng)詞的共同特征是，在協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成限定動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，具有作用詞的功能：1） 構(gòu)成否定式： He didn't go and neither did she. The meet

6、ing might not start until 5 o'clock.2） 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或附加疑問(wèn)式： Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you?3） 構(gòu)成修辭倒裝： Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.4） 代替限定動(dòng)詞詞組： A: Who can solve this crossw

7、ord puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.二情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的特征基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是，基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義，而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法，或表示主觀設(shè)想： What have you been doing since? （構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體，本身無(wú)詞義） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或許已經(jīng)） 除此之外，情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞還有如下詞法和句法特征

8、：1） 除ought和used以外，其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。 如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話，那么，所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)一例外地只能接不帶to的不 定式(即情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞后+動(dòng)詞原形)： We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞在限定動(dòng)詞詞組總是位居第一： They need not have been punished so severely.3） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，沒(méi)有詞形變化，即其詞

9、尾無(wú)-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks.4） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非限定形式，即沒(méi)有不定式、-ing分詞和-ed分詞形式： Still, she needn't have run away.5） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”的形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場(chǎng)合，情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí)間： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it.6） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個(gè)

10、限定動(dòng)詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，但有時(shí)卻可以與have和be基本助動(dòng)詞連用： You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.三.情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的意義和用法 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞從最普通的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，是修飾分句意義的一種方式，它可以反映說(shuō)話者對(duì)其表述是否真實(shí)和可能的程度作出判斷。但不同的情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞本身所包含的意義和用法又不同，下面逐個(gè)分析。1） can和could的用法1. 表示能力或客觀可能性，還可以表示請(qǐng)求和允許。如： Can you finish this work tonight? Man

11、 cannot live without air. Can I go now? Yes, you can.注意：could也可表示請(qǐng)求，預(yù)期委婉，主要用于疑問(wèn)句，不可用于肯定句，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)用can（即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中）。如： Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （否定答語(yǔ)可用No, I'm afraid not.）can表示能力時(shí)，還可用be able to代替。如： I'll not be able to come this afternoon.2. “can(could) + have + 過(guò)去分

12、詞”的疑問(wèn)或否定形式表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。如： He can not have been to that town. Can he have got the book?2） may和might的用法1. 表示許可。表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比many的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用mustn't表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如： You may drive the car. Might I use your pen? No, you mustn't.用May I . 征詢對(duì)方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日?？谡Z(yǔ)中，用Can I . 征詢對(duì)方

13、意見(jiàn)在現(xiàn)代口語(yǔ)中更為常見(jiàn)。2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed!3. 表示推測(cè)、可能（疑問(wèn)句不能用于此意）。 He may be very busy now.4. “may(might) + have + 過(guò)去分詞”表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。如： He may not have finished the work.3） must和have to的用法1. 表示必須、必要。如： You must come in time.回答must引出的問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。 Mu

14、st we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.)2. “must be + 表語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，它的否定或疑問(wèn)式用can代替must。 This must be your pen.3. “must + have + 過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。它的否定或疑問(wèn)式用can代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai.4. have to的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定。

15、must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同： must表示的是說(shuō)話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如： The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. must一般只表現(xiàn)在，have則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。 二者的否定意義不大相同。如： You mustn't go. 你可不要去。 You don't have to go. 你不必去。 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用must。如： Must I clean all the room?4） dare和nee

16、d的用法1. need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must.注意：needn't + 不定式的完成式“表示本來(lái)不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”。如： You needn't have waited for me.2. Dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say

17、 I'm unfair. He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3. Dare和need常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Don't you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) sa

18、y that. He needs to finish it this evening.5） shall和should的用法1. Shall用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意愿。如： What shall we do this evening?2. Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。如： Shall we begin our lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?3. Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如： You shall fail if you don

19、't work harder. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允諾） He shall be punished. （威脅）4. Should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to；在疑問(wèn)句中，通常用should代替ought to。如： You should go to class right away. Should I open the window?Should的含義較多，用法較活，現(xiàn)介紹三種其特殊用法。請(qǐng)看下面的句子： I should think it would be better to t

20、ry it again. 我倒是認(rèn)為最好再試一試。 You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞錯(cuò)了。 I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是勸你別這樣做。 This is something I should have liked to ask you. 這是我本來(lái)想問(wèn)你的。 從以上例句可以看出：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should用于第一人稱時(shí)可以表示說(shuō)話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語(yǔ)氣。 Should還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，表示一件事聽(tīng)起來(lái)可能性很小，但也不是完全沒(méi)有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬(wàn)一”的意思。從句謂語(yǔ)由should加動(dòng)詞原形

21、構(gòu)成，主句謂語(yǔ)卻不一定用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如： Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你萬(wàn)一見(jiàn)到她，請(qǐng)讓她給我打個(gè)電話。 If you should change your mind, please let us know. 萬(wàn)一你改變主意，請(qǐng)通知我們。 Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 萬(wàn)一我明天有時(shí)間，我就來(lái)。此外，Why(or How) + should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會(huì)”。如： Why should you be so late

22、 today? 你幾天怎么來(lái)得這么晚？ Where is Betty living? 貝蒂住在哪里？ How should I know? 我怎么會(huì)知道呢？ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你憑什么認(rèn)為這件事是我干的。5. “should + have + 過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)一般表示義務(wù)，表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做到，并包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。如：She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could. You should

23、 have started earlier.6） will和would的用法1. 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。如： Would you pass me the book?2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。如： I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again.3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 過(guò)去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對(duì)目前情況的推測(cè)，后者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。如： This will be the book you wa

24、nt. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now.4. Would可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某中傾向。Would表過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，并沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。如： The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week.5. 表料想或猜想。如： It would be about ten w

25、hen he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. 7） ought to的用法1. Ought to表示應(yīng)該。如： You ought to take care of him.2. 表示推測(cè)。注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別： He must be at home by now. （斷定他已到家） He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定） This is where the oil must be. （比較直率） This i

26、s where the oil ought to be. （比較含蓄）3. “ought to + have + 過(guò)去分詞”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didn't).這時(shí)，ought to和should可以互相換用。注意：在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，ought to用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn't smoke so much.8） used to，had better，would rather的用法1. Used to，過(guò)去常常

27、，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語(yǔ)中，其形式可不變。如： He told us he used to play football when he was young.在疑問(wèn)句、否定句、否定疑問(wèn)句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式：疑問(wèn)句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother?否定句 I usedn't to go there. I didn't use to go there.Usedn't 亦

28、可拼作usen't，但發(fā)音皆為ju:znt。否定疑問(wèn)句 Usen't you to be interested in the theatre? Didn't you use to be interested in the theatre?強(qiáng)調(diào)句 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.其反意疑問(wèn)句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中，也有兩種形式： She used to be very fat, didn

29、9;t she? （正式）/ use(d)n't she? （口語(yǔ)） Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did. Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)2. Had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。如： We had better go now. Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better). Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not

30、 stop now?) I think I'd better be going. （用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表“最好立即”） You had better have done that. （用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，表未完成動(dòng)作）注：had best與had better同意，但較少用。You had better 用于同輩或小輩，對(duì)長(zhǎng)輩不可用。3. Would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。如： I'd rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? Wouldn't you rather sta

31、y here? No, I would not. I'd rather go there.由于would rather表選擇，因而后可接than。如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. I'd rather you didn't talk about this to anyone. （句中的'd rather不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，would在此是表愿望的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用“七注意” 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般沒(méi)有人稱和

32、數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，需與后面的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下七點(diǎn)：1、表示“不能”的can't 與mustn't的區(qū)別。can't表示“不能”時(shí)，意指沒(méi)有能力；mustn't表示“不能”時(shí)，意指禁止或不允許。試比較：The old man is so tired that he _ go any farther.The baby is asleep. You _ make any noise.2、表示“必須”的must和have to的區(qū)別。must表示說(shuō)話人的主觀看法；而have to則表示客觀需要。試比較：You _ finish th

33、e work today. My father _ work when he was ten years old.3、回答must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，如果是否定回答，一般不用mustn't，而要用needn't或 don't have to。如：Must we hand in our exercise books today?No, you _. / No, you _.4、回答表示請(qǐng)求的may引導(dǎo)的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，不可用may not，而要用mustn't，也可用can't。如：May I use your ruler?No, you _. / No,

34、you _.5、作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，need一般不用于肯定句中，僅用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。在肯定句中，它用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式或名詞、代詞作其賓語(yǔ)。如： You _（沒(méi)必要）come so early. He _（需要）finish it this evening. Need I finish the work today?Yes, you _.6、在回答could引導(dǎo)的表示請(qǐng)求的一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，不能用could回答，而要用can。如：Could you tell me how to get to the hospital?Of course, I

35、_.7、“May you + 動(dòng)詞原形 .”，意為“祝愿”。如：May you succeed! 祝你成功！May you be happy every day！ 祝你天天快樂(lè)！五不同的“肯定”程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實(shí)) He must be at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He could be at home.（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能） He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許, 非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許不

36、在家）He may not be at home. （比might可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）He isn't at home.（事實(shí)）六語(yǔ)法講解：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)及虛擬用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)就是指講話者使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對(duì)客觀事物的主觀看法，而當(dāng)表示對(duì)客觀事物的一種主觀愿望、假設(shè)和建議時(shí)，就要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。常用來(lái)表示推測(cè)和虛擬的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can,may,could,might,should,ought to,must,need等。 下面是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)及虛擬的常見(jiàn)用法： 1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形，表示對(duì)

37、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況的推測(cè)。例如： I don't know where she is;she may be in Wuhan.我不知道她在哪兒，可能在武漢。 2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。例如： At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時(shí)，想必我們老師正在批改試卷。 3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。它又分以下幾種： 1)may(might)havedone sth,can(could)havedone sth.表示對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，表示可

38、能性程度由大到小依次為can,could,may,might。 否定句may(might)not havedone sth., can(could)not havedone sth.表示推測(cè)過(guò)去時(shí)間里不可能發(fā)生的事情。例如： Philip may(might)/can(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在車禍中受了重傷。 Mike can't have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克不可能找到他的車，因?yàn)樗裉煸缟鲜浅斯财噥?lái)

39、上班的。 2)must have + done sth.,對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，具有"肯定"，"想必"的意思。例如： The road is wet.It must have rained last night.路是濕的，昨晚一定下過(guò)雨。3)ought to havedone sth.,should have done sth.表示本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實(shí)上并沒(méi)有做。否定句oughtn't to have done sth.,shouldn't have done sth.,表示本不該做某事但卻做了。例如：You o

40、ught to(should)have been more careful in this experiment.你當(dāng)時(shí)在做試驗(yàn)時(shí)應(yīng)該更仔細(xì)點(diǎn)。 He ought not to(shouldn't)have thrown the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服扔了。(事實(shí)上已經(jīng)扔了。) 4)needn't havedone sth.表示本沒(méi)有必要做某事，但卻做了。例如： I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I needn't have done so.The weather was hot.這次旅行，我穿得衣服

41、較多，其實(shí)沒(méi)有必要。那時(shí)天很熱。 4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去一直在做的事情的推測(cè)。例如： Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的意愿、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議。虛擬語(yǔ)氣不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用特殊的形式表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣。1 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)形式。從句主句過(guò)去式 (be和were)would (should、could)+ 動(dòng)詞原形例如：If Tom were hungry, he would eat the bread. (In fact, Tom isnt

42、hungry.)2 表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的謂語(yǔ)形式。從句主句had + 過(guò)去分詞would (should、could) + have +過(guò)去分詞例如：If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the early bus. (In fact, I didnt catch the bus.)3 表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的謂語(yǔ)形式。 從句主句動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should + 動(dòng)詞原形were to + 動(dòng)詞原形would (should、could) + 動(dòng)詞原形例如：If they came tomorrow, we would told them

43、 about it. (In fact, they wont come tomorrow。)4 動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去式、過(guò)去完成式或would、might加原形。例如：I wish I were as strong as you.He wished I would stay with us.She wished I had attended the meeting yesterday.5 在有些動(dòng)詞如：suggest、insist、order等動(dòng)詞后，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。例如：He suggested that we (s

44、hould) discuss the problem right now.6 在有些句型中如：It is important (necessary、natural、strange等) + that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。例如：It is necessary that the doctor (should) be sent there at once.7 在It is time that, I would rather that句式中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。例如：It is time we went to bed.I would rather he ca

45、me next week.七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的變化：（一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could，以work為例)1.簡(jiǎn)單型(Simple)：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的狀態(tài) I could work (動(dòng)詞不可加 to ，如：to work。下同) you could work he could work she could work it could work we could work they could work2 .完成式型 (Perfect)：表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài) I could have worked (動(dòng)詞是 have + v-ed 過(guò)去分詞。下同) you could have worked he could have

46、 worked she could have worked it could have worked we could have worked they could have worked3. 進(jìn)行式型 (Continuous)：表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)還在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)I could be working (動(dòng)詞是be + v-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞。下同) you could be working he could be working she could be working it could be working we could be working they could be working4. 完成

47、進(jìn)行式型 (Perfect Continuous)：表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài) I could have been working (動(dòng)詞是 have been + v-ing 現(xiàn)在分詞。下同) you could have been working he could have been working she could have been working it could have been working we could have been working they could have been working(二).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)句：只要將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)(Subject)的前面，句尾

48、加上問(wèn)號(hào)。這樣就成了疑問(wèn)句。1. She can work.(主語(yǔ)she, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can，動(dòng)詞 work) Can she work ? (這就是疑問(wèn)句）2. He would be working. (主語(yǔ)he, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 would，動(dòng)詞 be working) Would he be working ?3. They should have worked. (主語(yǔ)they, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should, 動(dòng)詞have worked) Should they have worked ?4. I could have been working. (主語(yǔ) I, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 could, 動(dòng)詞 ha

49、ve beenworking) Could I have been working ?(三).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定句：在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的后面加上 not 就成了情太動(dòng)詞否定句。1. She can work. She cannot work. (注意：can 和 not 須連在一起）(這就是否定句)2. He would be working. He would not be working. (would not)3. They should have worked. They should not have worked. (should not)4. I could have been workin

50、g. I could not have been working. (could not)(四)>在口語(yǔ)中，否定情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的縮寫法：1. cannot - can't2. could not - couldn't3. might not - mightn't (很少用)4. must not - mustn't5. shall not - shan't (幾乎沒(méi)人用了)6. should not - shouldn't7. will not - won't (可不是 win't 喔！)8. would not - wouldn

51、't(五).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定疑問(wèn)句：將否定情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到主語(yǔ)的前面，就成了否定疑問(wèn)句。1. Can she not work ? 或 Can't she work ? 2. Would he not be working ? 或 Wouldn't he be working ?3. Should they not have worked ? 或 Shouldn't they have worked ?4. Could I not have been working ? 或 Couldn't I have been working ?（六.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反問(wèn)句：1

52、. She can work. 反問(wèn)句：She can work, can't she ?2. He would be working. 反問(wèn)句：He would be working, wouldn't he ?3. They should have worked. 反問(wèn)句：They should have worked, shouldn'tthey ?4. I could have been working. 反問(wèn)句：I could have been working, couldn'tI ?八精典名題導(dǎo)解下面以分析典型例句來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)及虛擬用法。

53、題1：Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class;she have studied very hard. A.may B.should C.must D.ought to 正確答案為C。譯文：瑪麗考試成績(jī)?nèi)嗟谝唬龑W(xué)習(xí)一定很刻苦?？崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞用的是完成式，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，空格中要填入一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)瑪麗考試能取得好成績(jī)?cè)虻耐茰y(cè)。A項(xiàng)表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事的可能性的推測(cè)，意思是"瑪麗可能學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦"，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)表示本該做某事但卻沒(méi)做，意思為"瑪麗本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦&quo

54、t;。只有C項(xiàng)符合題意。 題2：With all this work on hand ,he to the cinema last night. A.mustn't go B.oughtn't to go C.wouldn't go D.shouldn't have gone 正確答案為D。譯文：他手頭有這么多工作，昨晚不該去看電影。本句表達(dá)的是昨天已經(jīng)發(fā)生但卻不該發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的否定式，后接動(dòng)詞的完成式。 題3：You her in her office last Friday;she's been out of town

55、for two weeks. A.needn't have seen B.must have seen C.might have seen D.can't have seen 正確答案為D。譯文：上星期五你不可能在她辦公室見(jiàn)到她，她去外地已經(jīng)兩個(gè)星期了。選項(xiàng)A表示本沒(méi)有必要做某事，但卻做了，如選A意思是"你已見(jiàn)著她了"；選項(xiàng)B表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情的肯定推測(cè)，如選B意思是"你一定已經(jīng)看到她了"；選項(xiàng)C表示對(duì)過(guò)去可能發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，如選C意思是"你可能看到她了"，而根據(jù)后半句意思"她已經(jīng)去外地兩個(gè)星期了"來(lái)推測(cè)只有選項(xiàng)D符合題意。 題4：You all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing. A.needn't have done B.shouldn't have done C.must not have done D.cannot have done 正確答案為A。譯文：你沒(méi)有必要把全部計(jì)算都做了，這類計(jì)算我們用計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)做。選項(xiàng)B表示本不該做的事，但卻做了，選B意思為"你本不應(yīng)該做了全部計(jì)算"，含有責(zé)備的含義。選項(xiàng)C意思為"