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1、英語(yǔ)初二上冊(cè)重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解Module 1 How to learn English1. pair n.( 相關(guān)的)兩個(gè)人,一對(duì),一雙,一副a pair of socks trousers 一雙襪子一副手套兩條褲子e.g. A pair of teenage boys are watching a football game.足球賽。2. correct(1) v.改正,糾正e.g.The teacher retur ned to her room to師回到房間去改練習(xí)本。 Correct the spelli ng.(2) adj.正確的;恰當(dāng)?shù)膃.g. correct pronuncia

2、tion 正確發(fā)音time ? 你的表走得準(zhǔn)嗎?3. advice(1)n.意思是“意見(jiàn),建議”, 為不可數(shù)名詞,可用some much, a piece of , pieces of 等修飾,不能說(shuō) an advice 或 many/a few advices(2) 表示“有關(guān),的建議”時(shí),用介詞 on,接名詞、式。e.g. Let s ask for his advice on what to do next.下一步該怎么辦。常見(jiàn)搭配:take/follow one議accept/refuse one議a pair of glovestwo pairs of兩個(gè)青少年正在看correct

3、exercise books. 老 糾正拼寫(xiě)。Do you have the correcto代詞或由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的不我們?nèi)フ髑笠幌滤囊庖?jiàn)s advice接受某人的建ask for advices advice 接受(拒絕)某人的建offer advice to sb.向某人提供建議征求意見(jiàn)拓展:advise vt .建議常見(jiàn)搭配:advise sb. to do sth.sth.advise that sb. (should) doe.g. My teacher advises me to leave now. 老師建議我現(xiàn)在就離開(kāi)。We advise measures (should )

4、be taken to stop pollution at once.我們建議立即采取措施以阻止污染。4. We should always speak English in class.我們應(yīng)該總是在課堂上說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。should 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,意思是“應(yīng)該”。通常用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的責(zé)任或義務(wù)should/shouldn t do sth.e.g. He should work harder.他應(yīng)該更加努力。You should help your mother with the housework.5.Let s try to speak English as much as possible

5、.英語(yǔ)。e.g. They are trying to study English well.他們正努力學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。I amtryi ng doingit in this way.我正試著用這種方法做。We should try/do our best to helpthe people in trouble.我們應(yīng)該盡最大努力幫助困境中的人們。(2)譯為“盡量”、“盡最大努力(可能)”,主要用于 as.as possible/o ne can。e.g. You should rest as much as possible . 你應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量多休息。I have helped you as muc

6、h as I can . Now it is up to you.我已盡我所能地幫助你了?,F(xiàn)在該看你自己了。6.Each time you will learn something new. I also advise you to talk about the films orsongs with your friends.每次你將會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)一些新東西。我也建議你和朋友們談?wù)撾娪盎蚋枨?。time 的用法:(1) time 側(cè)重指“時(shí)間”這一概念,或說(shuō)明“時(shí)間”的量, time 用作不可數(shù)名詞,前面可 much, little, a lot of, plenty of等修飾。e.g. This s

7、aves time and allows farmers to grow an extra crop in each season.這節(jié)省了時(shí)間,使農(nóng)民能夠在每個(gè)季節(jié)中多種點(diǎn)莊稼。(2)當(dāng)作“次數(shù);倍數(shù)”講時(shí),time 是可數(shù)名詞。e.g. I have been to Beijing threetimes . 我去過(guò)北京三次。(3)time 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ): at a time 一次, 每一次你們應(yīng)該幫媽媽做家務(wù)at one time 曾經(jīng),一度 at times/from time to time all the time 總是,一直 in time 及時(shí),遲早 on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)(4)ti

8、me 構(gòu)成的句型:1It s time for sb. to do sth./It s (high) time sb. did sth.該是某人干,的時(shí)間了。e.g. It s time for children to go to bed. 是小孩睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候 了。It s high time thatwe started.我們?cè)摮霭l(fā)了。2each time (每次),next time(下次),the first/last time(第一次 / 最后一次,的時(shí)候)等詞組引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g. The last time I went to Chin a, I visited Sha ng

9、hai.我上次至 U 中國(guó)時(shí),游覽了上海。14. I suggest you write four or five words a day on pieces of paper and place them in yourroom.我建議你一天把四個(gè)或者五個(gè)單詞寫(xiě)在紙上并且放在你的房間里。 suggest,做動(dòng)詞,表示“建議,提議”的意思,對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是 suggestion。頭。She suggested that the class meet ing(should) not be held on Saturday.她建議班會(huì)不要在星期六舉行。注意:當(dāng) suggest 表示“暗示,表明”的意思

10、,它后面接賓語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)用真實(shí) 的時(shí)態(tài),而不用“ should+動(dòng)詞原形”。e.g.他臉上的表情表明他很開(kāi)心。(x)The expression on his face suggested that he should be very happy.(V)The expression on his face suggested that he was very happyModule 2 My home tow n and my country1. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 120,000.它(僉 H有時(shí),偶爾橋)位

11、于康河河畔,人口約為 12 萬(wàn)。population n.意思是“人口,居民”,它是一個(gè)集體名詞,它的用法有時(shí)較為特 殊,所以很容易用錯(cuò)。1population 常與定冠詞 the 連用,作主語(yǔ)用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形 式。e.g. The world s populationis increasing faster and faster.全世界的人口增長(zhǎng)得越來(lái)越快。2當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. About seventy percent of thepopulationin China are farmers. 中國(guó)大約有百分之七十的人口

12、是農(nóng)民。3有時(shí) population 可用作可數(shù)名詞,其前可用不定冠詞。e.g. China has a population of about 1.3 billion. = There is a population of about 1.3 billion in Chi na.中國(guó)大約有十三億人口。4表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“ much或“ little ” ,而要用“ large ”或“small 0e.g. India has a large population. 印度人口眾多。Singaporehas a small population . 新加坡人口少。5詢(xún)問(wèn)某國(guó)、某地有

13、多少人口時(shí),不用“ How much. ?”,而用“ How large. ?”。在問(wèn)具體人口時(shí)用“ What. ?”。e.g.What is the populati on ofCan ada? = How large is the populati onof CanadO? 加拿大的人口有多少?The population of Can ada is about 29 millio n.加拿大的人口大約有二千九百萬(wàn)。2. It has a population of about seven and a halfmillion , so it isbigger and busier tha

14、n Cambridge.它(倫敦)大約有 750 萬(wàn)人口,所以比劍橋更大更繁忙。(1)million 是數(shù)詞,意思是“百萬(wàn)。它的用法如下:1當(dāng)與具體數(shù)字連用時(shí),習(xí)慣上用單數(shù),而且也不后接介詞of。e.g. three million people 三百萬(wàn)人He was prepared to pay two million . 他愿意支付 200 萬(wàn)。但是,后面的名詞有了 the, these, those等特指限定詞修飾時(shí),或其后的接的是us, them 這樣的人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí),則此時(shí)必須用介詞of。e.g. About three million of themhave left there.他

15、們當(dāng)中約有三百萬(wàn)人離開(kāi)了那兒。2當(dāng)不與具體數(shù)字連用,而是表示不確定的泛指數(shù)時(shí),則不僅要用復(fù)數(shù),而且要后 接介詞 of,然后才能接名詞。e.g. A careless mistake cost the companymillions ofpounds. 個(gè)粗心的錯(cuò)誤使公司蒙受數(shù)百鎊的損失。拓展:與 million 有相同用法的數(shù)詞還有:hundred (百),thousand (千),billio n(十億)。本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)形容詞的比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化及用法。(1)規(guī)則變化:類(lèi)別構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙 音節(jié)詞一般直接加-erlongtallIon gertaller不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾時(shí)加

16、-rlatelargelaterlarger輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾時(shí)把 y 變 i,再加-ereasyhappyeasierhappier重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個(gè)輔音字母 時(shí),雙與最后的輔音字母,再加-erbig hotbiggerhotter(2)形容詞比較級(jí)用法1表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞比較級(jí),最明顯的提示詞是than,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“ A,+比較級(jí) +tha n+B”。e.g. Li Lei s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房間比我的大。This moon cake is ni cer tha n that one.這塊月餅比那塊好吃。2有表示程度的副詞 a li

17、ttle , a bit ,a few, a lot ,much, even,still , far, rather ,any 等修飾時(shí),用形容詞比較級(jí)。e.g. I feel even worse now.我現(xiàn)在覺(jué)得更難受了。It is much coldertoday than before.今天比以前冷得多。3比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu),表示具體“大多少”,“小多少”,“長(zhǎng)多少”,“短多少”等。e.g. I am two years older than he.我比他大兩歲。This building is20 meters higher than that one.這棟樓

18、房比那棟高 20 米。4表示“兩者之間最,一個(gè)(of the two) ”時(shí),常用“ the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是雙胞胎中的高個(gè)子。5表示“越來(lái)越,”,用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu),即“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”,多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)用“ more and more+形容詞原級(jí)”。e.g. It s getting warmer and warmer in spring.春天天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。Our home tow n is beco ming more and more beautiful.我們的家鄉(xiāng)越來(lái)越漂亮了Mod

19、ule 3 Sports節(jié)課進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化(1)規(guī)則變化:類(lèi)別構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級(jí)前加morecarefulbeautifulmore carefulmorebeautiful在原級(jí)前加lessimporta ntusefulless important less useful2)不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)good/well (身體好 的)bettermany/muchmorebad/illworselittlelessfarfarther(較 遠(yuǎn))further(進(jìn)一步)oldolderelder(較年長(zhǎng)的)(3)形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)

20、用法1表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用比較級(jí),最明顯的提示詞是than,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“ A,+比較級(jí)+tha n+B”。e.g. The sun is bigger than the moon.太陽(yáng)比月亮更大。 This painting isn icer than that on e.這幅繪畫(huà)比那幅更漂亮。2有表示程度的副詞 a little , a bit ,a few, a lot ,much, even,still , far, rather ,any 等修飾時(shí),用比較級(jí)。e.g. I feel even better now.我現(xiàn)在覺(jué)得好多了。It is much cooler todaythan

21、before.今天比以前涼爽得多。3比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu),表示具體“大多少”,“小多 少”,“長(zhǎng)多少”,“短多少”等。e.g. This house is 10 meters higher than that one.這棟樓房比那棟高 10 米。4表示“兩者之間最,一個(gè)(of the two) ”時(shí),常用“ the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. Mary is the fatter of the twins. Mary是雙胞胎中較胖的。5表示“越來(lái)越,”,用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu),即“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”,多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)用“ more and more+形容詞原級(jí)”。e.g

22、. It s getting warmer and warmer in spring. Ourcity is beco ming more and more beautiful.6表示“越,就越,,”時(shí),用“ the+比較級(jí),e.g. The busier he is, the happier he feels.Module 4 Pla nes, ships and trains(1)規(guī)則變化:類(lèi)別構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)最咼級(jí)單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般直接加-estlong tallIon gesttallest不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾時(shí)加-stlate largelatest largest輔音子母加 y

23、結(jié)尾時(shí)把 y 變 i, 再加-esteasyhappyeasiesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個(gè)輔 音字母時(shí),雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母,再加-estbig hotbiggesthottest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在原級(jí)前加 mostcarefulbeautifulmost carefulmost beautiful在原級(jí)前加 leastimporta ntusefulleast important least useful(2)不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)最咼級(jí)good/well (身體好 的)best春天天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和我們的城市越來(lái)越漂亮了。the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。他越忙越高興。many/mu

24、chmostbad/illworstittleleastfarfarthest(更遠(yuǎn)的)furthest(最大程 度)oldoldesteldest(較年長(zhǎng)的)(3)形容詞最高比較級(jí)用法1表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用最高級(jí)形式。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞 the,句末常跟一個(gè) in/of 短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示范圍。(of 表示同范圍,in 表 示不同范圍)e.g. He is the strongest of the three boys.在三個(gè)男孩子中,他是最強(qiáng)壯的。Shan ghai is the biggest city in China.上海是中國(guó)最大的城市。2表示在三者或三者以上的

25、人或物進(jìn)行選擇時(shí),用“Which/Who is+the+最高級(jí),A,B or C ?” 結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g. Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Fuzhou? 明 E個(gè)城市最漂亮,北京,上海還是福州3表示“最,的,之一”時(shí),用“ one of the+形容詞最高級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu),該形容 詞后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g. Zhou Jiel un is one of the most popular sin gers.周杰倫是最受歡迎的歌星之一。4形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以加序數(shù)詞,表示“第幾最,”。e.g. The Changjiang

26、 River is the first longest river in China.長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)第一大長(zhǎng)河。5形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有物主代詞,指示代詞,名詞所有格等修飾,但此時(shí)不 能再用定冠詞 the。e.g. This is our last less on today.這是我們今天的最后一節(jié)課。6形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級(jí)含義。e.g. Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.=Li Lei is taller tha n any other stude nt in his class. 一個(gè)學(xué)生都高。=Li Lei is taller t

27、ha n the other stude nts in his class.有的學(xué)生都高。=Li Lei is taller tha n anyone else in his class.高。李雷是班上最高的學(xué)生。李雷比班上其他任何李雷比班上其他所李雷比班上其他任何人都Module 5 Lao She Teahouse1. offer(1) 做動(dòng)詞,意思是“提供;提議;提出”。常用的搭配:1offer sth.e.g. Many people willinglyoffered their blood.很多人自愿獻(xiàn)血。2offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.把某物給予某

28、人 e.g.The youngman offered the old man his own seat on the bus.=The young man offered his own seat to the old man on the bus.那個(gè)年輕人在公共汽車(chē)上將自己的座位讓給了那位老人。3offer to do sth.主動(dòng)提出做某事 e.g.She offered to lend me herbike.她提出將自行車(chē)借給我。(2) 做名詞,表示愿做某事或給予某物(后接 of/to do sth)。e.g.Thank you for your kind offer of help

29、ing me. = Thank you foryour kind offer to help me.謝謝你提供的幫助。2. Show show 做及物動(dòng)詞,意為“展示;顯示;給,看”,show 后可接雙賓語(yǔ)。1show sb. sth. 或 show sth. to sb.給某人看或者展示某物 e.g. Show meyour pen, please.=Show your pen to me, please.請(qǐng)讓我看一下你的鋼筆。Showyour tickets, please.請(qǐng)出示車(chē)票。注意:在“ show+、可接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,若直接賓語(yǔ)為指物的代詞 it 或them 時(shí),只能用

30、“ show it(them) to sb. ” 結(jié)構(gòu)。你有一支鋼筆,請(qǐng)給我看看。You have a new pen, please show it to me .VYou have a new pen, please show me it.x2意為“帶領(lǐng)”,常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) show sb. to,意為“帶某人去”;show sb.around,意為“帶某人參觀(guān)”。e.g.Please show me to your school.請(qǐng)帶我至 M 爾們學(xué)校去。Uncle Wang is going to show us around his farm.王叔叔將帶領(lǐng)我們參觀(guān)他的農(nóng)場(chǎng).3show+ t

31、hat 從句看出或者顯示說(shuō)明,e.g.Your homework shows that you are careful.從你的作業(yè)上可以看出你很認(rèn)真。此外,show 還可用作名詞,意為“展覽;陳列;演出”,常構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)on show,意為“陳列,展覽”。e.g.There is going to be a pictureshow in our school. 我們學(xué)校將舉辦一次畫(huà)展。His pictures areon show now.他的畫(huà)現(xiàn)在正在展覽。3. If you like the Beijing Opera, traditional music or magic shows, yo

32、u can enjoy them atthe teahouse.如果你喜歡京劇、傳統(tǒng)音樂(lè)和魔術(shù)表演,你可以在這家茶館里欣賞到它們。(1)這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。if 是連詞,意思是“如果;若”。主句是 you can enjoy them at the teahouse,從句是 you like theBeiji ng opera, traditi onal music or magic shows。思考:如何使用 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句呢?1在句中做條件狀語(yǔ)的從句是條件狀語(yǔ)從句,可以放在句首,也可以放在句末。常見(jiàn)的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示在某條件下,某事很可能發(fā)生。緊跟在 i

33、f 后面的句子 是從句。e.g. If you ask him ,he will help you . 如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙,他會(huì)幫你的。If you fail in the exam ,you will let him down. 如果你考試不及格,你會(huì)讓他失望的。2另外,if 從句還表示不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛 擬的條件或假設(shè)。從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí),表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的一種假 設(shè)。e.g. If I were you , I would invite him to the party. 女口果我是你,我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他參加聚會(huì)。學(xué)習(xí)小竅門(mén):if 條件句放在前,逗號(hào)要放句

34、中間;條件句表可能,主句多用將來(lái)時(shí);條件句表事實(shí),主句常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3if :當(dāng)“是否”講時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。e.g. I don t know if he will befree tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否有空。注意:if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果主句使用的是一般將來(lái)時(shí),或含有情態(tài)動(dòng) 詞的句子或祈使句,從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn)/主祈從現(xiàn)/主情從現(xiàn))。e.g. If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the zoo.女口果明天下雨的話(huà),我們將不去動(dòng)物園。If he comes, let me know.如果他來(lái),讓我知道。(從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

35、,主句是祈使句)難點(diǎn)知識(shí)講解:動(dòng)詞不定式(I )(1)動(dòng)詞不定式的含義生活中我們常遇到“我努力去理解”、“決定留下來(lái)”等表達(dá)方式,其中連續(xù) 出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,這種情況下英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該如何表達(dá)呢?首先請(qǐng)看下面的例句:We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我們決定留下來(lái)喝杯茶。I tried to un dersta nd the words.我努力理解這些話(huà)。I want to go to the teahouse. 我想去茶館。 這三個(gè)句子中使用了 decide to do sth. ,wantto do sth. , try to do sth. 的表達(dá)方式,即行為

36、動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞都采用了“ to+ 動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們把這種 結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為動(dòng)詞不定式。其否定形式是“ not to do ”。 (2)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的用法 動(dòng)詞不定式置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后,作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),表明意圖、希望或決定的內(nèi) 容。在英語(yǔ)中,并不是所有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)都采用“動(dòng)詞 +不定式”的形式,一般說(shuō) 來(lái),用不定式時(shí),所表示的多為將來(lái)的行為。但是在具體使用中同學(xué)們還要注意記 憶,因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不同,其后動(dòng)詞形式的要求也就不同。常見(jiàn)的后面接“ to 十動(dòng)詞原形”作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer,try, like, love等??谠E(接不定式作

37、賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞) 想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算( want learn plan )快準(zhǔn)備 有希望( prepare hope wish expect )同意否 供選擇( agree offer choose ) 決定了 已答應(yīng)( decide determine promise )盡力去 著手做( manage undertake )別拒絕 別假裝( refuse pretend ) 失敗不是屬于你( fail )e.g. Tom refused to lend me his pen.湯姆拒絕把他的鋼筆借給我。We hope to get there before dark.我們希望在天黑之前到達(dá)那兒。Th

38、e girl decided to do it herself.這個(gè)女孩決定自己做。注意: 某些及物動(dòng)詞可用 -ing 也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ),但意義不同的有:Hfsfrig曲咸 何 口1耐tuI* m越4肝砂解界IM柯,Module 6 Ani mals in dan ger1.形容詞變成副詞的規(guī)律。一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly 可以變成副詞。 例如: quick quickly, slow slowly, loud loudly,sudden suddenly 等。特殊情況:構(gòu)成方法例子一些以輔音子母+y 結(jié)尾的形容詞,要把 y 改為 i 再加-ly。happy happily,angry

39、an grily有些以-ble 或-le 結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉 e 加-y。possible possibly terrible terribly少數(shù)以 e 結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉 e 再加-ly。 但絕大多數(shù)以 e 結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly。true truly polite politely wide widely以-l 結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)仍然要在詞尾加-ly,而不是只加-/。除非是以-ll 結(jié)尾的才在詞尾只加-y。careful carefully useful usefully full fully溫馨提示:副詞修飾行為動(dòng)詞這一點(diǎn)。如:He is very_ (careful).H

40、e does everyth ing_ (carefully)第一句中是作表語(yǔ),用形容詞 careful ;第二句中修飾行為動(dòng)詞 does 用副詞 carefully 。??嫉男稳菰~和副詞辨析有:hard 努力-hardly 幾乎不;late 遲的,晚的一lately 近來(lái);deep 深-deeply 深深地;near 靠近- nearly 差不多;wide 寬- widely 廣泛地;high 高的- highly 高度地;close 靠近的-closely 密切地;free 免費(fèi)的-freely 自由地。典例剖析:Tom studiesbut his sisterstudies.A. ha

41、rd,hardB.hardly ,hardlyC. hard,hardlyD. hardly , hard答案:C解題技巧:此題第一個(gè)陷阱是 hard 和 hardly 的區(qū)別, 通常我們會(huì)認(rèn)為 hard 的副詞是 hardly,事實(shí)上 hard 既是 adj.又是 adv.,而 hardly 是另外一個(gè) adv.,中文 是“幾乎不,”。 hard作為 adv.時(shí),通常在修飾的動(dòng)詞之后,而 hardly 通常在 動(dòng)詞之前,譯這句中文“ Tom 學(xué)習(xí)努力,而他的妹妹則幾乎不學(xué)習(xí)?!蓖痹~意 義有別的。4. -ing 形容詞和-ed 形容詞的區(qū)別。-ing 形容詞-ed 形容詞例句nterest

42、ing有趣的n terested感興趣的I have an in teresti ng book. He isin terested in scie nee.excit ing令人興奮的excited 感到興奮的Have you heard of the excit ing news ?We are excited about thetraveli ng.moving 令 人感動(dòng) 的moved 受感動(dòng)的Titanic is a moving film.We are moved by Hong Zhan huideeply.表示主動(dòng)意乂, 多 指事物對(duì)人的影 響,一般修飾事 物。表示被動(dòng)意乂,多

43、扌曰人對(duì)事物的感受,主語(yǔ) 般是人,常用于“ sb.+ -ed 形容詞+介詞”結(jié) 構(gòu)。We are all in terested in theinteresting story.5復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式。(1)不定式的基本形式是“ to +動(dòng)詞原形”,或省略 to 用動(dòng)詞原形。在句中使用 時(shí)不能作謂語(yǔ),但可以和自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。e.g. The mother wants herto read English every day.母親要她的兒子每天讀英語(yǔ)。My mother asked me not to read in bed.我的母親要求我不要躺在床上看書(shū)。(2)不定式的句法作用:動(dòng)詞

44、不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,它可以作賓語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)(want to do sth.e.g. He wants to go out with her. 他想和她一起出去。 意為“想要做某事”)注意:a. 一些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞是表示命令、打算或希望,如: would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。e.g. Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看電影嗎?b. 在 find, think后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),常用 it 代替,而將真正的賓語(yǔ)

45、放在句末。e.g. I find it easy to read English every day.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語(yǔ)很簡(jiǎn)單。 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),它與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。e.g. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露絲要他關(guān)小收音機(jī)。(他關(guān)小收音機(jī))注意:動(dòng)詞不定式在使役動(dòng)詞 make, let 和感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, hear, feel 等 詞后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),常省去不定式符號(hào) to。had better, would rather后的不定式也不帶 to, help 后的不定式可帶 to,也可不帶 to。e.g. Her

46、mother makes her do homework every evening.她母親要她每天晚上都寫(xiě)作業(yè)。Let s see the dolphins.我們?nèi)タ春k喟?。I hear her sing every day.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她每天都唱歌。You d better do homework first.你最好先做作業(yè)。但 make, see, hear 等詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,其后的不定式要帶to。e.g. She was heard to speakEnglish. 有人聽(tīng)到她說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。作目的狀語(yǔ),表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的目的,常常翻譯成“為了 ”。它可置 于句首或者句末。為了使目的意義更加清楚或

47、表示強(qiáng)調(diào)意義時(shí),還可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。e.g. Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王女士去上??赐呐畠?。To arrive in time , we ll start early.為了及時(shí)到達(dá),我們將早出發(fā)。We should work hard in order to pass the exam.=We should work hard so as to pass the exam.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)以便我們能通過(guò)考試。注意:不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。e.g. They told

48、 us not to play basketball too Iong.他們告訴我們不要打太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的籃球。You d better not go to bed late.你最好不要睡覺(jué)太晚。M7 A famous story1. a girl called Alice.此處 called 為過(guò)去分詞,修飾 girl,放在名詞之后。相當(dāng)于 named.2. falldown 跌倒,掉下fall behind 跟不上,落在, 后面fall into 落入,中fall off 從, 上掉下來(lái) fall back 退回 fall asleep 入 睡 fall ill生病Eg : She fell d

49、own and hurt her leg yesterday.Leaves fall off the trees in fall.They felt tired and fell asleep quickly.3. It was sitt ing in a tree and smili ng at every one. in a tree (外來(lái)物或人)在樹(shù)上on a tree (樹(shù)上本身有的東西:apple 等)在樹(shù)上Eg : There is a bird in the tree.There are a lot of apples on the tree. smile at sb 對(duì) sb

50、 微笑Eg:Lucy is very kind and always smiles at others.4. “到達(dá)”的表達(dá):arrive in+ 大地點(diǎn) get to + 地點(diǎn) at+ 小地點(diǎn) (get hometherehere)5. have a tea party 舉辦茶會(huì)6. To see if you remember the story. To see 為不定式,在此處作目的狀語(yǔ),表示“為了看看” If 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,表示“是否”,不充當(dāng)任何成分,與 whether 可以互換7. have nothing to do 沒(méi)什么事可做 nothingsomething to

51、eatdrink nothing 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)8. once or twice=from time to time偶爾Eg :Once or twice he goes to school on foot.once 一次 twice 兩次 三次及以上:數(shù)詞 +times three times sixtimes9. what,for?=why,?為什么? ;, 有什么用Eg :(1) -What are you sitting on the eggs for? sitting onthem to hatch the chicks.(2) -Why are you late

52、again?an accident on the road.13.across 表示動(dòng)作是在物體的表面進(jìn)行,如過(guò)河,過(guò)橋,過(guò)馬路。10. nothing strange 沒(méi)什么奇怪的事形容詞 strange 作后置定語(yǔ),修飾不定代詞 nothing 不定代詞 somethinganythingnothingeverything 詞后面,作后置定語(yǔ)。Eg:I have something important to do. strange appearedin the sky. 11. hear sb do sth聽(tīng)到 sb 做 sth( 此處是省略足語(yǔ),類(lèi)似的有 makelethavehelp

53、sb do sth等)hear sb doing sth 聽(tīng)到 sb 正在做 sthEg : I heard her play the piano in now.I hearsomeone singing in the room.12.take sth out of sp 把 sth 從 sp 掏出 sp 從 sp 沖跳出去o等時(shí),to在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)形容修飾形容詞必須放在不定代There is something的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)the next room justrushjump out ofreach + 地點(diǎn)I ,- Im-Because there isthrough 表示動(dòng)作是在物體

54、的內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行,如穿過(guò)森林、門(mén)、隧道,光 線(xiàn)射入等Eg : Be careful to look both ways before you go across the road. The drivermust slow down when they drive through the tunnel.14. too,to,太, 而不能,Eg:He is too young to carrythe heavy bag.拓展: (1) too,to, 可以和 so,that, 互換 Eg: She is too young to goto school.young that she can t go

55、 to school.(2) too,to, 可以和容詞與 too 后的形容詞是相反的 )Eg :She is too young to go to school. old enough to go toschool.15. land on 落到, 上;著陸Eg :The plane will land on theisland in five minutes.16. 賓語(yǔ)從句:(1) 定義:在主從復(fù)合句中,充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分的從句就叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。(2) 位置:常在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。(3)引導(dǎo)詞: that 無(wú)意義,不充當(dāng)任何成分,??梢允÷裕?ifwhether 表示“是否”,不充當(dāng)任何成分,兩

56、者可以互換,但有 or not 時(shí)只能用 whether ; whowhatwherewhenwhy 等表示“誰(shuí)”、“什么”、“哪里”、 “何時(shí)”、“為什么”,分別可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)和原因狀語(yǔ),不可以省略。(4)語(yǔ)序:陳述句語(yǔ)序,即 “主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”(5)時(shí)態(tài): 當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可以使用任何時(shí)態(tài); 當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句可以使用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài) (一般過(guò) 去時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)等 );=She is so=She is notnot,enough to, 互換 (not 后的形當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句表示一種客觀(guān)真理、事實(shí)時(shí),用一 般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Eg:I k

57、now (that) you met him yesterday.He asked if I would come.I don t understand what you say.He said there were no classes yesterday after noon. The teacher said thatlight travels faster than sound.M8 Accide nts1. on the phone通過(guò)電話(huà)通話(huà)(on 表示“通過(guò)”)2. look pale看起來(lái)很蒼白此處 look 作為半系動(dòng)詞,后跟 adj.常見(jiàn)的半系動(dòng)詞有 tastesmells

58、oundfeel.Eg : The music sounds good.The food tastesdelicious.The sofa feels comfortable.3.listen聽(tīng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的過(guò)程,后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)需加 to,即 listen to,)hear 聽(tīng)到(強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)到的結(jié)果,后接 do 或 doing)Eg : We should listen to the teachers carefully.Ihear some one si ngi ng in the n ext room.(我聽(tīng)到有人正在隔壁房間唱歌 )I hear some one si ng in the n ext

59、 room.(我聽(tīng)至 U 有人在隔壁房間唱歌)4.appear(v.)出現(xiàn)appeara nce(n.)sudde nly disappeared in front of us.5. hit 撞擊; 打 Eg : The bus hits the bridge.the head.此外,hit 還可以作名詞,表示Eg : His song made a hit.6. be glad to do sth很高興去做 sth7.in time及時(shí)hope you can come back in time.on time.8. fall off=fall down from從,摔下來(lái)你睡 fall i

60、nto 掉入 fall in love with sb behind 落在,后面9. the risk of,的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)side by side 肩并肩attentionto 注意,(to 是一個(gè)介詞,后接名詞或 doingEg : We should pay more attention to developing economy.disappear.)消失 Eg: HeHe hits me on“轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的成功”Eg : I am glad to see you again. ontime 準(zhǔn)時(shí),按時(shí) Eg: I Please hand inyour homeworkfall asleep 入

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