Unit4Pygmalion知識(shí)講解話題語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用——文學(xué)作品和戲劇

1、話題語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用文學(xué)作品和戲劇編稿：牛新閣審稿：王春霞語(yǔ)言積累交際用語(yǔ)1. 推測(cè)、猜想I wonder whether.我想是否I think it 's because.我想是由于 Is it possible that.?是可能嗎？Do you know if.? 你知道是否 Perhaps / Maybe, but.也許,但是 Do you really think that 's true?你真的認(rèn)為那是真的嗎？2 .情感Why do you think Higgins felt like that?你認(rèn)為希金斯為什么想要那個(gè)/做那件事？How did you feel a

2、bout your first lesson? 你感覺你的第一節(jié)課怎么樣？What do you think would make Eliza happier? 你認(rèn)為什么會(huì)讓伊萊扎快樂些？Mrs. Pearce would comfort / encourage her by.皮爾斯夫人會(huì)通過 來寬慰 /鼓勵(lì)她.surprised驚奇的confused糊涂的sobbing 抽泣hesitating 猶豫kindly溫和地,親切地rudely粗魯?shù)豨ratefully 感謝地disappointed 失望的 amazed吃驚的weeping哭泣,流淚gently溫和地,慈祥地happily快樂

3、地heartily盡情地,堅(jiān)決地worried 擔(dān)憂的upset心煩的laughing 大笑hopefully懷有希望地 uncomfortably 不 自在地 proudly自豪地,傲慢地3. 判斷與評(píng)價(jià)You've made such progress and.你已經(jīng)取得了這么大的進(jìn)步,而且 The problem was that. 問題是You were very good with .你很擅長(zhǎng)(be good with sth.在有技巧/嫻熟)Remember (never) to . 記住(不)要 All in all , you did very well.總的來說,你做

4、的很好 I think you just need more practice.我想你只是需要更多的練習(xí).話題語(yǔ)句(1)Pygmalion皮格馬利翁Pygmalion was a very gifted artist. He spent a long time making a stone statue of a beautiful woman. It was so beautiful that he couldn 't help loving it and wanted it to be his wife. He went to the Greek Goddess Aphrodite

5、 to ask her to bring the statue to life . As a result of his prayers, his wish is granted and the statue is made into a real woman. The two marry and live happily ever after.The Greek myth was a popular subject for Victorian era English playwrights . Based on the classical myth, Bernard Shaw wrote a

6、 famous play Pygmalion .要點(diǎn)提示：grant批準(zhǔn)era時(shí)代,歷史時(shí)期Victorian era維多利亞時(shí)代playwright劇作家classical古典的myth神話George Bernard Shaw 蕭伯納George Bernard Shaw 1856-1950, Irish dramatist, literary critic , a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century theatre. Shaw was a freethinker , defender of women

7、 's rights, and advocate of equality of income. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money. He was a very humorous playwright.要點(diǎn)提示：Irish愛爾蘭的dramatist劇作家literary critic 文學(xué)評(píng)論家spokesman發(fā)言人theater戲劇界advocate 提倡humorous富有幽默感的My Fair Lady窈窕淑女?

8、It is an adaptation of the play Pygmalion ".It is a musical made in 1956.It was filmed in 1964. The film was a huge success, winning eight Oscars. 要點(diǎn)提示： adaptation改寫本,改編,適應(yīng) musical音樂的,音樂喜劇The same theme 同一主題Theme of the Greek story 希臘故事的主題:Pygmalion, an artist , creates astatue from stone and m

9、akes it have a new life.Theme of the play by Shaw 蕭伯納戲劇的主題 :Higgins, a phonetics , creates a new girl Eliza from the lower class to the upper class by teaching her English.Description of each character人物描寫1. anxious 焦慮的,emotional 易動(dòng)感情的,ambitious 有抱負(fù)的,enthusiastic 熱情的2. impatient 急躁的,rude 粗魯?shù)?proud 傲

10、慢的,superior 有優(yōu)越感的,self-important 妄 自尊大的3. kind 仁慈的,polite 有教養(yǎng)的,generous 慷慨的,eager 熱切的,confident 有信心的, optimistic 樂觀的【高清課堂：Pygnalion語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用】話題語(yǔ)句2Pygmalion effectThe term Pygmalion effect refers broadly to the effects of interpersonal expectations, that is, the finding that what one person expects of ano

11、ther can come to serve as a self-fulfilling prophecy.Our actions(towards dhers)、Pygmalion、Our beliefsOthers'beliefs(abovl cur&elves) CTTeCt店bout u»)Others actions(towwds U5j要點(diǎn)提示：broadly概括地self-fulfilling 自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的,本身自然會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的impact沖擊力,影響Pygmalion effect皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)interpersonal人與人之間的prophecy 預(yù)言rein

12、force 增強(qiáng)Pygmalion effect in the classroomIn 1965 Robert Rosenthal, professor of social psychology at Harvard University, and his colleague, conducted an experiment in a public elementary school, telling teachers that certain children could be expected to be genius, " "based on the student$

13、esults on the Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition. In fact, the test was nonexistent and those children designated as " genius were chosen at random. What Rosenthal and Jacobson hoped to determine by this experiment was the degree (if any) to which changes in teacher expectation produce chang

14、es in student achievement.要點(diǎn)提示：psychology 心理學(xué)genius 夭才nonexistent 不存在的designate指定at random任意地,隨便地Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition 哈佛習(xí)得變化測(cè)驗(yàn)The science behind the Pygmalion effectThe reason why self-fulfilling prophecies work has to do with our subconscious mind. Whenever we talk about a self-ful

15、filling prophecy, for example when I say that I will be successful, I am imprinting this intomy subconscious mind. The brain works in such a way that it remembers better when we repeat this, so every time I say it, this imprint becomes stronger.An interesting interaction happens with the conscious m

16、ind and the subconscious mind. The conscious mind is heavily influenced by the subconscious mind, but we hardly ever realize this. This interaction means that whatever we have imprinted in our subconscious mind, will be pickedup consciously and executed (執(zhí)行).要點(diǎn)提示：subconscious 下意識(shí)的,潛意識(shí)的imprint銘記,印記 i

17、nteraction 相互作用have/be to do with 與有關(guān)Using self-fulfilling prophecies to your advantageActually, using the Pygmalion effect to your advantage is very simple. The idea is actually very old, in the form of mantra 頌歌,咒語(yǔ).A mantra, which originates from Hinduism, is a form of prayer that has a powerful e

18、ffect when repeated. As such, it is basically the Pygmalion effect: repeat something, so it becomes imprinted in your subconscious mind. So the only thing you have to do is create your mantra and keep repeating it. This doesn 't have to be done out loud, you can do this silently too. The key fac

19、tor is repeating, so your subconscious will pick up the idea and make it grow stronger and stronger.要點(diǎn)提示：to sb.'s advantage對(duì)有利originate from 來自Hinduism 印度教as such同樣地key factor關(guān)鍵因素A word of cautionThe nasty matter of fact is that the Pygmalion effect can also be used in a bad way. Have you ever n

20、oticed how people who claim that they always have bad luck . always have bad luck? The key here is to only concern yourself with positive thinking. Stay away from bad ideas, because repeating those will also imprint them in your subconscious! 話題語(yǔ)句(3)有用的句子-試試你會(huì)了嗎？1. 一位語(yǔ)音學(xué)專家,堅(jiān)信一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)水平?jīng)Q定這個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位an exp

21、ert in phonetics,that the of a person ' s Engliskddsdnis / her2. 貧苦的賣花姑娘,立志要改善自己的生活a poor flower girl who is3. 陸軍軍官,后來成了希金斯教授的朋友.希金斯還給上校安排了一項(xiàng)工作an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who4. 附近一個(gè)穿著深色衣裙圍著羊毛圍巾的賣花姑娘也在躲雨.Nearby a flower girl wearing and a is also the rain.5. 你把我當(dāng)成什么人

22、了？What do you?6. 我還以為你可能是一個(gè)便衣警察呢.I thought maybe you were a policeman.7. 一般來說,人們對(duì)于他們認(rèn)為地位比他們高的人要更禮貌一些,而對(duì)于他們認(rèn)為地位低 一些的人,他們的禮貌就差一些., people are to those who they think are and tothose they consider are members of a lower class.8. 亨利希金斯和皮克林上校坐著專心地談話.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting.9. 我本來很

23、欣賞自己,由于我能清楚地發(fā)出24個(gè)元音來,而你卻發(fā)出了 130個(gè)元音,你贏了我.I myself because I can twenty-four vowel sounds; but your onehundred and thirty beat me.10. 我會(huì)為這個(gè)小賭當(dāng)裁判,而且課時(shí)費(fèi)也由我來付.I' ll be the for this little bet and too.參考答案：1. convinced; quality; position in society convince sb. of sth./ to do sth. 使某人確信 2. ambitious t

24、o improve herself ambitious 有抱負(fù)的3. sets him a task4. dark garments; woolen scarf; sheltering from shelter from 躲避5. take me for take for 誤以為6. in disguise 偽裝的,假扮的7. Generally speaking; more polite; of a higher social class of 屬于;less polite8. deep in conversation 專心談話9. rather fancied; pronounce; di

25、stinct rather 相當(dāng),頗；fancy oneself 自負(fù),自命非凡；fancy 自 負(fù),想象,設(shè)想,想要10. referee; pay for the lessons寫作運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)戲劇戲劇同小說一樣有情節(jié)plot、人物character、背景setting、主題theme和風(fēng) 格style.戲劇一般分為幕acts和場(chǎng)scene*.場(chǎng)是幕中的局部,有的只分幕,不分 場(chǎng).1. 劇本三要素：舞臺(tái)說明、戲劇沖突、人物臺(tái)詞.舞臺(tái)說明：幫助導(dǎo)演和演員掌握劇情,為演出提供相關(guān)說明.戲劇沖突：劇中必須有一個(gè)矛盾沖突問題供人物去解決,劇中所有的事件都與該 矛盾沖突有關(guān).人物臺(tái)詞：即劇中人物的語(yǔ)言,

26、是性格化的,有動(dòng)作性,由于人物的語(yǔ)言與人物的行 動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起的.同時(shí),人物的語(yǔ)言和動(dòng)作要符合各自的身份和特征.臺(tái)詞的表現(xiàn)形式有： 對(duì)話、獨(dú)白、弟白、內(nèi)白在后臺(tái)說話、潛臺(tái)詞等.2. 時(shí)態(tài)：多用現(xiàn)在時(shí).3. 舞臺(tái)說明用斜體,置于括號(hào)中,常用省略句、動(dòng)詞 -ing形式等.另外,本單元的話題寫作還可以拓展為書評(píng)、戲劇評(píng)論或有關(guān)皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的內(nèi)容 的書面表達(dá).話題寫作范文Example 1假設(shè)下面是Eliza的第一節(jié)課要結(jié)束時(shí)的場(chǎng)景,據(jù)此推測(cè)并編寫她與Mrs Pearce 女仆的對(duì)話.H = Higgins CP = Colonel Pickering E = Eliza.E: The rai-ain

27、 in Spai-ain falls mai-ainly on the plain.CP: Miss Doolittle, that 's so much better.H: Now, Eliza, go and practise by yourself . Keep your tongue well forward instead of trying to swallow it.E: (beginning to cry) Oah! Oah!H : (angrily) Now Eliza, go and tell Mrs Pearce about this lesson. Think

28、about it and practise by yourself. Away with you!(Eliza is still sobbing , rushes from the room)CP: Now Henry, couldn 't you have been kinder to that poor girl after all the effort she made?參考范文：MP = Mrs Pearce E = ElizaMP: Ah Eliza, there you are! How did the first lesson go?E: (very upset) Oh

29、Mrs Pearce. I t was terrible.MP: Why do you think like that? What happened?E: Is it possible that I 'm bad at everything? First it was my appearance and my clothes. Now it 's my pronunciation. Why they even made me say my ABC!MP: Dry your eyes, my dear. Let me encourage you. I 'm sure th

30、ey were just trying to help you. I know Mr Higgins is very keen on getting that right. He says that is the start of good speaking.E: (feeling better) Oh do you really think that 's true? Perhaps hedidn 't mean to unkind then!MP: Well, I know he 's not quite a gentleman when it comes to a

31、 lady's feelings. He is so strict on you because he wants to win his bet with Colonel Pickering.E: Really! So he doesn't just do it because he doesn't like me. Thank you Mrs Pearce. You have made me feel much better.Example 2假設(shè)下表是Higgins教授給Eliza上的第一節(jié)課的小結(jié)筆記,根據(jù)筆記來推測(cè)第二節(jié)課 的情況,寫一場(chǎng)小劇.What Eliz

32、a got rightWhat still needs to be improvedPronunciationShe got the phrases and sentences correct after repeating them twice: Do you think I don't know anything? a cup of tea " The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain .Her ai" in The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain" and

33、her alphabet.EvaluationShe learns quickly, and picks up new pronunciation very fast.參考范文：Act Two, Scene 3H = Higgins E = Eliza CP = Colonel Pickering(Professor Higgins is waiting for Eliza to come to their second lesson. He looks up and smiles as she enters the room.)H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for ou

34、r second lesson?E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es.H: Well done, Eliza, that sounds better already. Don 't you think so, Pickering?CP: Yes, indeed.H: Well. Let's try our sentences again, shall we? Let's see. There was a cup of tea.E: A cu-up of te-ea.CP: Excellent , my dear. And first time

35、too.H: Yes indeed. Now let's try I'don't know anything ".E: I don't know-ow any-thing.H: Amazing progress . Don't you think so, Pickering? She 's really listening. Now, let 's do the last sentence The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain."E: The rain in Spain

36、 star-eyes mainly on the plar-eyen.H: Almost perfect . Just a little more work, Eliza. Stai-ays" and Plai-ain". Again please.E: The rain in Spain stay-ays mainly on the plai-ain.CP: Wonderful. She 'll soon be perfect.H: Excellent, Eliza. We 'll soon make a lady of you. Now off you

37、go for a good lunch. Well done!拓展寫作范文Example 1皮格馬利翁?是蕭伯納根據(jù)一個(gè)希臘神話改寫的同名劇本,學(xué)完此劇后,你認(rèn)為此劇如何？請(qǐng)為此劇寫一篇短評(píng).點(diǎn)撥：1. 這是一篇戲劇評(píng)論,首先要寫明戲劇的題目及作者,并對(duì)故事及人物、背景等作簡(jiǎn) 單介紹；2. 寫出你喜歡此劇的理由；3. 對(duì)特殊情節(jié)或人物作簡(jiǎn)述.4. 綜合評(píng)價(jià)此劇.參考范文：Review of Pygmalion by Bernard ShawI enjoyed studying the play Pygmalion very much. I found it both amusing and i

38、nteresting. Like the ancient Greek play, the theme of the play is change. In the Greek play, the artist Pygmalion changes from a person who dislikes women to someone who loves one particular woman. In this modern play, Henry Higgins changes from a person who first dislikes Eliza to someone who does

39、like Eliza though he will not admit it. In the Greek play, the statue changes from a stone into a real person. In this play, Eliza changes from a flower girl into a beautiful and accomplished lady.The play is set in the early 20 th century. It is at a time when social groups in society are fixed and they can be identified through clothes and languages. So when Eliza improves both