第十六章 國際商事合同責(zé)任以及免責(zé)條款翻譯(課堂講練)

1、第十六章 國際商事合同責(zé)任以及免責(zé)條款翻譯（課堂講練）教學(xué)目標(biāo)：掌握有關(guān)國際商事合同責(zé)任以及免責(zé)條款的翻譯方法。課堂教學(xué)概述在國際商事合同通過違約以及侵權(quán)條款，就違約或侵權(quán)情形進(jìn)行約定后，需要進(jìn)一步約定發(fā)生違約或侵權(quán)情形以后，違約方承擔(dān)責(zé)任的具體形式與范圍，同時(shí)，雙方也可能就免責(zé)事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行約定，一旦出現(xiàn)免責(zé)條款規(guī)定的情形或條件，即可排除或者限制一方當(dāng)事人全部或者部分的合同責(zé)任，這實(shí)際上約束了合同他方當(dāng)事人要求該方履行合同義務(wù)的權(quán)利。課堂講練例1、Each Party hereby agrees to indemnify, hold harmless the other Party against

2、 any claims, suits, losses, or costs arising out of any actual or alleged breach or failure to comply with any provisions hereof.參考譯文：合同各方在此同意，如一方實(shí)際違約或被指控違約或未遵守本合同任何規(guī)定，引起任何索賠、訴訟、損失，應(yīng)由該方賠償另一方，使其免受損害。常用表達(dá)方式：（1）、”indemnify someone against/from”: “promise to pay someone an amount of money if he suffers

3、any loss“，是指“保證賠償某方可能受到的損失或傷害“。如：The Party in breach shall indemnify the innocent Party against/from any losses or disbursement(“expense”) the innocent Party may incur arising out of the breach.（2）、” indemnify someone for”, “to pay someone an amount of money because of the damage or loss that party

4、has suffered”,是指“賠償某方已受到的損失或傷害，為某方受到的損失或傷害做出賠償“。如：The infringer shall indemnify the holder of patent right for the losses incurred by the right holder arising out of the acts of infringement on the patent.（3）、”indemnify and hold harmless someone against/from ”: 兩者經(jīng)常連用，與”indemnify someone against/fro

5、m”意義相同，所以在漢譯英時(shí)，可以省去”hold harmless”，但英譯漢時(shí)，可譯為“使不受或免受損失或損害“。例2、Party A hereby indemnifies, hold harmless and defend Party B against any claims, losses, expenses, costs or damages asserted against Party B by any third party in case that the know-how delivered in the form of drawings, data or documents

6、infringes on the right of trade secret or patent of that third party; provided that Party B shall (a) immediately notify Party A of said assertions as they come to its awareness;(b) authorize Party A to conduct the defense of said claims; and (c) follow Party As instruction to cease use of the know-

7、how, which, by Party As judgment, is likely to constitute an infringement on that third partys right of trade secret or patent.參考譯文：甲方在此表示，如其以圖紙、數(shù)據(jù)或文件形式交付的專有技術(shù)侵犯了第三方商業(yè)秘密權(quán)利或?qū)＠麢?quán)，導(dǎo)致第三方向乙方提出索賠，要求賠償損失、開支或損害賠償金，甲方應(yīng)賠償乙方，使其免受損失并為其答辯，但乙方應(yīng)（1）、在獲悉前述主張時(shí)立即通知甲方；（2）、授權(quán)甲方進(jìn)行針就前述索賠進(jìn)行的答辯；（3）、遵照甲方指示，停止使用經(jīng)甲方判斷有可能侵犯該第三方商

8、業(yè)秘密權(quán)或?qū)＠麢?quán)的專有技術(shù)。詞語辨析：“infringement”and “tort”“infringement”，通常表示對“知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的侵權(quán)行為“，如”patent infringement”,” copyright infringement”, “trademark infringement”, ” infringement of/ on intellectual property”,被侵權(quán)人（infringee）可以向侵權(quán)人（infringer）提起侵權(quán)之訴（infringement litigation/action）。如：Party A filed an action against

9、 Party B in respect of Party Bs infringement of patent right of utility models.“tort”, 泛指侵權(quán)（行為），指“私法上對人身、人格或財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利的侵犯” （a wrongful act or omission for which damages can be obtained in a civil court by the person wronged）。The law of tort provides protection for interests such as reputation, personal fr

10、eedom, title to property, commercial interests and so on. 其針對的對象如：” tort against property”, “tort against reputation”, “tort against personal freedom”,” tort against the person”,對此，可以針對侵權(quán)行為人（tortfeasor）提起侵權(quán)之訴（tort action），其類型大致有：”tort of negligence”（過失侵權(quán)）, “tort of intention”（故意侵權(quán)）等。如：The woman file

11、d an action against the tort affecting her reputation resulting from the defamation committed by her colleague.例3、除非法庭另做判決或發(fā)出命令，你方應(yīng)在我方提出要求時(shí)，就你方未履行任何本信貸協(xié)議下義務(wù)而產(chǎn)生由我方承擔(dān)的損失、費(fèi)用（包括但不限于法律費(fèi)用）、開支或責(zé)任，向我方做出賠償，使我方免受損失。參考譯文：You shall, upon demand by us, indemnify us against any losses, fees (including but not lim

12、ited to legal fees), expenses or liabilities sustained by us as a consequence of the occurrence of any non-performance by you of any of your obligations under the Credit Documents, unless otherwise judged or ordered by the court.例4、Each Party hereto release and discharge the other Party from all cla

13、ims, allegations, actions and demands arising out of the Claim asserted by a third party and existing in the term of this Agreement, including but without limitation to any liability for legal costs arising out of the subject matter under the Claim.參考譯文：合同雙方免除和解除另一方因第三方該主張引起，并在本協(xié)議存續(xù)期間產(chǎn)生的全部索賠、指控、訴訟和要

14、求而應(yīng)承擔(dān)的責(zé)任，包括但不限于承擔(dān)因該主張涉及的標(biāo)的引起的法律費(fèi)用責(zé)任。常用表達(dá)方式：“release and discharge the other Party from”, 表示”免除某方的責(zé)任/義務(wù)“。如：Party A hereby release and discharge Party B from any costs, charges, damages, losses incurred by Party A arising from the breach of this Sales Contract by Party B.例5、Party B hereby agrees that

15、Party A or its employees shall not be liable to Party B for any actions, damages, claims, liabilities or losses arising out of the services performed under this Agreement for an aggregate amount exceeding the Service Fees paid by Party B to Party A for the services provided by Party A.參考譯文：乙方在此同意，甲方

16、或其雇員對因履行本協(xié)議項(xiàng)下的服務(wù)而引起的任何訴訟、產(chǎn)生的任何損害賠償金、提起的任何索賠、應(yīng)承擔(dān)的任何賠償責(zé)任或損失的累計(jì)額，不應(yīng)超出乙方為甲方提供服務(wù)而向其支付的服務(wù)費(fèi)用總額。翻譯練習(xí)：英譯漢：1、Any waiver made or any indulgence granted by us to you of any breach of the Credit Agreement shall not affect all or any of our rights, powers and remedies under this Agreement which may be exercised b

17、y us at any time thereafter, as though no such waiver had been made or indulgence has been granted.參考譯文：我方對你方違反本信貸協(xié)議的任何行為給予的任何寬容或做出的任何權(quán)利放棄并不影響我方在以后任何時(shí)候依據(jù)本協(xié)議行使全部或任何權(quán)利、權(quán)力或救濟(jì)措施，如同此棄權(quán)從未做出或此寬容從未給予一樣。2、In consideration of our making available the Facility set forth herein, you shall indemnify us in respec

18、t of all claims, liabilities, losses, reasonable expenses and all other reasonable monies of whatever nature which we may incur in any way as a consequence of our making available any such Facility, and to pay to us all sums which may be claimed from us together with interest thereon calculated from the date on which we paid or incurred the relevant sum or other reasonable costs.參考譯文：作為我方為你方提供本協(xié)議項(xiàng)下貸款的對價(jià)，對于我方為提供貸款而承擔(dān)的全部索賠、責(zé)任、損失、合理開支和其他任何性質(zhì)的合理費(fèi)用，你方應(yīng)賠償我方，并向我方支付所有可由我方主張的款額，包括從我方支付或承擔(dān)前述有關(guān)費(fèi)用之日起計(jì)算的利息以及其他費(fèi)用在內(nèi)。漢譯英：1、被許可方同意，對于因被許可方制造或銷售許可產(chǎn)品不當(dāng)而引起的、針對許可