臺(tái)球術(shù)語(yǔ)中英文對(duì)照

1、臺(tái)球術(shù)語(yǔ)中英文對(duì)照 常用詞： cue ball （撞球中的 ）母球、主球 object ball 目標(biāo)球 solid ball 全色球 stripe ball 花色球 chalk 巧克 top pocket 頂袋 middle pocket 中袋 bottom pocket 底袋 cue 球桿 rest 架桿tri-angle 球框（用來(lái)擺球的那個(gè)三角框）臺(tái)球（總稱(chēng) ） billiards無(wú)袋式臺(tái)球 （開(kāi)侖） carom 有袋式臺(tái)球 （落袋） pocket game 英式三球比利 english billiard 英式 22 球 （ 斯諾克 ） snooker 美式臺(tái)球 America poc

2、ket billiard, pool 爭(zhēng)黑八打法 eight ball 九球打法 nine ball, knapper 臺(tái)球規(guī)則 rules of play 運(yùn)動(dòng)員 player 裁判員 referee記分員 scorer, jidge 記分 scoring 記分牌 scoring board 預(yù)賽 prelim 半決賽 semifinals 1/4 決賽 quarterfinal 決賽 final 開(kāi)球 breakoff, serve 開(kāi)球線(xiàn) serve line開(kāi)球區(qū)（英式D形區(qū)）the "D" 開(kāi)球區(qū)（美式）kitchen 擲幣猜先 coin toss, toss o

3、ff抽簽猜先 lot 球臺(tái) table 球袋 pocket頂袋 top pocket 中袋 middle pocket 底袋 bottom pocket 臺(tái)面 playing aren 臺(tái)邊 cushion 臺(tái)面標(biāo)志 marks 球 ball 球桿 cue 架桿 rest 燈罩 lamp shade 巧克 chalk 桿頭 tip 滑石粉 powder 球框 （用來(lái)擺球的那個(gè)三角框 ） tri-angle 球桿連接部 joint 主球 cue-ball 目標(biāo)球 object-ball 一擊 （球） stroke 一桿 （球） break 手中球 in-hand 局中球 ball in play

4、 活球 ball on 死球 snookered 死角球 angled 障礙球 snooker 自由球 free-ball 指定球 nominated-ball 貼球 touching ball 貼邊球 frozen 跳球 jump-ball, jump-shot 角度球 angled 香蕉球 （弧線(xiàn)球 ） english, sidespin幸運(yùn)球 fluke 袋口相擠的球 lawed-ball 爭(zhēng)議球 split-hit 罰球 penalty 進(jìn)球 pot 錯(cuò)擊 error 盤(pán) frame 局 game 場(chǎng) match 暫停 pause 平局 tie score 總分 total point

5、s 對(duì)方 opponent 失機(jī) loss of chance 失誤 miss 犯規(guī) foul 占位 occupied 空桿 miss 置球點(diǎn) spots放置彩球spotting colours典型的英式用法) 黃球置點(diǎn) yellow spot 綠球置點(diǎn) green spot 棕球置點(diǎn) brown spot 藍(lán)球置點(diǎn) blue spot 粉球置點(diǎn) pink spot 黑球置點(diǎn) black spot 瞄準(zhǔn) aiming 主球走位練習(xí) position exercise 名次排列 rank 排名第二 starting 2(two) 臺(tái)球廳 pool room 自落 drop of the cue-

6、ball椎桿 push stroke跟進(jìn)球 follow-ball連擊 double-hit扎桿 prick stroke出界 forced off the table僵局 stalemate滑桿 miscue 厚球 thick cut 薄球 thin cut 偏桿 side spin 定桿 stop shot 縮桿（低桿 ） sub-side 種子選手 seeded3 號(hào)種子選手 seeded 3（three） 上旋球 （推桿，高桿 ） top spin 下旋球（縮桿） back spin 就幾個(gè)兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別糾正你幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤和加以補(bǔ)充?？s球擊法 叫 back spin或是 screw back

7、. 跟進(jìn)球擊法 叫 top spin 或是 follow up. 球變角度擊球法，叫 side spin.弧線(xiàn)球叫swirl，美式忘了怎么拼，也是s打頭，因?yàn)楹椭袊?guó)的 賽'有音節(jié)相似，所 以國(guó)內(nèi)有些地方叫加塞。手中球，英式叫Free ball和對(duì)方犯規(guī)但給自己造成阻礙而自己任意選擇擊球同一 個(gè)叫法。美式手中球才叫 ball in hand.幸運(yùn)球叫 fluke. 得的分就叫point，美式才叫一次run。失球LOSS OF CHANGE，有利情況下未能得分，這個(gè)沒(méi)有什么固定叫法，隨你怎么叫，loss of cha nee或是loss opport unity都可以，但絕對(duì)不叫 loss

8、 of cha nge肯定 是抄錯(cuò)了，把c抄成了 g。加長(zhǎng)桿叫 extension.架桿我聽(tīng)過(guò)lace,但好像人叫的不一樣。犯規(guī)有兩種，foul a nd miss可要求擺回重解球，但miss可能裁判認(rèn)為沒(méi)有辦法解， 或是球太亂無(wú)法復(fù)原，不要求重解球，steve davis就剛剛被判了一個(gè)這種球。 雙擊叫 double kiss.炸球叫kiss或是cannon.切球叫 cut。定球應(yīng)該叫stu n斯登打法擊了球母球不按預(yù)定要求滾動(dòng)，叫 heavy con tact,heavy ball,heavy hit隨你叫。1. 死角球( ANGLED ) 當(dāng)角袋邊緣擋住了主球，使主球不能直接擊打臺(tái)面上的

9、目標(biāo)球，被稱(chēng)為死角球。2. 手中球( BALL IN HAND ) 在美式臺(tái)球規(guī)則中，手中球的概念是主球可以擺放在比賽臺(tái)面的任何地方。3. 活球(BALL ON)在斯諾克臺(tái)球中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員可合法打一個(gè)彩色球(沒(méi)有紅球情況下)入袋，這顆彩 球叫活球。4. 開(kāi)球( BREAK) 在美式臺(tái)球的開(kāi)球中，要求必須使四球碰岸，方被認(rèn)為是合法開(kāi)球。5. 手橋( BRIDGE ) 用于架住球桿和調(diào)整桿頭瞄準(zhǔn)方法的手，稱(chēng)為手橋。6. 指球( CALLED BALL ) 在美式臺(tái)球中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員在擊球前必須向裁判員指明(口頭或用桿指出)所要擊打 的目標(biāo)球是哪一顆。7. 定袋( CALLED POCKET ) 在美式臺(tái)球中

10、，運(yùn)動(dòng)員在擊球前必須向裁判員指明(口頭或用桿指出)要擊入哪 個(gè)球袋。8. 聯(lián)合擊法( COMBINATION ) 主球撞擊目標(biāo)球后，被主球撞擊的目標(biāo)球又去撞擊其它目標(biāo)球，并以此方法來(lái)?yè)?球入袋。9. 主球( CuE BALL) 主球在比賽中，經(jīng)常被桿擊打的球，它是白色的并且無(wú)號(hào)碼。10. 手中球置在開(kāi)球線(xiàn)后( CVE BALL IN HAND THE HEAD STRINC ) 在美式臺(tái)球中，主球被放在開(kāi)球線(xiàn)與頂岸之間的任何地方。11. 岸( CUSHION )一種用織物包住的橡膠制品在球臺(tái)臺(tái)邊內(nèi)邊沿上，并和它外部周?chē)哪举|(zhì)物一起 構(gòu)成。12. 雙擊( DOUBLE HIT ) 在一次擊球中，

11、主球被桿頭兩次擊打，稱(chēng)為雙擊。13. 側(cè)旋球( ENGLISH ) 通過(guò)球桿頭部擊打主球的左右側(cè)，產(chǎn)生出側(cè)旋球。14. 薄擊球( FEATHER SHOT) 主球僅僅擦碰目標(biāo)球，被稱(chēng)為薄擊球。15. 得分( COUNT ) 一分或是成功的一擊。16. 擊球點(diǎn)( CONTACT POINT ) 當(dāng)主球被擊出后，主球與目標(biāo)球相碰擊時(shí)的入球點(diǎn)，叫做擊球點(diǎn)。17. 球桿( CVE) 一種由木質(zhì)材料造成的錐形體，并用其擊打主球。18. 縮球擊法( DRAW SHOT ) 主球被擊下?lián)酎c(diǎn)時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生下旋，當(dāng)主球全擊目標(biāo)球后，便會(huì)向后方縮回。19. 跟進(jìn)球擊法( FOLLOW SHOT HAROUGH ) 當(dāng)

12、主球被擊上部時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生向前旋轉(zhuǎn)，當(dāng)主球全擊目標(biāo)球，主球便會(huì)向前滾動(dòng)。20. 隨勢(shì)出桿( FOLLOW THROUGH ) 隨勢(shì)出桿是球桿擊打主球后，球桿穿過(guò)原來(lái)主球所占位置范圍的繼續(xù)運(yùn)行路線(xiàn)。21. 力度( TORCE) 力量通過(guò)球桿打擊主球，并導(dǎo)致球在旋轉(zhuǎn)、反射角、分離角等方向產(chǎn)生變化。22. 犯規(guī)( FOUL) 比賽中的一種違犯規(guī)則的行為。23. 犯規(guī)擊球( FOUL STROKE ) 在擊球時(shí)，發(fā)生違反規(guī)則行為。24. 盤(pán)(FRAME) 從開(kāi)球開(kāi)始，直至擊落所有的球或打滿(mǎn)規(guī)定的分?jǐn)?shù)，稱(chēng)為一盤(pán)。25. 自由球( FREE BALL )在斯諾克臺(tái) 球比賽中，因犯規(guī)所導(dǎo)致的主球被做成障礙球，沒(méi)

13、犯規(guī)方隊(duì)員可指定 任何一個(gè)球作為自由球來(lái)打，打指定自由球入袋后，記活球分值，將自由球和活 球同時(shí)打入袋， 只記活球分值。彩球作為自由球被擊入袋中，應(yīng)把彩球放回置球 點(diǎn)上。自由球不能做障礙球，否則犯規(guī)。但當(dāng)剩下粉球和黑球時(shí)除外。26. 局( GAME ) 若干盤(pán)比賽構(gòu)成一局。27. 跳擊( JUMP SHOT) 使主球或者目標(biāo)球彈起臺(tái)面的擊球。28. 跳球( JUMPED BALL ) 球離開(kāi)比賽臺(tái)面或者球以跳起方式越過(guò)其它的球。29. 吻擊( KISS SHOT) 主球碰擊多于一個(gè)目標(biāo)球，這種擊法叫吻擊。30. 碰岸比近( LAG FOR BREAK ) 雙方運(yùn)動(dòng)員將球從開(kāi)球線(xiàn)后擊出去碰對(duì)岸返

14、回，并力圖使返回的球盡可能地靠近 岸邊。通過(guò)比近來(lái)決定開(kāi)球權(quán)。31. 場(chǎng)( MATCH ) 由若干局構(gòu)成決定勝負(fù)的比賽，稱(chēng)為場(chǎng)。32. 凍結(jié)( FROZEN) 一個(gè)球與其它球或臺(tái)邊相貼。33. 滑桿( MISCUE ) 球桿打主球時(shí)，由于打滑導(dǎo)致失誤。通常由于沒(méi)有打在主球擊點(diǎn)安全區(qū)內(nèi)，或由 于桿頭沒(méi)有打滑粉所致。34. 空桿( MISS) 在斯諾克比賽中，空桿是指擊球手沒(méi)有盡自己最大能力去擊中臺(tái)球。在一般臺(tái)球 賽中，空桿的意思是失誤的一擊。35. 自然側(cè)旋( NATURAL ENGLISH ) 一個(gè)適度的側(cè)旋的主球，便于有一個(gè)所需的行進(jìn)路線(xiàn)。36. 自然上旋( NATURAL ROLL ) 主

15、球不帶著側(cè)旋的運(yùn)動(dòng)。37. 目標(biāo)球( OBJECT BALLS ) 被主球擊打的球。38. 開(kāi)局擊球( OPENING BREAK SHOT ) 一盤(pán)比賽中第一桿擊球。39. 落袋( POT) 在斯諾克臺(tái)球中，一個(gè)目標(biāo)球進(jìn)袋稱(chēng)為 “落袋40. 推擊（ PUSH SHOT） 桿頭持續(xù)也碰擊主球。41. 搶局預(yù)先確定的決定比賽勝負(fù)所必需贏的局?jǐn)?shù)。比如比賽定為 21 局 11勝制，便可稱(chēng)為 搶 11 避。當(dāng)一方贏得比賽的 11局后，比賽便結(jié)束。42. 桿架（ REST） 一種由木與銅制成的架桿器具。43. 單循環(huán)賽（ ROUND ROBIN ） 在一次比賽中，每一參賽隊(duì)員互相之間均進(jìn)行一次比賽。44

16、. 得分（ RUN） 一個(gè)隊(duì)員在一次擊球中所贏得的積分。45. 安全球（ SAFETY ） 被擊主球落入球袋。46. 自落（ SCRATCH） 被擊主球落入球袋。47. 擊球（ STROKE） 所謂擊球是指用桿頭迅速擊打主球，并以主球和比賽中所有的球停止?jié)L動(dòng)和旋轉(zhuǎn) 為結(jié)束。48. 單淘汰賽（ SINGL ELIMINATION ） 比賽的一種方法，一位參賽選手輸一場(chǎng)比賽后即被淘汰出局。49. 障礙球（ SNOOKERED ） 在斯諾克臺(tái)球比賽中，所謂障礙球是指主球不能以直線(xiàn)球去擊打一個(gè)活球，其線(xiàn) 路被非活球阻擋。50. 擊球員（ STROKER） 運(yùn)動(dòng)員開(kāi)始擊球，在一擊球或一桿球結(jié)束之前，即在

17、裁判員宣布 “失機(jī) ”或“犯規(guī)” 之前，此運(yùn)動(dòng)員保持著擊球員的資格。51. 一擊球（ STROKE） 運(yùn)動(dòng)員用桿頭打主球，為一擊球。52. 一桿球（ BREAIC ） 在斯諾克比賽中，擊球運(yùn)動(dòng)員從擊球得分開(kāi)始，直至擊球因失機(jī)或犯規(guī)止，這一 桿連續(xù)擊分稱(chēng)之為一桿球。53. 占位（ OCCUPIED）當(dāng)被打球入袋或出界后，需要放回該球的置球點(diǎn)時(shí)，有其它球?qū)⒋它c(diǎn)占據(jù)。54. 失機(jī)( LOSS OF CHANGE) 當(dāng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員正常擊球，但沒(méi)有擊球入袋或得分，即為 “失機(jī) ”。55. 扎桿( PRICK STROKE ) 將球桿斜向或幾乎與臺(tái)面垂直直擊主球，稱(chēng)為 “扎桿 ”。56. 定位球( STOP S

18、HOT) 當(dāng)主球撞擊目標(biāo)球后，主球停在原目標(biāo)球的位置上不動(dòng)。57. 貼球( TOUCHING BALL ) 臺(tái)面上球完全靜止后，主球與其它球相貼，即為貼球。HistoryThe game of eight-ball is derived from an earlier game invented around 1900 (first recorded in 1908) in the United States and initially popularized under the name "B.B.C. Co. Pool" (a name that was still i

19、n use as late as 1925) by the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company. This forerunner game was played with seven yellow and seven red balls, a black ball, and the cue ball. Today, numbered stripes and solids are preferred in most of the world, though the British-style variant uses the traditional colors.

20、 The game had relatively simple rules compared to today and was not added (under any name) to an official rule book until 1940.International rulesAmerican-style eight-ball rules are played around the world by professionals, and in many amateur leagues. The rules for eight-ball may be the most contes

21、ted of any billiard game. There are several competing sets of "official" rules. The non-profit World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), with national affiliates such as the Billiard Congress of America (BCA), promulgates the World Standardised Rules5 for amateur and professional play. The fo

22、r-profit International Pool Tour has also established an international set of rules6 for professional and semi-professional play, used in major tournaments broadcast on television (as of 2007, this league has suspended operations, and is focusing on invitational matches, but is expected by many play

23、ers to resume in 2009). Meanwhile, many amateur leagues, such as the American Poolplayers Association (APA) / Canadian Poolplayers Association (CPA), and the Valley National Eight-ball Association (VNEA) / VNEA Europe, use their own rulesets as their standards (most of them at least loosely based on

24、 the WPA/BCA version), while millions of individuals play informally using colloquial rules which vary not only from area to area but even from venue to venue.A summary of the international rules follows (see the WPA/BCA or IPT published rules, which conflict on minor points, for more details):Equip

25、mentThere are seven solid-colored balls numbered 1 through 7, seven striped balls numbered 9 through 15, an 8 ball, and a cue ball.A proper rack, with the two corner balls of a different suit and the 8 ball in the center.The balls are usually colored as follows:1 and 9 - yellow2 and 10 - blue3 and 1

26、1 - red4 and 12 - purple5 and 13 - orange6 and 14 - green7 and 15 - brown/ maroon8 - blackCue - whiteThe table's playing surface is approximately 9 ft. by 4.5 ft. (regulation size), though some leagues/tournaments may allow other sizes.SetupTo start the game, the object balls are placed in a tri

27、angular rack. The base of the rack is parallel to the end rail (the short end of the pool table) and positioned so the apex ball of the rack is located on the foot spot. The balls in the rack are ideally placed so that they are all in contact with one another. This is accomplished by pressing the ba

28、lls together from the back of the rack toward the apex ball. The placement of the balls, for a legal rack according to World Standardised Rules is that the 8 ball is placed in the center, while the two lower corners must be a stripe and a solid (see image). The cue ball is placed anywhere the breake

29、r desires inside the "kitchen".BreakOne person is chosen (by a predetermined method, e.g., coin flip, win or loss of previous game, lag) to shoot first and break the object ball rack apart. If the shooter who breaks fails to make a legal break (usually defined as at least four balls hittin

30、g cushions or an object ball being pocketed), then the opponent can demand a re-rack and become the breaker, or elect to play from the current position of the balls.Long exposure photo of the break in eight-ball.If the breaker pockets a ball, it is still that player's turn and the table is consi

31、dered "open" (meaning the breaker can still make any object ball to determine if he/she will only shoot solids or stripes throughout the game). If the breaker fails to make another ball after the break, the table is still considered "open" until someone legally pockets a ball.Acc

32、ording to World Standardized Rules, if the 8 ball is pocketed on the break, the breaker may ask for a re-rack or have the 8 ball spotted and continue shooting. If the breaker scratches while pocketing the 8 ball on the break, the incoming player has the option of a re-rack or having the 8 ball spott

33、ed and begin shooting with ball-in-hand behind the head string.For regional variations, see below.TurnsA player (or team) will continue to shoot until committing a foul (fault), taking a safety, or failing to legally pocket an object ball on a non-safety shot. Thereupon it is the turn of the opposin

34、g player(s). Play alternates in this manner for the remainder of the game. Following a foul, the incoming player has ball-in-hand anywhere on the table, unless the foul occurred on the break shot, as noted previously.Pocketing the 8 ballOnce all of a player's or team's group of object balls

35、are pocketed, they may attempt to sink the 8 ball. To win, the player or team must first designate which pocket they plan to sink the 8 ball into and then successfully pot the 8 ball in that called pocket. If the 8 ball falls into any pocket other than the one designated, is knocked off the table, o

36、r a foul (see below) occurs and the 8 ball is pocketed, the player loses the game. Otherwise, the player's turn is over (including if a foul occurs on an unsuccessful attempt to pocket the 8 ball; in some leagues, such as the VNEA, such fouls are also loss of game, but not in World Standardized

37、Rules).WinningAny of the following circumstances result in a game win:A player legally pockets the 8 ball into a designated pocket, after all his or her object balls have been pocketedThe opposing player illegally pockets the 8 ball (e.g. before clearing all of his/her object balls, does so on the s

38、ame shot as the last such object ball, or it falls into a pocket other than the one that was designated)The opposing player commits any foul, including scratching the cue ball into a pocket, or knocking it off the table, during the same inning that the 8 ball is pocketed. A scratch or foul is not a

39、loss of the game if the 8 ball is not pocketed or jumped from the table.The opposing player knocks the 8 ball off the table.FoulsThe shooter fails to strike one of his/her own object balls (or the 8 ball, if all of said object balls are already pocketed) with the cue ball, before other balls (if any

40、) are contacted by the cue ball. This includes "split" shots, where the cue ball strikes one of the shooter's and one of the opponent's object ball simultaneously.No ball comes into contact with a cushion or is pocketed, after legal cue ball contact with the (first) object ball (or

41、 8 ball, if shooting for the 8).The cue ball is pocketed ("scratched")The shooter does not have at least one foot on the floor (this requirement may be waived if the shooter is disabled in a relevant way, or the venue has not provided a mechanical bridge)The cue ball is shot before all bal

42、ls have come to a complete stop from the previous shot The cue ball is struck more than once during a shotThe cue ball is jumped entirely or partially over an obstructing ball with an illegal jump shot that scoops under the cue ballThe cue ball is clearly pushed, with the cue tip remaining in contac

43、t with it more than momentarilyThe shooter touches the cue ball with something other than the tip of the cueThe shooter touches any other ball (with body, clothing or equipment), other than as necessary to move the cue ball when the player has ball-in-handThe shooter knocks a ball off the tableThe s

44、hooter has shot out-of-turnOn the break shot, no balls are pocketed and fewer than four balls reach the cushions (in which case the incoming player can demand a re-rack and take the break or force the original breaker to re-break, or may take ball-in-hand and shoot the balls as they lie) English-sty

45、le rules /wiki/Blackball_%28pool%29In the United Kingdom, eight-ball pool (and its internationally standardized variant blackball) as an overall rather different version of the game has evolved, influenced by English billiards and snooker, and has become popular in amateur comp

46、etition in Britain, Ireland, Australia, and some other countries. As with American eight-ball, there are multiple competing standards bodies that have issued international rules. Aside from using unnumbered object balls (except for the 8), UK-style tables have pockets just larger than the balls, and more than one type of rest is typically employed. The rules significantly differ in numerous ways, including the handling of fouls, which may give the opponent two shots, racking (the 8 ball, not th