2020年中考英語基礎(chǔ)語法專練十非謂語動(dòng)詞(含答案)

1、專題十非謂語動(dòng)詞學(xué)前自測（發(fā)現(xiàn)考點(diǎn)）()1. I know you are busy, but you look pale. You'd better a good rest.A. stop to haveB. stop havingC. to stop to haveD. tostop having ( )2. Mum, please ask Sally any noise. I' m doing my homework.A. not makeB. don't makeC. not to make D. don'tto make ( )3. I decided

2、 weight by eating less every day.Oh, forget it! You have said that again and again.A. to loseB. lostC. losingD. lose( )4. I love my cat and spend a lot of time after it.A. lookB. looksC. to lookD. looking( )5. My mother advised me to music when I was doing my homework, or I will make alot of mistake

3、s.A. listeningB. listen to notC. not to listen D. to listen()6. He asked her the bag because it was too expensive.A. not to buy B. to buy not C. not buying D. not buy ()7. I wanted to ask my friend me with the Maths problem, but my teacher didn'tallow.A. helpB. helpingC. to helpD. to helping( )8

4、. You were in such a hurry this morning. What happened?Oh. I got up too late this morning. So I had to run as fast as I could the bus.A. catchB. catchingC. to catchingD.to catch ( )9. I feel a bit thirsty now.Why not for a cold drink with us?A. goB. goingC. to goD. do you go( )10. We had better stop

5、. It's going to rain.A. runB. ranC. to runD. running常考考點(diǎn)知識(shí)清單（研習(xí)考點(diǎn)） 考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式，有加to和省略to兩種形式，可以在句中作主語、 表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語等成份。1 .作主語To travel around China is my dream.環(huán)游中國是我的夢想。注意:不定式作主語，整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)看成一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，但通常用it作形式主 語,而把不定式放于旬末，來保持句子的平衡，常見的句式有：(1) it takes sb. some time to do sth.It

6、took me twenty minutes to finish my English homework.完成我的英語家庭作業(yè)花費(fèi)了我20分鐘的時(shí)間。(2) it ' s + adj. / n. +to do sthIt's interesting to read the English books 讀英語書是很有趣的。it's+adj. +for+sb. +to do sth.其中形容詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞不定式的。It's hard for me to learn English well.學(xué)好英語對(duì)我來說是很難的。it's+adj. +of+sb. +t

7、o do sth.其中形容詞是用來修飾某人的。It's very kind of you to help me.幫助我你真是太好了。2 .作表語動(dòng)詞不定式作表語時(shí)，主要表示愿望、責(zé)任、義務(wù)等，一般可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞不定式作主語。His wish is to be a teacher他的愿望就是當(dāng)一名老師。To be a policeman is his wish.當(dāng)一名警察是他的愿望。3 .作賓語decide, would like, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail, agree 后只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。They agreed to

8、start early他們同意早點(diǎn)兒動(dòng)身。注意:當(dāng)不定式作賓語時(shí)，通常還可以用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式。常跟it作形式賓語的動(dòng)詞有：find, think, make等。I found it difficult to get on with him.我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處是很難的。4 .作賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的后跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:tell, ask, want, order, teach, invite, wish, warn, allow 等。I told him not to draw on the wall.我告訴過他別在墻上亂畫。巧記:不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)省略t

9、o的口訣一感:feel 二聽:hear, listen to 三讓:let, make, have 四看:see, watch, notice, look a伴幫助:help5 .作定語動(dòng)詞不定式短語作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后。動(dòng)詞不定式與被修飾的詞 之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。注意:如果作定語的動(dòng)詞不定式短語中的短語是不及物動(dòng)詞，切記不能漏掉介詞。I have a small room to live in.我有一間小屋可以居住。6 .作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式短語可以作目的狀語、原因狀語和結(jié)果狀語。I come to

10、see you.我來看你了。7 .特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成份。She asked me when to startsft問我什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞在形式上，動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞一樣。但它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞性的名詞，它具有名詞的絕大 多數(shù)特征，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等成份。1 .作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Smoking is harmful.吸煙是有害的。2 .作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語可以轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)名詞作主語。The nurse's job is looking after the patients. =Looking

11、after the patients is the nurse's job. 士的工作就是照顧病人。3 .作賓語(1)有些動(dòng)詞后面必須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而不能跟不定式。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有 mind, finish, enjoy, practice, keep, miss, consider, suggest。 另外，動(dòng) 名詞還可以作介詞的賓語。Would you mind my smoking?你介意我抽煙嗎？（2）常見的后接動(dòng)名詞的短語能接動(dòng)名詞的短語很多，初中階段常見的有：be busy優(yōu)于）,be worth （值得）,can't help （B 不?。?give up （放

12、棄）,be used to g慣于），stop/ prevent/ keep from ）,look forward to （盼望）,feel like （想要）,think of（考慮）,be good at 值長）,be interested in 的感興趣）,succeed in 假功）等。巧記:只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞或短語列舉如下：完成、實(shí)踐、值得、忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）繼續(xù)、習(xí)慣、放棄（keep, be used to, give up）考慮、建議、不禁、想要（consider, suggest, can't help,

13、 feel like）喜歡、思念、介意（enjoy, miss, mind）4 .動(dòng)名詞作定語動(dòng)名詞作定語，表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等，一般置于被修飾詞前。He slept in the sleeping bag 他在睡袋里睡覺?？键c(diǎn)三分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞具有主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義，而過去分詞則具 有被動(dòng)和已經(jīng)完成的含義。1 .分詞作定語分詞作定語時(shí)，單個(gè)分詞放在被修飾的名詞前；分詞短語則須置于被修飾的名詞后。The dancing girl shouted to him, but he didn't hear herI B個(gè)正在跳舞的女孩正在向他喊話 但他沒

14、有聽見。The broken cup needs repairing那個(gè)破茶杯需要修補(bǔ)。注意:以-ed形式結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人，以-ing形式結(jié)尾的形容詞通常用于修飾物。The news made all of us excited這個(gè)消息使我們者B很興奮。2 .分詞作表語分詞作表語，一般表示主語的特征和屬性。The result is surprising.結(jié)果是令人吃驚的。The cup is broken.茶杯破了。3 .分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（1） see, watch, hear, keep, find, notic野動(dòng)詞后可跟分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。句

15、子的賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語，它們之間存在主動(dòng) 關(guān)系。而過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。I found him reading a novel.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在看小說。have/ get sth. doneft示 請(qǐng)別人做某事”，其中的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，與賓語之間是 被動(dòng)關(guān)系。I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我將找人給我理發(fā)。I must get my bike repaired.我必須請(qǐng)人修理我的自行車。4 .分詞作狀語分詞作狀語，主要表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、伴隨狀況等。They went out of the classroom,

16、talking and laughing 他們有說有笑地走出了 教室。（伴隨狀語）The car, hit badly, can't move at all.那車被撞得很嚴(yán)重，一點(diǎn)兒都不能移動(dòng)了。（原因狀語）考點(diǎn)四 特殊動(dòng)詞的特殊用法有些動(dòng)詞后加不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語有兩種截然不同的含義。如：1. go on to do sth.接著做另一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事2. forget to do sth.忘記去做某事forget doing sth.忘記做過某事3. remember to do sth.t 己著去做某事remember doing sth.t 己

17、著做過某事了4. stop to do sth.停下手頭的事去做另一件事stop doing sth.停止正在做著的事情5. try to do sth.盡力做某事try doing sth.試著做某事6. mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事7. allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事allow doing sth.允許做某事鞏固訓(xùn)練（夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)） 一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. I had my hair yesterday I see. It suits you well.A. cuttingB. been cutC. cutD. to

18、 becut ( )2. I like reading books by Lu Xun. So am I.A. writeB. are writtenC. writingD. written( )3. When I went into the room, I found in bed.A. him lyingB. he lyingC. he liesD. him was lying( )4. Did he say anything? No, he left the room without anything.A. sayingB. to sayC. saidD.to saying()5. Th

19、e boy stood in the front of the classroom,a passage.A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads()6. Mother likes shopping very much.Yes. She would rather around for hours in shops than TV at home.A. walk; watchB. to walk; watch C. to walk; to watch D. walk; towatch ( )7. Remember the book to me when you fin

20、ish it.All right.A. to return; readingB. returning; readingC. to return; to readD. returning; to read( )8. Children are often told unhealthy food. It's right. Unhealthy food is bad for them.A. to eatB. not to eatC. eatingD. noteating ( )9. What's your dream? My dream is a university in Shenzhen.A. to go toB. go toC. going toD. gone to()10. You have kept him for an hour.Oh,