高中英語名詞性從句詳細(xì)講解ppt課件

1、1 名詞性從句名詞性從句 noun clause 主語從句主語從句subject clause 賓語從句賓語從句object clause 表語從句表語從句predicative clause 同位語從句同位語從句appositive clause2辨別下列名詞性從句的類別：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.The fact

2、 that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主語從句主語從句賓語從句賓語從句表語從句表語從句同位語從句同位語從句賓語從句賓語從句主語從句主語從句3That/wh-clause + v +主語從句主語從句S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表語從句表語從句S + vt + that/wh-

3、clause賓語從句賓語從句S + vi + prep + wh-clause賓語從句賓語從句 4 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：連接詞：that, whether, if連接代詞：連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.連接副詞：連接副詞：when, where, how, why1。that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分， 本身也沒有詞義，本身也沒有詞義，中可省略中可省略2。不充當(dāng)介。不充當(dāng)介3。 引導(dǎo)主語從

4、句、引導(dǎo)主語從句、和同位語從句和同位語從句,that不可省略。不可省略。4. that whether, if, as if ,as though（以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何 成分成分 5 主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語itit代替，而本身代替，而本身放在句子末尾。放在句子末尾。 It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如：語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如： It is a

5、 pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. 61.It + be + 形容詞形容詞 that從句從句It is necessary /It is necessary / important/ obviousimportant/ obvious thatthat2.It + be + -ed分詞分詞 that從句從句It is believed that 人們相信人們相信It is known to us all that . 眾所周知眾所周知It has b

6、een decided that 已經(jīng)決定已經(jīng)決定3.It + be + 名詞名詞 that從句從句It is common knowledge that 是常識是常識It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是令人驚奇的是It is a fact that 事實是事實是4.It + 不及物動詞不及物動詞 that從句從句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that . 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起7n另注意在主語從句中用來表示另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如

7、此等語氣時，等語氣時，謂語動詞要用謂語動詞要用 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：，常用的句型有： nIt is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that nIt is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 8 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)主語從句時在句時在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則則不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right.

8、 2) _she is still alive is a good thing. It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still alive.WhatThat2. what 與與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別在引導(dǎo)主語從句時的區(qū)別9 主語從句中的主語從句中的“主謂一致主謂一致”：1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式形式.That they will come _certain.2. What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時引導(dǎo)主語從句時,主句謂語

9、動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.3.注意注意isareis10n1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海上海)n A. What is required B .What requiresn C It is required D. It requiresn2. The Foreign M

10、inister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京北京)n A. This B. There is C .That is D. It isn3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海)n A .where B .what C .that D. hown Exercises11 賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的賓語從句就

11、是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞及物動詞) 或介詞之后?；蚪樵~之后。1.She did not know what had happened. 2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 賓語從句賓語從句 (作動詞的賓語作動詞的賓語)(作介詞的賓語作介詞的賓語)(作形容詞的賓語作形容詞的賓語)12n注意注意1：在：在demand，order，sugge

12、st，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示等表示要求、命令、要求、命令、建議、決定建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形動詞原形”。nI insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。我堅持要她自己工作。 nThe commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。 13n2. 用用whether或或if引

13、導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與與if 在作在作“是否是否”的意思的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用，不用if： na. 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)主語從句主語從句并在并在句首句首時；時；b. 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)表語從句表語從句時；時；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語介詞賓語時；時；d. 從句后有從句后有“or not”時；時；e. 后接后接動詞動詞不定式不定式時。時。14nWhether there is life on the moon is an

14、interesting question. nThe question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? nEverything depends on whether we have enough money. nI wonder whether he will come or not. nCan you tell me whether to go or to stay? 153. 賓語從句中的賓語從句中的“時態(tài)呼應(yīng)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)”與與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移” 若主句謂語動詞為若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, su

15、ppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：謂語用肯定式。例如：He told me that he _ his job. (已經(jīng)完成了工作已經(jīng)完成了工作)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)時態(tài)呼應(yīng)否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移我認(rèn)為他不會來這里我認(rèn)為他不會來這里.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont think he will come here. ( )had finished164.賓語從

16、句中用賓語從句中用it作形式賓語作形式賓語We think it our duty that we should help others.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，一般用語時，一般用itit來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補后面。補后面。我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.17Exercises: “it”作形式主語或形式賓語：作形式主語或形式賓語： 1.I h

17、ate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yoursel

18、fC. itD. them ABBC18 表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句主語連系動詞表語從句”?？??？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有以接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另等。另外，常用的還有外，常用的還有the reason is that 和和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：例如：1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)

19、This is _ we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus. whether/howwhythatwhythat191. 同位語從句的功能同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The

20、 kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting

21、was put off. 20n同位語從句和同位語從句和定語從句定語從句的區(qū)別：的區(qū)別： nthat作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略；當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒引導(dǎo)同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省有實際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。略。 nI had no idea that you were here（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略）引導(dǎo)同位語從句，不能省略） nHave you got the idea（that）thi

22、s book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略） 21Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(2006 上海春季上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005遼寧遼寧) A

23、. that B. what c. as D. which3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what4.Information has been put forward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as22(1) They want to know

24、_ do to help us.(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they A. what can they B. what they can B. what they can C. how they can C. how they can D. how can they D. how can they(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring?A. where Alice had put B. where had Al

25、ice putA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _.(3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he A. who is he B. who he is B. who he is C. who is it D. who i

26、t isBCI.語序問題語序問題考點歸納考點歸納D歸納歸納 在名詞性從句中，除了在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，外，其它部分其它部分應(yīng)用應(yīng)用_的語序的語序。陳述陳述23II.用用if 或或whether 填空填空n1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.n2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.n3. The question is _ this book is worth writing.n4. It depends on _ we will have enough money.n5

27、. _ they can do it matters little to us.n6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without youwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf a.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用面的賓語從句只能用_，不能用，不能用if ；b.后面緊跟后面緊跟 or not 時時, 用用_.歸納歸納whetherwhether24III. that 與與whether / if 的選擇：的選擇： (1) _ knowledge c

28、omes from practice is known to all. A.WhatB. WhereC. If D. That(2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when(3) I doubt _ he will come soon.(4) I do not doubt _ he will come soon.(5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?whether / ifth

29、atthat 表示是否時用表示是否時用_,表示肯定時用表示肯定時用_歸納歸納whether /ifthat251._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.that:what: _只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有詞義_起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語，起連接作用，且在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語， 表示表示“所所

30、的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat歸納歸納. that， what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別26. what & whatever who & whoever which & whichever 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2. _we need is more time.3._ made the long distance call to him is not important.4._ breaks the law will be punished. WhateverWhatWho

31、Whoevern _等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句不不含有疑問意義含有疑問意義，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個定語從句，相當(dāng)于名詞后加一個定語從句，而而n_等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句都含有疑問意義含有疑問意義。Whoever,whateverWho, what 271. Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what2. These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I

32、can to save them.A.which B. thatC. whatever D. all what3. _ kills, sells or eats wild animals or birds, is to blame.A.AnyoneB. Anyone whoC. Those whoD. ThoseExercises28. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣：He suggested that a meeting (should) be held immediately. It was suggested that a meeting (should) be held

33、 immediately. His suggestion was that a meeting (should) be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 表示表示建議建議, 請求請求, 命令命令, 要求要求,堅持堅持等的名詞性從句中等的名詞性從句中謂語動詞用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用虛擬語氣.歸納歸納292.在主語從句中用來表示在主語從句中用來表示驚奇驚奇, 不相信不相信,惋惜惋惜,理應(yīng)如此理應(yīng)如此等等, 謂語動詞用虛擬語氣謂語動詞用虛擬語氣( should ) + do

34、,常用句型有常用句型有 1)It is necessary( important, natural, strange, etc) that 2) It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc,) that e.g.It is strange that she (should) think so.30試區(qū)分以下句子試區(qū)分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：注意：1. 1. 如果是定語從句，它的從句肯定是如果

35、是定語從句，它的從句肯定是不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而不完整的，關(guān)系詞肯定在句中充當(dāng)成分的；而同位語從句中的同位語從句中的thatthat只起連接作用。只起連接作用。 2. 2. 定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，定語從句是對先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。而同位語從句則解釋說明前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容。( (同從同從) )( (定從定從) )拓展拓展31 高考再現(xiàn)高考再現(xiàn)1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B.

36、This C. That D. It2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than we have.A. What,what B. What,that C. That,thatD. That,what3.(NMET 2001春春)I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which4.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants

37、.A. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever5.(NMET 1999) I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.whereDADBA32331.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; becauseConsolidation:344. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What;