Chapter4 國際貨物運輸保險 國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)雙語教程

1、Chapter 4Perils and Risks 風險RisksPerils of the Sea1. Natural Calamities: bad weather, thunder and lightening, earthquake, flood, tsunami, etc.2. Fortuitous Accidents: grounding, stranding, sunk, collision, fire, explosion, missing, etc.Extraneous Risks1. General Extraneous Risks: theft, breakage, le

2、akage, contamination, etc.2. Special Extraneous Risks: military affairs, war, strike, failure to delivery, rejection, etc.Perils and Risks 風險General Extraneous Risks一般外來風險一般外來風險Theft / Pilferage偷竊偷竊Contamination沾污沾污Leakage滲漏滲漏Breakage破碎Sweating and/or Heating受熱受潮Taint of Odor串味Rusting生銹Hook Damage鉤損

3、Fresh and/or Rain Water Damage 淡水雨淋險Shortage in Weight 短量Clashing 碰損Perils and Risks 風險Special extraneous risks特殊外來風險特殊外來風險 War Risk戰(zhàn)爭險 Strikes Risk罷工險 Rejection Risk拒收險 Failure to Delivery Risk交貨不到險 Aflatoxin Risk黃曲霉菌險 On Deck Risk艙面險Loss 損失損失Marine LossesA. Total Lossa. Actual Total Lossb. Constru

4、ctive Total LossB. Partial Lossa. General Averageb. Particular AverageLoss 損失損失Total Loss 全部損失全部損失 Actual Total Loss實際全損 Constructive Total Loss推定全損Loss 損失損失Partial Loss部分損失部分損失 General Average共同海損 Particular Average單獨海損 The differences between GA and PA Charge 費用Sue and Labor Charges施救費用 They are e

5、xtraordinary expenses made in a time of peril by the insured to act to avert or minimize any loss of or damage to the subject matter insured.Charge 費用Salvage Charges救助費用 They are expenses resulting from measures properly taken by a third party other than the insured, his agent, or any person employe

6、d by them to preserve maritime property from perils at sea.Basic Ocean Marine Cargo Insurance 基本險別Free from Particular Average (FPA）平安險）平安險 FPA means the compensation does not cover Particular Average. With Average: WPA or WA水漬險水漬險Basic Ocean Marine Cargo Insurance 基本險別With Average: WPA or WA水漬險水漬險

7、Aside from the risks covered under FPA conditions as above, this insurance also covers partial losses of the insured goods caused by natural calamities such as heavy weather, lightning, tsunami, earthquake or flood (excluding FPA).Basic Ocean Marine Cargo Insurance 基本險別All risks: AR一切險一切險 Aside from

8、 the risks covered under the FPA and WA conditions as above, this insurance covers 11 additional risks. In other words, all risks are the most comprehensive coverage among the three.Exclusions三種基本險的除外責任三種基本險的除外責任Insurance Duration保險期限（保險責任保險期限（保險責任的起訖）的起訖）Additional Risks 附加險別General Additional Risk

9、s 共11種Special Additional Risks War Risk戰(zhàn)爭險 Strikes Risk; S.R.C.C. Strike Riots and Civil Commotions罷工險Overland transportation insurance 陸上運輸貨物保險According to CIC, it covers rail and road transportation and it is applicable for Warehouse-to-Warehouse Clauses. 中國人民保險公司陸上運輸貨物保險條款規(guī)定，責任范圍僅限于火車和汽車運輸，也采用“倉至

10、倉”條款。Overland transportation insurance 陸上運輸貨物保險Coverage of Overland Transportation Insurance (similar to WPA) 陸運險（與水漬險陸運險（與水漬險相似）的承保責任范圍相似）的承保責任范圍Duration 保險責任的起訖期限保險責任的起訖期限Overland Additional Risks陸運附加險陸運附加險Air Transportation Cargo Insurance 航空運輸貨物保險Basic Air Transportation Cargo Insurance中國人中國人民保險

11、公司規(guī)定的基本險別民保險公司規(guī)定的基本險別 Coverage of Air Transportation Risk (WPA in Marine Cargo Insurance) 航空運輸險（海運水漬險）的承保責任范圍 Coverage of Air Transportation All Risks (external causes) 航空運輸一切險（一般附加險外來原因造成）的承保責任范圍Air Transportation Cargo Insurance 航空運輸貨物保險Duration航空運輸貨物保險責任起訖航空運輸貨物保險責任起訖 It follows W/W clauses, but

12、the insurance shall be limited to 30 days after completion of discharge of the insured cargo from the aircraft at the final airport of discharge. And if the cargo shall be transferred to the destination not indicated in the insurance policy, the insurance liability ends when transferring begins.Air

13、Transportation Cargo Insurance 航空運輸貨物保險Coverage of Air Transportation Cargo War Risk 航航空運輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險的承保責任范圍空運輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險的承保責任范圍 It is one type of Additional Risks to Air Transportation Risk based on Air Transportation Risk and Air Transportation All Risks.Air Transportation Cargo Insurance 航空運輸貨物保險Duration of

14、 Air Transportation Cargo War Risk空運戰(zhàn)爭險的起訖責任空運戰(zhàn)爭險的起訖責任 It is from charging the cargo on the plane to discharging from the plane at the destination indicated in the policy.從被保險貨物裝上飛機開始，直到卸離保險單所載明的目的地的飛機時為止。Parcel Post Insurance 郵包包裹保險 It includes Parcel Post Risk and Parcel Post All Risks and could b

15、e added with one or more types of additional risks caused by calamities and fortuitous accidents. 包括郵包險和郵包一切險，可加保一種或若干種附加險（自然災害、意外事故、外來原因）Parcel Post Insurance 郵包包裹保險Coverage of Parcel Post Risk 郵包險的承保責任范圍郵包險的承保責任范圍Coverage of Parcel Post All Risks 郵包一切險的承保責任范圍郵包一切險的承保責任范圍Duration of Parcel Post Ris

16、k 郵政包裹運輸險的責任起訖?quán)]政包裹運輸險的責任起訖Different Kinds of ICC clauses 倫敦保險協(xié)會修訂的海運貨物保險條款種類Institute Cargo Clauses A, ICC A 協(xié)會貨物條款（A）Institute Cargo Clauses B, ICC B協(xié)會貨物條款（B）Institute Cargo Clauses C, ICC C協(xié)會貨物條款（C）Institute War Clauses (Cargo) 協(xié)會戰(zhàn)爭險條款I(lǐng)nstitute Strikes Clauses (Cargo) 協(xié)會罷工險條款Malicious Damage Claus

17、es惡意損害險條款Characteristics of ICC Clauses 倫敦保險協(xié)會海運貨物保險條款的特點1.It cancels regulations divided by total loss or partial loss;2.Franchise ratio is not calculated when compensations are made;3.Insurance policy under ICC clauses is blank with clear and definite notes and without insurance conditions and rem

18、arks;4.Insurable interest clauses, successive freight clauses, value added clauses, default clauses, laws and practice are newly added to ICC clauses.Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC 倫敦協(xié)會貨物保險條款規(guī)定保險責任的方法ICC AICC BICC CCoverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC 倫敦協(xié)會貨物保險條款規(guī)定保險責任的方法ICC A1. Insur

19、ance Coverage ICC（A）承保的責任范圍2. Exclusions ICC（A）的除外責任General ExclusionsExclusions of Unseaworthiness and UnfitnessExclusions of WarExclusions of StrikesCoverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC 倫敦協(xié)會貨物保險條款規(guī)定保險責任的方法ICC B Insurance Coverage ICC（B）規(guī)定保險責任的方法 Specific Coverage ICC（B）險具體承保的風險 Exclusions ICC

20、（B）的除外責任 In addition to the exclusions of ICC A, it shall not cover deliberate damage to or deliberate destruction of the subject-matter insured or any part thereof by the wrongful act of any person or persons only excludes loss, damage or expenses attributable to willful misconduct of the assured.C

21、overage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC 倫敦協(xié)會貨物保險條款規(guī)定保險責任的方法ICC C Insurance Coverage ICC（C）規(guī)定保險責任的方法 It only covers losses caused by important events and is not liable for unimportant accidents and natural calamities. Exclusions ICC（C）的除外責任 The exclusions of ICC C are the same as that of ICC B.Insur

22、ance Terms in Sales Contract 進出口合同中的保險條款I(lǐng)nsurance terms may differ under different trade terms. 買賣合同中的保險條款，因采用不同的貿(mào)易術(shù)語而有所區(qū)別。Insurance Practice of China Export Companies 我國外貿(mào)企業(yè)辦理貨物運輸保險的做法Export Insurance出口貨物運輸保險出口貨物運輸保險逐筆投保逐筆投保 ways of calculating the insurance premium Amount Insured保險金額投保金額 Amount In

23、sured=CIF(1+10%) Premium保險費 Premium Rate保費率 Insurance Premium = Insurance Amount Premium Rate = CIF(1+10%) Premium RateInsurance Practice of China Export Companies 我國外貿(mào)企業(yè)辦理貨物運輸保險的做法Import Insurance 進口貨物運輸保險進口貨物運輸保險 Open cover 進口預約保險合同 Open policy 進口預約保險保單Insurance Documents 保險單據(jù)Definition 保險單據(jù)的定義保險單

24、據(jù)的定義 保險單據(jù)是保險公司在接受投保后簽發(fā)的承保憑證，是保險人和被保險人之間訂立的保險合同，在被保險貨物受到保險合同責任范圍的損失時，它是被保險人索賠和保險人理賠的主要依據(jù)。 在CIF、CIP合同中，保險單據(jù)是賣方必須向買方提供的主要單據(jù)之一。 保險單是可以背書轉(zhuǎn)讓的。Insurance Documents 保險單據(jù)Types of Insurance Documents 保險單據(jù)的種類保險單據(jù)的種類 Insurance Policy保險單 Insurance Certificate保險憑證 Endorsement 批單 Insurance Declaration保險通知書Case 1: O

25、ur exporter exported a load of cargo to a Middle-East country under CIF terms and covered WPA in addition to TPND, but the vessel was detained as a result of the Iran-Iraq war. The importer lodged a claim to the insurance company. Can the importer be compensated?Case 1: 我國某外貿(mào)公司按CIF條件向中東某國出口一批貨物，根據(jù)合同

26、投保了水漬險附加偷竊提貨不著險（TPND），但在海運途中，因兩伊戰(zhàn)爭船被扣押進口商應(yīng)提貨不著向保險公司索賠，問是否能得到賠償？Case 1: 解析：偷竊提貨不著險是指被保貨物整件被偷或從整件中竊取一部分，以致貨到目的地后收貨人提取不著整件的貨物。從本例來看，顯然不是屬于這種情況，所以保險公司將不予賠償。 Case 2: Questions: In the previous case, which type of insurance should be covered so that the insurance shall make indemnity? 上例應(yīng)保什么險，保險公司方予賠償？Cas

27、e 2: Analysis Failure to deliver risk shall be covered. Failure to deliver risk refers to the risk, once loaded on board the seagoing vessel; fail to be delivered at the destination within six months of scheduled date for arrival due to whatever cause it might be. However, the insurant shall handle

28、equity-transferring procedures so as to get compensation.Case 2: Analysis 應(yīng)保交貨不到險。因交貨不到險是指從貨物裝上船開始，六個月內(nèi)不能運到目的地，不論什么原因，保險公司要按全部損失賠償。不過被保險人要向保險人辦理權(quán)益轉(zhuǎn)讓手續(xù)，否則保險人不予賠償。Case 3: Our exporter exported 1,000 bales of gray cloth to Australia, covering WPA 100 bales were wetted as a result of leakage of the pipe

29、 during transit. Should the insurance company make indemnities?我國某外貿(mào)公司向澳大利亞出口坯布1000包，投保水漬險，貨在海運途中因船艙使用水管漏水，致使該批貨中100包浸水漬，問保險公司是否賠償？Case 3: Analysis: The insurance company is not liable unless fresh water rain damage was covered. 不賠，應(yīng)加保淡水雨淋險。Case 4: A vessel collapsed with flowing icebergs on the sea

30、 and a crack was founded on one side of the vessel. Sea water flooded in and part of the cargo was wet. The captain had to call at the nearest port to drain off water and afterwards threw off some bulky goods into the sea to make the vessel floating. Which part belongs to general average and which b

31、elongs to particular average?Case 4: 有一貨輪在海中與流冰相撞，船身一側(cè)裂口，海水涌進，艙內(nèi)部分貨物遭浸泡，船長不得不將船就近駛上淺灘，進行排水，修補裂口，而后為了起浮又將部分笨重貨物拋入海中，問哪些是單獨海損？哪些是共同海損？Case 4: Analysis: Particular Average: crack of the vessel and part of the cargo undergone soaking; General Average: the vessel shipped to the nearest port and the losse

32、s thereafter.單獨海損：船體撞裂和部分貨物遭受浸泡。共同海損：船只駛上淺灘并由此產(chǎn)生的一系列損失。Case 5: A vessel with compartment 1 and compartment 2 caught a fire during the trip and compartment 1 was on fire. However, the captain mistakenly thought both compartments were on fire and ordered the crew to put out the fire with water cannons

33、. Losses are: (1) the main engine was damaged; (2) (2) two lots of goods in compartment 1, one lot was burned down partially and the other was water logging. Which belongs to particular average and which belongs to general average?Case 5: 某貨輪在航行途中機艙發(fā)生火災，船上甲乙兩艙，火災蔓延到甲艙。船長誤以為甲乙兩艙都著火，命令對兩艙同時高壓水龍滅火施救，損失

34、情況：(1)主機燒壞，(2)甲艙兩批貨，A批貨物部分被火燒毀。B批滅火時遭水浸。問：哪些是單獨海損？哪些是共同海損？Case 5: Analysis: Particular Average: the main engine was damaged and one lot was burned down partially; General Average: the other lot was water logging. 主機燒壞甲艙A批貨單獨海損。B批貨遭水浸為共同海損。Case 6: A vessel was caught in a storm during the trip and wa

35、ter came into the compartments, resulting in USD 6000 of losses. This lot of goods valued at USD 18000 was covered with FPA. Three days later, the vessel caught a fire. 6000 dollar of losses shall be indemnified by the insurance company?Case 6: 一貨輪在航行途中，遇風暴，船上貨艙進水，一批貨投保投保平安險，共18000美元，棉坯布部分遇水浸。損失6000

36、美元左右，三天后船又遭受火災。問該批貨6000美元損失保險公司是否賠償？Case 6: Analysis: FPA does not cover marine risks caused by natural calamities but in this case, natural calamities came after accidents. According to CIC C, the insurance company shall make compensations. 平安險對自然災害引起的單純海損不賠，但本案中在發(fā)生自然災害之前之后又發(fā)生以外事故，根據(jù)CIC平安險責任范圍第三款，保

37、險公司應(yīng)該賠償。Case 7: An importer imported a batch of china, in case of collision and breakage, covering all risks additional with risk of clash and breakage. Is this right?某公司進口瓷器一批，為防碰撞、破碎，投保了一切險另加碰撞險，是否正確。Case 7: Analysis: It is wrong. All risks include risk of clash and breakage. So risk of clash and breakage is redundant. 錯誤。投保一切險已包含碰撞險，不應(yīng)再保碰撞險。Case 8: Our exporter imported a batch of cargo from abroad under CFR shanghai, covering WPA with PICC according to shipping advice provided by the seller. Then our exporte