it的用法與高考

1、it的用法與高考談起it，真可謂詞小作用大。it的用法一直是高考命題的熱點(diǎn),也是教學(xué)中的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。下面結(jié)合高考試題來(lái)對(duì)其?？键c(diǎn)和特殊用法進(jìn)行歸納。一、it用作代詞的用法1.it用作人稱代詞，可指人，也可指物。用來(lái)代替前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的詞、詞組或句子，以避免重復(fù)。例如：I was disappointed with the film . I had expected _ to be much better. ( 93 )A. that B. this C. one D. it There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go

2、 and borrow ?No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. 2007 陜西卷A. one B. one; oneC. one; itD. it; It2it 用來(lái)指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離、天氣、氣候、季節(jié)、溫度、環(huán)境等或虛指的情境。 例如：It was nearly midnight when she came back.3代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽(yáng)性的東西(包括嬰兒)。如：What a beautiful baby- is it a boy?4指代心目中或上文中的人或事物。-Isn' t that Ann's husband over th

3、ere?-No, it _ be him. I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.( 2004.全國(guó).29 )A. can't B. must not C. won't D. may not -Do you like _ here?-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.( 2004.全國(guó).32)A. this B. these C. that D. it it可以指代"未指明,但談話雙方心里都明白的那件事或那種情況&quo

4、t;, 在本題情景中it指"這兒的情況(the situation here)"。 又如: I can't stand it (= this situation) any longer!How's it (= your life, work, etc.) going? He is fifty, but he doesnt look it.(fifty years old )It還可以指"已知的或暗含的事實(shí)或情況，例如：The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before

5、 they can move in. ( 2002.全國(guó).25 )A. they B. it C. one D. which 在此指"買房之后的情況"。又如:She was frightened, but tried not to show it. 她非?？謶?但竭力沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。二、it可在句子中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用來(lái)代替一個(gè)名詞，一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，一個(gè)分句或一個(gè)句子，以避免它們?cè)诰渥又械闹貜?fù)。為了避免句中作真正主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)和名詞性從句(一般都比較長(zhǎng))置于句首時(shí)造成頭重腳輕，習(xí)慣上用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，指代后面的真正主語(yǔ)，使句子顯得流暢,保持句子的平衡。而且，

6、作形式主語(yǔ)的代詞只能用it ，不能用that，this等詞it作形式主語(yǔ)的用法1.It + be形容詞(for sb./ sth) 動(dòng)詞不定式此句型中的形容詞用來(lái)描述動(dòng)詞不定式所指代的事情的特點(diǎn)。相當(dāng)于to do sth. is +adj+.for sb./ sth，用于此句型的形容詞有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，important， impossible， necessary，good，bad，natural, safe, common, normal, dangerous, unusual, rare, pleasant等。例如：Is _ necessa

7、ry to tell his father everything? (87) A. it B. that C. what D. heIs _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (89) A. this B. that C. it D. heIs _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88) A. now B.

8、 man C. that D. it2.It+ be形容詞of sb動(dòng)詞不定式此句型中的形容詞主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于該句型的形容詞有：kind, nice, wise, clever, brave, silly, foolish, stupid, polite, impolite, rude, friendly, careless, cruel, honest ,lazy, modest, naughty, selfish, wrong, right , 等。這個(gè)句型可以改寫(xiě)為：sb. is +adj.+to do sth. 3.It + be 名詞 (for sb./ sth) 動(dòng)

9、詞不定式用于此句型的名詞有： a pity, a shame, a pleasure, a great joy, a waste of time, ones turn, ones duty, ones job, fun, good manners, bad manners等。 例如：It is our duty to serve the people.4.It+ be 形容詞/名詞doing sth此句型中的形容詞和名詞常見(jiàn)的有：no / little use, no / much good, no / much harm, no / a wonder, useless, senseless,

10、 dangerous, enjoyable, worthwhile 等。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。_ felt funny watching myself on TV. 2007 全國(guó)卷IIA. OneB. This C. ItD. That5.It +謂語(yǔ)+名詞從句(主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)it作形式主語(yǔ), that從句作真正主語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的句型有: It + be + 形容詞(obvious, true, , surprising, wonderful, funny, , likely, certain, probable,

11、 etc.) + that It + be + 形容詞(important necessary, right, possible strange, natural.) that sb. (should) do sth. It + be + 名詞詞組(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, no surprise, a fact, a pleasure, a surprise, an honor, a pity, common sense etc.)+ that例如：_is a fact that English is being accepted as an in

12、ternational language. ( 1995.37 ) A. There B. This C. That D. ItThe Foreign Minister said ,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace .”( 2004.北京.24 )A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It isHe hasnt slept at all for three days. _he is tired out.( 2005.湖北.30 )AThere is no point BThere i

13、s no needCIt is no wonder DIt is no way_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger.more prosperous economy. （2006高考浙江卷4）A.As B. That C. This D. It It+ be +過(guò)去分詞( said ,reported, believed, declared, expected, supposed, hoped, accepted, stated, acknowledged, recognized, ment

14、ioned, proved. shown, announced, arranged, observed, proposed, regarded, considered, thought, learned, well known, pointed out,.) + that It has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(上海36)A. if B. because C. when D. thatIt is often

15、that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. （09全國(guó)II.6）A. said B. to say C. saying D. being said It+ be+過(guò)去分詞(suggested, ordered, demanded, requested . ) that sb. (should) do sth. It不及物動(dòng)詞(seems, happens, appears, occurs)that或 It looks ( seems )+ as if .另外，常見(jiàn)的句型還有：It is not settled / has not bee

16、n decided / is still unknown/ It makes no difference + whether It doesnt matter whether .如：It depends on the weather whether we will go.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this  B. that  C. he D.

17、0;it(91) it作形式賓語(yǔ)的用法由作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)后置的固定句式有下面幾個(gè)類型：1主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+形容詞/名詞+動(dòng)詞不定式/從句例如：I don't think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (90) A. this B. that C. its D. itYou should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again (1999.18)A. when B. where C. then D. ther

18、eThe chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting . ( 2005.全國(guó)II卷.35 )Athat Bit Cthis DhimHe didnt make _clear when and where the meeting would be held. （2007高考天津卷1）A. this B. that C. it D. theseAs the busiest woman in Norton. she made _her duty to look after all the o

19、ther peoples affairs in that town. （2006高考湖南卷26）A. this B. that C. one D. it2主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+從句I hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(1998.8)A. it B. that C. these D. them I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. ( 2004.全國(guó).27 )A. this B. that C. it D. one在I like / love / enjoy

20、 / hate it when這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中,it 是形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)是when從句所描述的某種情形。值得注意的是,這種情況與我們所熟悉的it作形式賓語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的,因?yàn)樵谒鬀](méi)有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。又如: I hate it when you cant discuss things openly.       I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.        I like it that eve

21、ryone passed the exam. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it  B. thatC. these       D. them(98) I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004-I-27) A.

22、this B. that C. it D. oneId appreciate _if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. （2006高考山東卷24）A. that B. it C. this D. you 3主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+介詞+it+從句例如：Ill see to it that（注意做到）everything is ready in time.Can I depend on it（相信）that this wont take place again? 4主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+形容詞+從句He made it clear that

23、he would leave office soon.5主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+介詞短語(yǔ)+從句I took it for granted that they were not coming.6主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+名詞+從句He felt it an honor that he would have a chance to come to China.7主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+過(guò)去分詞+從句He wont have it concluded （不認(rèn)為）that his son is a fool.三it 可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)成句型：It's +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/ who+句子的其他部分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部

24、分是人,既可用that又可用who,其余的全部用that。這一句型也可用于一般疑問(wèn)句、否定句或特殊疑問(wèn)句。其特點(diǎn)是:去掉It is(was)及that (who)后,在不添詞、不減詞的前提下能重新構(gòu)成一個(gè)意義完整的句子。例如：.Was it during the Second World War_ he died?  A. that B. while  C. in which D. then(88) It was&#

25、160;not _ she took off her glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.  A. when , that B. until , that  C. until , that   D. when ,

26、0;then (92) It was about 600 years ago_ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (1997.25 ) A. that B. until C. before D. whenIt was not until 1920_regular radio broadcasts began. ( 1995.33 ) It was only when I reread this poems recently

27、0;_ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. until B. that  C. then D. so (97) A. while B. which C. that D. sinceIt is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you

28、0;come from or what you are. A. one  B. that  C. what D. it (2000) Why! I have nothing to confess. _you want me to say?(2004.上海.43)A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is thatI just wonder _that makes

29、him so excited. （2006高考山東卷32）A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. 2007 浙江卷 When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This D. that; ItIt was not until midnight they r

30、eached the camp site. （08重慶卷22） A. that B. when C. while D. as容易與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)混淆的固定句型：It is the first time ( that ) sb. have / has done sth.It was the first time ( that ) sb. had done sth.該句型中that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the first(second)time,譯為：這是某人第一（二）次做某事。例如：It is the first time ( that ) I have been here.It was the f

31、irst time ( that )I had visited the place. It is ( high / about ) time ( that ) sb. did / should do sth. 該句型中that引導(dǎo)虛擬定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞time，意思是：某人早該做某事了。It is high time (that ) he went to school . It is / has been + 時(shí)間段+ since sb. did sth.It was+ 時(shí)間段+ since sb. had done sth. 若since從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是終止性動(dòng)詞，表示“自某人做某事以來(lái)

32、已經(jīng)多久了”；若從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則表示“自某人不做某事以來(lái)已經(jīng)多久了”。例如：It is10 years since we left our hometown. 自我們離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)10年了。It is10years since we lived in that village. 自我們不住在那個(gè)村莊已經(jīng)10年了。That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. ( 2005.全國(guó)I卷.29 )A. when B. that C. before D. since It is almos

33、t five years _we saw each other last time. （2005北京春季.23）A. before B .since C. after D. whenIt is+ 時(shí)間段名詞+ before .此句型若為肯定句，意指“過(guò)了多久才”，若為否定句，則是指“沒(méi)過(guò)多久就”例如：It will be hours before he arrives here.幾小時(shí)以后他才會(huì)到這兒。It was not long before they drove the enemy from their homeland. 沒(méi)多久他們就把敵人從他們的國(guó)土上趕跑了。Scientists s

34、ay it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. ( 2004.福建.31 ) A. since B. after C. before D. whenIt was some time _ we realized the truth. ( 2005.山東.24 ) A. when B. until C. since D. beforeHow long do you think it will be _China sends a manned spaceship to t

35、he moon?Perhaps two or three years. （2006福建卷25）A. when B. until C. that D. beforeB. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment（2002年上海春）C. Awill not be；will know Bis；will know D. Cwill not be；know Dis；know It is +時(shí)間名詞+ whenIt was 8 oclock when he came back.（定語(yǔ)從句）It is +時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+that It was 3 yea

36、rs ago that he joined the army.（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）It is +地點(diǎn)名詞+ wheret is the place where I was born.（定語(yǔ)從句）It is +地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+ thatIt was in the place that I came to know him.（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)）四替代詞it, that與one的區(qū)別it表特指，替代前文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的同一名詞；替代前文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)的同類名詞時(shí)，用that和one。that表特指，相當(dāng)于“the+名詞”，可代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞（只指物不指人），one用于泛指，相當(dāng)于“a/an+名詞”，只代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（可

37、表示人也可表示物）。I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_.( 1995.22 ) A. it B. those C. them D. one-Why don't we take a little break?-Didn't we just have _? ( 2000.23)Ait Bthat Cone DthisMeeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _I will always treasure. (200

38、2.全國(guó).35) A. that B. one C. it D. whatWe needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _ from some wood we had. ( 2004.廣西.24 )A. it B. one C. himself D. anotherCars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. (2005江西卷)Aone  Bones  Cit  Dtho

39、se Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet. （2005浙江卷） Aone  Bones   Cit        Dthem  I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom' s. （2005天津卷）       

40、; A. one           B. that              C. it               D. this 1 admired the painting, and Ed said he would like me to h

41、ave _ as a gift from him. (08 高考延考區(qū).6)A. one B. it C. thisD. someI like this house with a beautiful garden in front. but I dont have enough money to buy . （09四川）A. one B. it C. this D. that五it對(duì)關(guān)系代詞as的干擾 _is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. ( 2002.全國(guó).34 )A. it B.

42、 As C. That D. What _ is reported in the newspapers , talks between the two countries are making progress. ( 2004.北京.34 )A.it B. As C. That D What以上兩題考察了as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,若選that,句子應(yīng)分別為：It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.It is reported in the newspapers that talks

43、 between the two countries are making progress. 六it對(duì)關(guān)系代詞which的干擾 Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999) A. it B. that C. when D. which此題中which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,代指主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容。若用it,則該句為:Carol said the work would be done by October, but personally I doubt it very

44、 much. 又如：Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didn't help. (93) A. he B. which C. she D. itThe doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. ( 2005全國(guó)III卷13 )Ait BsheCwhichDhe七it對(duì)there be句型的干擾_ no need for us to discuss the problem

45、again since it has already been settled. (91) A. It has B. There has C. It is D. There is_ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match. ( 2001.上海.春.35 )A. There that B. It that C. There whether D. It whether常見(jiàn)的there be句型有：There is no doubt that / of 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn) There is no need to do /for

46、沒(méi)有必要 There is no denying無(wú)可否認(rèn) There is no hurry about 無(wú)需慌張There is no difficulty in方面沒(méi)困難 There is no difference between沒(méi)區(qū)別There is no possibility that/ of 沒(méi)可能 There is no room for 沒(méi)有余地 There is no sense in 是無(wú)意義的 There was a time when 曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間 There is no chance that/ of 沒(méi)有的機(jī)會(huì)八其它含有it的常見(jiàn)句式和短語(yǔ)：It takes s

47、b. . to do sth.If it had not been for若要不是It remains to be seen / proved that有待于觀察證明例如：Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it.( 2002.全國(guó).32 )A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenIt turned out / so fell out that最終結(jié)果是，終于 It is up to sb.

48、to do sth. 該由某人做某事It is a common saying that俗話說(shuō) It goes without saying that不言而喻It is worth notice that值得注意的是it也常用于某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中，各該習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)有具體意義，但it并無(wú)具體意義。如：as it is 事實(shí)上as it were 仿佛at it （keep at it）干個(gè)不停at its height(at inthe height of) 達(dá)到高點(diǎn)，在最旺盛時(shí)期be for it 一定要處罰be in for it = be for it 難免受罰，勢(shì)必倒霉，be in it 參加；

49、有獲勝希望be it 杰出人物be it so (so be it, let it be so) 就這樣吧be with it 機(jī)變老練的believe it or not信不信由你cab it 乘車carry it 獲勝；表現(xiàn)舉止catch it 受責(zé)罰come it over 凌駕于之上come (go) it strong 竭盡全力；夸張do it all 服無(wú)期徒刑draw it fine 過(guò)于精明draw it mind 適度；不夸張get it 懂得get it all together 胸有成竹get it hot 挨罵；受罰get (catch, take) it in the

50、 neck 受重罰get it into ones head that 完全了解get it in for one 懷恨在心get it on 變得熱情get it on (with sb) 與作愛(ài)get it ones nose 生氣；戀愛(ài)get it out 放松，get it through ones head 了解get it up 勃起give it a whirl 試圖give it back to sb 以牙還牙give it mouth 慷慨陳詞give it sb hot 嚴(yán)斥；痛打某人give it to sb 處罰；責(zé)打某人give it to sb straight 對(duì)

51、某人直言不諱go it 加油go it alone 單干go it strong = come it strong hand it out 責(zé)罵、打；懲罰hand it to sb 贊揚(yáng)某人have it 得到消息；受處罰have it all over 勝過(guò)have it away (off) (with) 向（偷偷）求愛(ài)have it both way （辯論中）左右逢源have it coming 應(yīng)受（獎(jiǎng)懲）have it good 處境優(yōu)越have it in for 對(duì)懷有仇恨have it in one (to do sth) 有能力（氣質(zhì)）（做某事）have it made 有成功把握have had it 筋疲力盡；被打敗have it out 爭(zhēng)個(gè)明白keep it up 繼續(xù)下去knock it off 停止做某事lay (put) it on the line 付錢；坦率地說(shuō)；提供證據(jù)lay it on (thick) 夸張；拼命恭維let it all hang out 說(shuō)出真情let it go at that談?wù)摰酱藶橹筶et it rip 聽(tīng)其自然live it up 狂歡一場(chǎng)；奢侈浪費(fèi)keep it