初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句1關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句講解練習(xí)及答案

1、定語(yǔ)從句1關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句-、考點(diǎn)、熱點(diǎn)回顧【詞匯辨析】1. every day & everydayevery day "每天"，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。everyday是形容詞，"每天的，日常的”。eg: She learns some everyday English every day. 她每天學(xué)一些日常英語(yǔ)。 He goes to bed late every day.他每天睡覺很晚。2. between & amongbetween常用于表示兩者之間，或用于表示三者或三者以上的眾多事物兩兩之間 among 一般指在三者或三者以上眾多事物之中。

2、eg: Tom is between Ann and Mary.湯姆在安和瑪麗之間。They talked among themselves while they waited. 他們一邊等著一邊互相談話【固定搭配】to do / doing在英語(yǔ)中，有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后既可以接不定式，也可以接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，但意思不同1. forget to do 忘記做某事I ' msorry I forgot to post the letter.forget doing 做過某事忘了I forgot telli ng him the n ews the other day.2. stop to

3、do 停下來做某事He stopped to talk to me whe n he saw me in the street yesterday.stop doing 停止做某事Please stop talki ng loudly in the library.3. try to do盡力做某事 I ' tiy to get there before sun set.我將盡量在日落前趕到那里。try doing試著做某事Why not try kn ocki ng at the back door? 為什么不試一試敲后門？4. regret to do 遺憾地將做某事I regre

4、t to say that I can' go with you.regret doing 后悔做過某事I regret miss ing such a good cha nee of practis ing my spoke n En glish.【關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句】(一) 、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一 名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語(yǔ)的句子，定語(yǔ)從句要放在所修飾的詞后。女口： 1) The man who lives next to us is a policema n.2) You must do everything that I do .上面

5、兩句中的 man和everything是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有 關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where, when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作廠:1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分(二) 、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. who指人，在從句中做主語(yǔ)(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. wh

6、om指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷?。(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替，可省略。(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yester

7、day. ( which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 who或者whom ;指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于 which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語(yǔ))(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning ?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I lived in a

8、 house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book is yellow?【總結(jié)】：一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等句子成分。如：代替人代替物代替

9、人或物主語(yǔ)whowhichthat賓語(yǔ)whom / whowhichthat定語(yǔ)whose (= of whom )whose (= of which )1. This is the doctor who came from London.2. The book which /that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.3. The desk whose leg is broken is very old.4. This is the room that /which Shakespeare was born in.二、使用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)應(yīng)|注意以下幾

10、點(diǎn):1. 女口果先行詞是 all, anything ,something,nothing , everything ,little,none 等不定代詞,關(guān)系代詞一般 只用 that，不用 which。例如： All that arepresent burst into tears.2. 如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any, only, few , much, no, some, very 等詞修飾, 關(guān)系代詞常用that, 不用which。例如： The first less on that I lear ned will n ever be forgotte n

11、.3. which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思與and this相似。例如： He succeeded in the competiti on, which made his pare nts very happy.4. 先行詞中 既有人又有物 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該 用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.5. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定

12、語(yǔ)從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等，關(guān)系代詞常常 只可用 whom 或 which,不可用 that。例如： The room in which t here is a mach ine is a workshop.像 listen to, look at,depend on,pay attention to, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如： This is the boy whom she has take n care of.典型例題()

13、1、 -Do you know the manis talk ing with your father ?-Yes, he s our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom()2、The girlis reading under the treemy sister.A. which ; isB. whom ; wasC. who ; isD. who ; was()3、Have you seen the film Titanicactors are very famous?A whoB whoseC thatD whom()4、Ann asked t

14、he policema nhe worked to con tact him whe never there was an accide nt.D whomA with him B with whom C who()5、A childparents are dead is called an orphan.A whichB hisC whoseD with()6、This is the reasonhe told me.A、thatB、whyC、on which D、for that()7、Do you know the scientistgave us a talk just now?A.

15、whoB. whomC. whichD. whose4#()8、This is the dictionaryMum gave me for my birthday.A. which B. whatC. whoseD. whom()9、Shaolin Templelies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home andabroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what()10、一 Do you know the girlis standing under the tree?She is m

16、y little sister.C. whose D. whichA. whoB. whom二、課后練習(xí)()1. Beiji ng is the 29th cityholds the Olympic Games.A. whereB. thatC. which D. what()2. Have you read the bookI gave you yesterday?A. thatB. whe nC. where()3. The mancame to our party with a prese nt is my old frie nd.A. whe nB. whichC. who()4. I

17、 like writerswrite short stories.A. which B. what C. whom D. who()5. This is the questi onwe are talk ing about now.A. thatB. who C. where D. whe n()6. What are you looki ng for?I am looking for the bookI bought yesterday .A. whoB. whichC. whose()7. Jack, there is some one in the officewould like to

18、 speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whom()8. If a bag is filled with books and pen s, it must bel ong to some oneworks hard.A. whichB. /C. whomD. who()9. Many young people prefer the songshave great lyrics.A. whichB. whoC. where D. whom()10. Even teachers can ' t understand some expressions their s

19、tudents use in daily life.A. whoseB. whoC. thatD. whom()11. The bridgea big ship can go has bee n built.A. un der whichB. un der thatC. i n whichD. on which()12. The bookis torn is mine.A. the cover of whichB. the cover of thatC. which the coverD. whose cover of()13. He talked about the classmates a

20、nd the schoolhe had visited.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. about which()14. You have see n the girlsister is a Chin ese teacher.A. whomB. of whomC. whoseD. of which()15. We should do allis useful to people.A. /B. thatC. itD. which()16. We came to a placethey had n ever paid a visit before.A. whichB. i n wh

21、ichC. on whichD. to which()17. Thosefini shed doing it put up your han ds.A. who haveB. who hasD. haveC. which have()19. The manwas a friend of mine.A. that you just talkedtoB. whom youjust talkedto himC. who you just talkedto himD. which youjust talkedto()20. I went to the schoolmy father once work

22、ed.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. on which()21. I shall never forget those yearsI lived in the country with the farmers, has agreat effect on my life.A. that; whichB. whe n; whichC. which; thatD. whe n; who()22. The weather turned out to be very good,was more tha n we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD

23、. it()23. Carol said the work would be done by October,A. itB. thatC. whe n()24. Dorothy was always speak ing highly of her roleun happy.A. whoB. whichC. thispers on ally I doubt very much.D. whichin the play, of course, made the othersD. what()25. Have you see n the film "Tita nic",lead i

24、ng actor is world famous?A. itsB. it'sC. whoseD. which7典型例題 1B2C3b4b5c6a 7a8a9b10a課后練習(xí) 1B2A3D4D 5-9ABADA 10C11解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞?；境ＷR(shí)：定語(yǔ)從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞由搭配介詞+which/whom構(gòu)成，先行詞指人用前者，先行詞指事/物用后者。定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的判斷方法為將先行詞想方設(shè)法放入從句，使從句成為一個(gè)完整且有先行 詞成分的陳述句。此句中，先行詞為the bridge;從句為a big ship can go,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為A big ship can

25、go under the bridge.因此，答案為A12解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞以及所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句中先行詞為the book,從句應(yīng)為cover is torn,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為the cover of the book is torn.因此隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)為 the cover of which或所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu) whose cover. 因此，答案為A13解析：考查先行詞即指人又指物的定語(yǔ)從句相同意思引導(dǎo)詞。定語(yǔ)從句相同意思引導(dǎo)詞基本要點(diǎn)，無論限定性還是非限 定性定語(yǔ)從句的主賓表引導(dǎo)詞均為相同意思引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞指事物的情況，用引導(dǎo)詞which.此句中，先行詞為 t

26、he classmates and the school 從句為he had visited,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為He had visited the classmates and the school.所以不難發(fā)現(xiàn)先行詞在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作visited的賓語(yǔ)使用，先行詞既指人又指物。因此，答案為B14解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句先行詞為the girl，定語(yǔ)從句為sister is a Chinese teacher, 二者構(gòu)成的完整句為The girl's sister is a Chinese teacher.先行詞的's所有格構(gòu)成的所屬關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作定語(yǔ)。

27、因此，答案只能為C.定語(yǔ)從句固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞相關(guān)要點(diǎn)：先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中除作從句主賓表成分以外的成分，均為相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞，其中包 括固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞和隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞只有when（時(shí)間關(guān)系），where （地點(diǎn)關(guān)系），why（先行詞為the reason,原因關(guān)系）whose（所屬關(guān)系，包括's所有格關(guān)系和of所有格關(guān)系，由whose修飾的名詞成分前不能用冠詞成分，whose應(yīng)為名詞的前置性定語(yǔ)成分）；隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞為相關(guān)搭配介詞+which/whom構(gòu)成的引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。15解析：考查限定性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞為不定代詞的相同意思引導(dǎo)詞。此句中先行詞all為不定代詞，從句為

28、is useful topeople，從句缺主語(yǔ)， 二者構(gòu)成的完整句為 All is useful to people.為了便于理解， All =All the things/ everything.所以從句的完整 句還可以寫成 Everything is useful to people; 或 All the things are useful to people. 因此，答案為 B16解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句先行詞為a place,從句為they had never paid a visit before,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為They had never paid a vis

29、it to the place before.因此，答案為 D。此句的可轉(zhuǎn)換概念進(jìn)行相同意思引導(dǎo)詞的考查，題干為Wecame to a placethey had never visited before. 其答案可以為 which/that/ 省略弓丨導(dǎo)詞。17解析：考查為指示代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的指代分析以及引導(dǎo)詞的數(shù)量。此句中，those為定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，相當(dāng)于thosestudents/clerks, finished diong it為定語(yǔ)從句成分，從句缺主語(yǔ)以及謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)指人，用一般引導(dǎo)詞 who,引導(dǎo)詞數(shù)量與先行詞一致為復(fù)數(shù)。因此，答案為A19解析：考查完整的定語(yǔ)從句。此句中先行詞在從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)，先行詞相同意思用引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)，先行詞指人。因此，答案為A20解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞。此句先行詞the school,定語(yǔ)從句my father once worked,二者構(gòu)成的完整句 o為My father once worked in the school. in the