八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)

1、期末專題 2非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三 種形式：不定式，動(dòng)名詞和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）。1）不定式時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式完成式to doto have doneto be doneto have bee n done2）動(dòng)名詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doi ngbeing done完成式hav ing donehavi ng bee n done3）分詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doi ngbeing done完成式hav ing donehavi ng bee n done否定形式：not +不定式，not + 動(dòng)名詞，n ot

2、 +現(xiàn)在分詞、不定式（一）不定式的?？夹问?. 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被動(dòng)形式：He preferredto be assigned some heavier work to do.語(yǔ)法功能：表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生2. 完成形式： He pretended not to have seen me.被動(dòng)形式： The book is said to have been translated into many Ianguages. 語(yǔ)法功能：表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) i（二）不定式?？嫉目?/p>

3、點(diǎn)1. 不定式做定語(yǔ)-將要發(fā)生2. 不定式做狀語(yǔ)-目的3. 不定式充當(dāng)名詞功能 -To see is to believe.（三）不定式的省略1.感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性+ doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見(jiàn)了”這個(gè)事實(shí)）I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天

4、我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見(jiàn)他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作）感官動(dòng)詞后面接形容詞而不是副詞：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.（2） help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do（四）有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式如want, wish , hope, man age, promise, refuse, prete nd, pla n, offer, decide, agree, expect,allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, en able

5、 sb to do, love to do, warn sb to do, be able to dobegi n to do, start to do（五）有的時(shí)候 to 后面要接-ing 形式look forward to; be used to; be alter native to; be similarity/similar to.二.動(dòng)名詞：具有動(dòng)作性特征的名詞1） 是名詞see ing is believ ing2） 具有動(dòng)詞性特征可以帶賓語(yǔ)readi ng books is necessary（一）動(dòng)名詞的形式一般形式：I dont like you smoking.完成形式：

6、I regret not having take n your advice.被動(dòng)形式： This questi on is far from being settled.（二）動(dòng)名詞?？嫉狞c(diǎn)1. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)2. 在動(dòng)名詞和不定式中，做為介詞的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞3. 動(dòng)名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞，通過(guò)代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語(yǔ)。I would appreciate_ back this afternoon .A. you to call B. you call C. you calling D. youre calling （ Key : C your calling 也

7、對(duì)）I regret not having take n your advice.4. 有些詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; con sider; con template; delay; disc ontinue; dislike; enjoy;escape; excuse; expla in; feel like; fini sh; forgive; cant help; imagi ne; keep;it means;men ti on; mind; miss; pard on; practice; preve nt; report

8、; suggest; un dersta nd.另外還有一些接-ing 形式的常用說(shuō)法：its no good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its no t/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spe nd money/time; theres no; theres no thi ng worse tha n; whats the use/po in t.5. 有些詞后加不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, mean 后面用不定式和 -ing 形式，意義截然不容。I r

9、emembered to pos the letters.（指未來(lái)/過(guò)去未來(lái)的動(dòng)作）I remembered posting/having postinghe letters.（我記得這個(gè)動(dòng)作）forgot 與 remember 的用法類似。I regret to inform you that我很遺憾地通知你I regretted having leftthe firm after twenty years.為了二十年前的離開而遺憾.try to努力You really must try to overcome your shyness.try -ng試驗(yàn)Try practicing fiv

10、e hours a day.I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.打算、想我想去，但我父親不讓我 去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.意味著贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購(gòu)買 力。prefer 的用法：我寧愿在這里等。I prefer to wait here.（所以啊，你不介意的話，我就等下去。）I prefer waiting here.（我正在這里等，我就喜歡這么做。）I prefer swim ming to cycli ng.（這個(gè)句子里面就不能用不定式了。）（三）nee

11、d/want 后的-ing 形式具有被動(dòng)的意思。其中，want 不太常用。He needs （ a lot of） encouraging.（四）分詞：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的形式1. 一般式：Do you see the man talking to the dean （主任）？（與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生2. 完成形式：Not havi ng made preparatio ns, they failed.（發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前3. 完成被動(dòng)形式： Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.（發(fā)生謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前且 表示被動(dòng)）（四）過(guò)去

12、分詞1. 過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)：Fight no battle un prepared.2. 過(guò)去分詞的進(jìn)行形式：Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. （強(qiáng)調(diào)正在被做這三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，都可以構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所修飾的成分是這些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。它們之間的一致關(guān)系一一主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，往往就是考點(diǎn)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞具有靈活多變的特點(diǎn)，大家在判斷使用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式時(shí)，可遵循以 下規(guī)律：1. 對(duì)比時(shí)間：對(duì)照謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間，確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式而變化的。一般情況下，如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

13、所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，我們就用不定式的 一般式；如果表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，我們就用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式或 不定式的進(jìn)行式；如果表示動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，我們就用現(xiàn)在分詞、 不定式或動(dòng)名詞的完成式（特殊情況下，也可用動(dòng)名詞的一般式）。2. 辨明邏輯：從非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系判斷非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，即兩者之間存在主謂關(guān)系， 就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式；如果邏輯主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者，即兩者之間存在動(dòng) 賓關(guān)系，就用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式。3. 兩方面結(jié)合，判斷時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)混合形式有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式把時(shí)

14、態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化融合在一起，這時(shí)，我們可以把上述兩方面結(jié)合起來(lái)判斷。在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者的情況下，a ）如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，就用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式； b）如果動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，就用不定式的被動(dòng)式；c）如果動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，就用現(xiàn)在分詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式的完成被動(dòng)式?！灸M試題】（答題時(shí)間：40 分鐘）一、選擇題：1._ in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut.A. To make high s

15、coresB. Making high scoresC. To make low goalD. Making low goal2. I found _ to answer all the questions within the time given.A. no possibility B. there was impossibilityC. impossible D. it impossible3. The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exams.A. is B. being C. hav

16、e been D. to be4. You regoing to England next year. You should now practise _ English asmuch as possible.A. speakB. to speakC. speakingD. speak about5. If we don t start out now, we must risk _ the train.A. missB missingC. being missedD to miss6. The flexibility of film allows the artist _ unstraine

17、d imagination to the animation ofcartoon characters.A. to bring B. bring C. is brought7. Although the lecture had already been on for five minuteschair .A. to sitB. for to sit onC. to sit on8. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _A. pleaseB. pleasedC. to please9. Lots of empty boots

18、 were found under the old manA. drinkB. to drinkC. drinking10. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five13. The students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the final exam. A. is B. beingC. have been D. to be14. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight

19、yesterday.A. to be robbedC. to have been robbed15. I appreciated _ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.A. having been givenC. to have been given16. There is no point _further.A. argue B. to argue C. arguingD. being arguing17.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _wi

20、th other elements, mostcommonly with oxygen.A. combinedC. combine18. They stopped _, but now IA. listening B. to listen C. listen19. I am sorry to hear that you resorted _.A. to cheat B. to cheating C. cheating D. cheat20.He wasn t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _ insufficiently p

21、opular withall members.D. brings， I still was not able to find aD. for sitting her?D. having pleased s bed. He must havedone nothing buD. drunk years age whenDr. Adudonbecame its first president.A. to be set upC. to have been set up11. I heard him _the door.A. lockingB. to lock12. He does nothing bu

22、t_.A. complainingB. to complainingB. being set upD. having been set upC. lockD. being lockingC. complainD. to complainB. robbedB. having beenD. to have givenB. having combinedD. being combined mgetting interested.D. having listening二、強(qiáng)化闖關(guān)1. No computers so far having built can have the same ability

23、as human brains.2. Guiding by a belief that computers would be valuable tools on every office desktop and in everyhome, Bill Gates began developing software for personal computers.3. When Mrs. White goes back to her home after class, she expects Jane, her daughter, to beingworking at her desk.4. Nev

24、er lost faith in himself, the scientist was determined to carry on with the research, no matterwhat others said.5. Having worn out after a long walk, Helen called and said that she couldn cot me to the party.6. Most of the students, surprising at the way the question was put, didnit.7. So far, sever

25、al cases of a disease, knowing as bird flu, are reported to have been found in thecountry.8. Everything taking into consideration, they ought to have another chance.9. If the work be completed by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will befined.10. The Olympic Games take place in Beijing in 2008 will surely attract reporters of all countries.A. being consideredC. to be consideredB. consideringD. having consideredt knowho【試題答案】一、選擇題： 1-5 ADDCD 6-10 ACCAC 11-15 CC