（整理版高中英語）高一英語必修一二語法匯總

1、高一英語必修一、二【北師大版】語法匯總定語從句1. 定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及理解2. 定語從句的關(guān)系詞的使用3. 定語從句的簡化表達(dá)· 知識總結(jié)歸納一定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子做這個名詞或代詞的定語叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞，它與定語從句之間要有一個詞連接，這個詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞：that, which, who, whose, when, where, why。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，時間，地點，原因狀語。結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句。1. there she

2、saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.一堵墻似的洪水a(chǎn)dvancing d'v:nsi adj. 前進(jìn)的；年長的v. 前進(jìn)；超前advance的ing形式there ð, 弱ð, ðr adv. 在那里；在那邊；在那點上int. 你瞧n. 那個地方2. in japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. a theme park is a collec

3、tion of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. the park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of asia.5. visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the thin

4、gs they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. oprah winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.二定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，那么句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。1. before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a te

5、rrible roar.2. tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.三關(guān)系

6、詞前面可以根據(jù)定語從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞，這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用which 或whom.1. there was a man with whom i would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知識重點與難點一領(lǐng)先行詞有最高級，序數(shù)詞修飾

7、，是不定代詞，或是all, no, only等形式時，關(guān)系代詞一般用that，而不能用which。1. the titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. there is one thing that keeps worrying me.二領(lǐng)先行詞是表示時間，地點，原因的詞時，關(guān)系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that1. im very glad to return to my hometown where i had lived for 10 years.2. thi

8、s is my hometown which i used to talk about to you.3. i think i can understand the reason why he didnt tell the truth to me.4. no one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.ppt 中關(guān)于定語從句有詳細(xì)解釋三定語從句的簡化表達(dá)：1. the man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from wuhan un

9、iversity.2. the letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. the question that is being discussed is very important.4. you are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：以上的定語從句局部可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達(dá)出來：1. the man sitting on the platform is a professor from wuhan university.2.

10、the letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. the question being discussed is very important.4. you are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明：修飾一個名詞除了后面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語，done短語，being done短語，to be done短語修飾。其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語：  正在做.的人/正在發(fā)生的事。2. 被修飾名詞+ d

11、one短語：  被.的人/事3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語：正在被.的人/事4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語：將要被.的人/事1do you know the man talking to my sister ?2the “crazy gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call in brazil.3did you see that car being repaired ?4in a camera, the lens

12、 must be focused on the object to be photographed.5the students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.6goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in china.7the yellow river, said to be “the mother river runs across china like a huge dragon.總結(jié)：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定

13、式的各種形式作定語。1. 這些短語作定語應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨一個v-ing或v-ed形式作定語，那么可以放在被修飾名詞前面。2. 分詞作定語時，其動作應(yīng)與全句動作同時發(fā)生。v-ing表示主動意義和正在做，v-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的，to be done表示將要被做的【典型例題】例1 friendship is needed by all, _ plays an important role in peoples lives.a. which   b. that   c. who&#

14、160;  d. it分析：_ plays an important role in peoples lives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞friendship用which連接定語從句。答案：a例2 uncle li _ i worked three years ago has retired now.a. who  b. whom     c. with whom  d. to whom分析：_ i worked three years ago作為定語從句修飾先行詞uncle li，從句完整的表達(dá)是：i worked wi

15、th uncle li three years ago. 所以關(guān)系詞前應(yīng)加上介詞with。答案：c例3 is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?a. he explained    b. what he explained  c. how he explained d. why he explained分析：定語從句_ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修飾先行詞the reason指“他在會上就

16、他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。   答案：a例4 teachers, _ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.a. who    b. that  c. which  d. whose分析：非限定性定語從句_ work is rather hard修飾先行詞teachers, 它與從句中的work是附屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞用whose        &#

17、160;      答案：d例5 the olympic games , _ in 776 bc, didnt included women players until 1912.a. first playing   b. to be first playedc. first played    d. to be first playing分析：公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運(yùn)會，直到1912年才容納女運(yùn)發(fā)動。_in 776 bc做定語修飾the olympic games，指過去的內(nèi)容

18、，表示被動。用done做定語。 答案：c例6 the houses _ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.a. built   b. to be built    c. to build  d. being built答案：b例7 how many of us_, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?a. attended

19、60; b. attending  c. to attend  d. have attended分析：根據(jù)句意：比方說，我們當(dāng)中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢？_, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾how many of us做定語。與全句動作同步.                    &#

20、160;                             答案：b例8 she has three children, _ is working in australia.a. who  b. one of whom   c. one of them  

21、; d. none of them分析：非限定性定語從句_ is working in australia修飾先行詞three children，根據(jù)從句中的is判斷，是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作。      答案：b【模擬試題】1. susan is the very girl _ the good deed.a. whom i think did   b. whom i think she didc. who i think did    d. i think who di

22、d2. luckily, the poor boy had enough money _ he could buy a train ticket.a. by which  b. on which  c. with which  d. for which3. the book _ he devoted much time is to come out next month.a. where  b. which  c. to which  d. on which4. the day came finally _ i was given a

23、n opportunity to act in the play.a. when  b. in that   c. which  d. in which5. 1. dont you think the question _ tomorrow is of great importance.a. being discussed    b. discussedc. to be discussed    d. to discuss6. the food _ at the moment is for th

24、e dinner party.a. cooked  b. to be cooked   c. is being cooked  d. being cooked7. do you know the teacher _ under the big tree ?a. read  b. reads  c. reading  d. being read 【試題答案】1. c  susan 正是我認(rèn)為作了好事的那位女孩。先行詞the very girl在從句中做think的賓語，同時又是后面賓語從句did the g

25、ood deed.的主語，所以關(guān)系詞不能用whom2. c  定語從句_ he could buy a train ticket.修飾先行詞money：用這筆錢買火車票。關(guān)系詞前面需要加介詞：with3. c 定語從句_ he devoted much time意思是：他把大量的時間都投入在這本書上了。devote.to sth.關(guān)系詞前加介詞：to4. a  定語從句_ i was given an opportunity to act in the play修飾先行詞the day ：先行詞the day在從句中做時間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的時機(jī)。5. c&

26、#160;  短語_ tomorrow做定語修飾the question，根據(jù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容：明天即將被討論的問題。應(yīng)當(dāng)用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)做定語。6. d  短語_ at the moment做the food的定語,表示：正在做的食物。being done 做定語表示：正在被的。7. c  現(xiàn)在分詞短語reading under the big tree做定語修飾the teacher 表示：正在大樹下看書的那位情態(tài)動詞1. 情態(tài)動詞的推測表達(dá)2. 情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣3. 某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法知識重點與難點總結(jié)知識重點：情態(tài)動詞在表達(dá)推測意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：一用

27、情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)事實的推測。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達(dá)對事實的推測。根據(jù)說話人對事實的把握性大小，must表示“肯定，may / might / can / could表示“可能， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否認(rèn)式may not / might not表示 “可能不, 而can / could可以用于疑問句，表示“可能，可能嗎?，其否認(rèn)式cant / couldnt 表示“不可能。用情態(tài)動詞可以對現(xiàn)在或過去的事實進(jìn)行推測。對不同的時間內(nèi)容推測有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。二對現(xiàn)在的事實進(jìn)行推測：主要結(jié)構(gòu)：must / may / might +動詞原形

28、60;                            be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語                    

29、         be + doing例句：1. you must be jeanne. im mathilde loisel. we used to know each other very well.   2. they must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. the teacher must be joking.4. freda isnt in class. she must be sick.5. there mus

30、t be something wrong.6. she might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense.7. he may be arriving this evening.8. he may be traveling around the world.9. the keys cant be in the room. i have just searched it very carefully.10. can the news be true ?三對過去的事實進(jìn)行推測：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+have done / been+名詞/形

31、容詞/介詞短語例句：1. mrs. longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. he couldnt have seen anna yesterday. shes gone abroad.3. i think i must have left my glasses in the library.4. he might have overslept again.5. where can tom have gone ?情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣：表達(dá)“本來，“不然早就。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實相反。表達(dá)

32、了說話人的埋怨，懊悔的語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動詞后面加 have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：should have done / ought to have done：本應(yīng)該shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不該could have done：本來可以neednt have done：本來沒必要would like to have done：本來很想would rather not have done: 本來不愿意could / might / have done: 不然早就例句：1. you shouldnt have

33、 laughed at his mistakes.2. you could have told us earlier.3. i ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. you ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. we need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. they would like to have seen that film last film.7. if he had

34、 given me his number, i could have telephoned him.8. they might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知識難點：某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法：need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法need 和dare可以用做實義動詞，后面接不定式to do結(jié)構(gòu)，在疑問句和否認(rèn)句中，加助動詞do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作為情態(tài)動詞使用時，主要用于疑問句和否認(rèn)句中。情態(tài)動詞neednt沒有必要，不必相當(dāng)于dont have to例句：1. it is co

35、ld, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. need i stay here with you for a while ?   thank you, you neednt.3. how dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型i dare say+從句。 意思是：我肯定 = im sure或there is no doubt that+從句。例句：i dare say that my uncle will get the money if i die.will和would表示“意志或“愿意，

36、would 那么指過去愿意做例句：1. he said that he would help us.2. you may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表達(dá)“過去習(xí)慣做類似于“used to do例句：1. when we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示請求，固定的句型：will/would you please do? / would you like to do?例句：will/would you please give him a

37、 message when you see him ?shall1. 用于第一，三人稱，表示“請求；“建議 或“推薦例句：1. shall we start the meeting now?2. shall i watch tv now ?3. shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用于第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求，“許諾例句：1. you shall take whatever you like.2. you shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在表示推測

38、的否認(rèn)句或疑問句中，常用can /cant /could / couldnt表示，意思是：“可能嗎?；“不可能。而不能使用mustnt或must等詞?！镜湫屠}】1. do you think he will do me a favor ? as far as i know, he is the last one to help others. he _ be prepared to give you a hand, though.a. might  b. must    c. can d. should分析：此題考查情態(tài)動詞推測性用法。 根據(jù)

39、he is the last one to help others.他是最不可能幫助別人的人，既然如此，那么“幫助你的可能性也就最小了。 答案為a2. look, someone is coming. guess who it _ be ? i think it _ be tom. i dont think it _ be _ .a. can ; must ; can ; he    b. may ; can ; must ; himc. must ; can ; must ; his    d. might ;

40、must ; can ; himself分析：根據(jù)備選答案。 can表示推測時用于疑問句或否認(rèn)句中。此題首句就應(yīng)該是guess who can it be? 第二句應(yīng)該是i think it must be tom.說話人十分肯定。第三句表達(dá)了說話人對前一個人的否認(rèn)。即：i dont think it can be him/he.不可能是他。答案為a3. do you know ms. wang likes walking after supper ? sure. she _ around the campus now.a. must be walking     b. must walkc. may walk   &