第二部分第十一講特殊句式和主謂一致

1、第十一講特殊句式和主謂一致一、倒裝種 類倒裝條件例句全部倒裝(1)表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主語是名詞時。Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.溫馨提示上述情況中，若主語是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。Away they went.(2)代詞such放在句首，且在句中作表語時。Such are the facts；no one can deny them.(3)為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)

2、或使上下文銜接緊密，常將作表語的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語提到句首，引起全部倒裝。Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture.部分倒裝(1)only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，且放在句首時。(2013·高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.Only then did I know the importa

3、nce of learning.(2)含有否定意義的副詞或詞組(never，seldom, little, hardly, by no means, not until等)位于句首時。Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.部分倒裝(3)hardly. when, no sooner. than, not only. but(also).等引導(dǎo)兩個分句時，若hardly, no sooner, not only位于句首，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變。Hardly had I reac

4、hed the bus stop when the bus started.Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm.(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意為“也”或“也不”，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一個人或事物時。He is a doctor.So is his wife.Lily cant ride，neither/nor can Lucy.(5)so/such.that.句型中，當(dāng)suchn.或soadj./adv.位于句首時，主句部分倒裝，that從句不倒裝。So small was the market that I

5、could hardly see it.So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.(6)though/as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，意為“盡管”，通常把句中狀語、表語或動詞提前；若表語是名詞，其前不用冠詞。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：狀語/表語/動詞though/as主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。Try as he would, he might fail again.Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(7)當(dāng)if引

6、導(dǎo)的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were或should等時，如將if省略，則要將had, were或should等移到主語之前。Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim.1(2014·高考陜西卷)No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.Ahad Mo YanBMo Yan hadChas Mo YanDMo Yan has解析：選A。考查倒裝句以及時態(tài)。句意：莫言一登上舞臺，觀眾就發(fā)出了雷鳴般的掌聲。no s

7、ooner.than.“一就”是一個固定搭配，而且主句通常用過去完成時態(tài)；no sooner置于句首時，其后用部分倒裝，所以選擇A項。2(2014·高考大綱全國卷)_ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.ANot do onlyBDo not onlyCOnly not doDNot only do解析：選D。考查倒裝句。句意：護士們不僅要求提高工資，還要求縮短工作時間。not only在句首引起句子時，該句用部分倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為not only do/will/can etc.，因此D項正確。3

8、(2014·高考湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others.Awill you keepByou will keepCyou keptDdid you keep解析：選A。考查倒裝句。句意：唯有找到內(nèi)心的寧靜，方能維持人際關(guān)系的和諧。“only副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”置于句首時，句子(主句)要用部分倒裝語序。本題中，時間狀語從句when you can find peace in your heart 被only修飾，且置于句首，故主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。二、強調(diào)句強調(diào)句(

9、1)It is/was.that/who可以對除謂語以外的成分進行強調(diào)。當(dāng)強調(diào)部分為“人”時，可用that或who，其他情況下用that。(2014·高考湖南卷)Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.(2)一般疑問句：Is/Wasit.that/who.？特殊疑問句：疑問詞is/wasitthat/who.？The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he i

10、s today?Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？(3)“not.until.”句型的強調(diào)句：It is /was not until.that.(2013·高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.強調(diào)謂語動詞do/does/did動詞原形(只用于肯定句，并且只有現(xiàn)在時和過去時)I do hope you can take my plan

11、into consideration.He did write to you last night.1(2014·高考四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school_ Mr. Smith got angry?AwhyBwhoCwhereDthat解析：選D。考查強調(diào)句型。強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/ was被強調(diào)部分that剩余部分。強調(diào)句的判斷方法是將It is/was與that去掉，看剩余句子成分是否完整。經(jīng)判斷，“Because Jack came late for school，Mr. Smith got angry.”句子成分完整，

12、因此可以斷定本句是強調(diào)句，空格處應(yīng)用that。另外，由“Was it.？”可知本句為強調(diào)句型的一般疑問形式。2(2014·高考福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，_made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.AwhereBwhyCthatDwhat解析：選C?？疾閺娬{(diào)句型。句意：是文化而不是語言使他很難適應(yīng)國外的新環(huán)境。該題強調(diào)主語the culture，其中rather than the language為插入語，是迷惑部分，所以空格處應(yīng)用that

13、。掃一掃進入91導(dǎo)學(xué)網(wǎng)()強調(diào)句型第1講三、省略狀語從句當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be動詞。(2015·蕪湖一中高三模擬)Every day after I went home, if not tired from work, I will go out for a walk with my wife.(2013·高考天津卷)Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.賓語從句“替代性”省略：not與be

14、afraid, hope, think, believe, suppose, expect等連用，代替否定的賓語從句，so代替肯定的賓語從句，但表示否定意義時，hope與be afraid只用I hope/am afraid not的形式，而think, believe, suppose等有兩種形式，即：I think/believe/suppose not和I dont think/believe/suppose so。Do you think it will rain？I hope not/so.Do they mind you smoking there？I dont think so/

15、I think not.動詞不定式不定式符號to的省略(1)感官動詞或使役動詞(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, let, make, have等)后接不定式作賓語補足語時省略to，但在被動語態(tài)中不能省略(let除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.(2)在do nothing but do, cant help but do, why not do, would rather do. than do.，pref

16、er to do. rather than do.等句型中省略to。I would prefer to swim rather than play football.不定式的省略(1)使用不定式符號to來代替不定式后被省略的動詞，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like，love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want，wish等的后邊。I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.(2)在某些形容詞如glad，happy，pleased，delig

17、hted等后面使用不定式符號to來代替省略的動詞。Will you join in the game？Id be glad to.(3)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be, have和have been。Are you a sailor？No, but I used to be.1(2014·高考湖南卷)Children，when_by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.Ato be accompaniedBto accompanyCaccompanyingDaccompanied解析：選D?？?/p>

18、查省略。when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，邏輯主語是題干的主語children，把該時間狀語從句補充完整為when children are accompanied by their parents。根據(jù)狀語從句省略的條件，可以省去主語和系動詞，故選D。2(2013·高考新課標(biāo)全國卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _.Anot to doBnot toCnot doDdo not解析：選B?？疾閯釉~不定式符號to的保留、不定式符號to后面的省略以及不定式的否定形式

19、。句意：那個司機想把他的小汽車停在路邊，但是警察讓他不要把車停在路邊。通過分析題干，再結(jié)合句意可知，動詞不定式符號to后面省略了“park his car near the roadside”，全句補充完整是“The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.”。在此種用法中可以只在句中保留不定式符號to，從而把與前面重復(fù)的內(nèi)容省略；動詞不定式的否定形式是直接在不定式符號to的前面加上否定副詞not/never

20、，故答案選B項。四、其他句式1祈使句的固定句式(1) 祈使句and簡單句，可譯為“如果就”。(2) 祈使句or/otherwise簡單句，可譯為“否則”。(3) 名詞詞組(多含有more，another)and簡單句，可譯為“如果再就”。(2014·高考大綱全國卷)Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.明天給我打電話，我會讓你知道實驗結(jié)果的。2感嘆句的固定句式(1) Whata/an形容詞單數(shù)名詞主語謂語！How形容詞a/an單詞名詞主語謂語！(2)What(形容詞)不可數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)名詞主語謂語！ (3) How形容

21、詞/副詞主語謂語！ (4) How主語謂語！The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 這個驚人的消息使我意識到我們將面臨多么嚴重的問題。3反意疑問句(1)祈使句的反意疑問句肯定的祈使句，簡短問句用will you/wont you。否定的祈使句，簡短問句用will you。Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?(2)主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問句，與主句的主謂語保持一致。但當(dāng)陳述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加從句時，疑問句應(yīng)和從句的

22、人稱時態(tài)保持一致。There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there?毫無疑問，你認為他是無辜的。難道不是嗎？溫馨提示當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式，反意疑問部分為肯定式時，其回答往往與漢語不一致，要特別注意！Tom doesnt know it，does he?湯姆不知道這事，對吧？No，he doesnt./Yes，he does.對，他不知道。/不，他知道。(2014·高考重慶卷)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited t

23、he British Museum during your stay，_ you?AmustntBhaventCdidntDhadnt解析：選C?？疾榉匆庖蓡柧?。句意：去年夏天，我在倫敦度過了兩個星期。那么，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國博物館，是不是？must have done結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表示對過去事情的推測，當(dāng)句末有反意疑問的語氣時，可分為兩種情況： (1)句中沒有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“havent/hasnt.”；(2)句中有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“didnt.？”。根據(jù)題干中的過去時間狀語last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑

24、問句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用第二種情況。五、主謂一致含all，most，half，rest等的名詞詞組作主語，所指的內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；反之，用單數(shù)。All of my classmates work hard.All of the water is up now.在主謂倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。Between the two windows hangs a picture.用and或both.and連接并列主語，其內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)的，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。若and連接的兩個單數(shù)主語指同一人、同一物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The teacher and writer has alrea

25、dy come to the meeting.Both my brother and my sister are workers.主語后面接連接性短語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與主語的數(shù)保持一致。此類連接性短語有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.She，like you and Betty，is very

26、 clever.以or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also.等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與就近的名詞或代詞一致。Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Are not only you but also he wrong？lots of，plenty of，a great/large number of等以及分數(shù)、百分數(shù)表示“許多”，后接可數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(large) quantities of修飾可數(shù)名

27、詞或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)；a(large)quantity of作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于后面的名詞。There are large quantities of food in the shop.A number of students like English very much.the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞，the amount of不可數(shù)名詞等構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The amount of money spent on the project is great.many a名詞單數(shù)，more than one名詞單數(shù)，“no/each/e

28、very/many a名詞單數(shù)andno/each/every/many a名詞單數(shù)”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. More than one question was raised.當(dāng)其他名詞性從句或動名詞短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。What he said leaves much for us to think about.1(2014·高考湖南卷)All we need _a small pie

29、ce of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.AareBwasCisDwere解析：選C。考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。句意：我們所需要的就是一小塊地而已，在那里我們可以在整個作物生長期內(nèi)栽種各種各樣的果樹。當(dāng)all，all of，half of，the rest of，most of及“百分數(shù)或分數(shù)of”等后接名詞作主語時，句子謂語動詞形式根據(jù)其后的名詞而定。而根據(jù)句中的All we need可知，這里說的是現(xiàn)在的事實，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。2(20

30、13·高考江蘇卷)Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others_essential to their development.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere解析：選A。句意：一般說來，別人對其期望值高的學(xué)生，他們的內(nèi)在動機對自身的發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主語部分為students inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心詞inner motivation顯然為第三人稱單數(shù)。再根據(jù)generally

31、(一般說來)判斷該句話講的是通常情況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。解答該類題目的關(guān)鍵在于找準(zhǔn)中心詞。1(2015·合肥質(zhì)量檢測)_you got Wang Fengs autograph photo?Didnt you know I went to his live concert？See？Easy!AHow it wasBWhen it was thatCHow was it thatDWhen was it解析：選C?？疾閺娬{(diào)句型的特殊疑問句。句意：你怎么會有汪峰親筆簽名的照片的？難道你不知道我去他的現(xiàn)場演唱會了嗎？看到了嗎？很簡單！根據(jù)答句可知，此處解釋了答話人是如何擁有汪峰親筆簽名的照

32、片的，故用引導(dǎo)詞how。結(jié)合句中的時態(tài)可知應(yīng)用一般過去時。由強調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式“特殊疑問詞is/wasitthat從句”可知，C項正確。2(2015·安徽合肥名校實驗部高三模擬)It was not the word you said_angered Mr. Zhang，but _ you said it.Athat；howBwhich；whatCthat；thatDwhich；why解析：選A?？疾閺娬{(diào)句和名詞性從句。句意：不是你說的話激怒了張老師，而是你說話的方式(激怒了他)。第一空填“that”，與It was構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型；第二空填how，how表方式，在此引導(dǎo)名詞性從句

33、。3(2015·湖南部分重點中學(xué)聯(lián)考)When we_a mistake，we must correct it fully，openly，and as quickly as possible.Ado makeBdont makeCmakingDnot making解析：選A?？疾閺娬{(diào)句。句意：當(dāng)我們的確犯錯誤時，我們必須盡快地、公開地并完全地改正它。在謂語動詞前面加一個助動詞do，表示強調(diào)。4(2015·湖南湘潭模擬)Only after the teacher explained it to me a second time _ the question.AI did u

34、nderstandBdid I understandCI had understoodDhad I understood解析：選B?？疾榈寡b句。句意：只有在老師向我再次解釋以后我才明白這個問題。“only狀語”位于句首時，句子要用部分倒裝，且根據(jù)explained可知，用一般過去時，故選B項。5To my great surprise，there at the door_trembling in wet clothes.Astood a girlBa girl stoodCdid a girl standDhad a girl stood解析：選A。考查倒裝句。句意：讓我很吃驚的是，門口站著一

35、個正在顫抖的女孩，衣服濕透了。介詞短語置于句首，且句子主語為名詞時，句子要用全部倒裝，即“介詞短語謂語主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A項。6(2015·天津六校聯(lián)考)_，they couldnt make her change her mind.AHard as they triedBTried hard as theyCAs they tried hardDThey tried as hard解析：選A?？疾榈寡b句。句意：盡管他們盡力了，但他們還是沒能讓她改變主意。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時可以把狀語或者表語放于句子的前面，采用部分倒裝的形式，故選A項。7(2015·浙江金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考)

36、The director was fully convinced that this moving story，if_for television，would be a hit.AadaptedBbeing adaptedCto be adaptedDhaving been adapted解析：選A?？疾槭÷?。此處為條件狀語從句中的省略，省略了主語及系動詞，補全后為if it was adapted for television，因此選擇A。8(2015·陜西長安一中、高新一中等五校模擬)Hey，look at your pale face；you must have stayed

37、up late last night，_？Ahave youBhavent youCdid youDdidnt you解析：選D?？疾榉匆庖蓡柧洹＞湟猓汉?，看看你蒼白的臉色，你昨天晚上肯定熬夜了，是不是？由句中的“must have stayed up late last night”可知，此處是對過去情況的肯定推測，故附加問句應(yīng)用否定形式didnt you。9Each of the students who_coming to the party _ bringing a gift.Ais；areBare；isChave；isDare；have been解析：選B?？疾橹髦^一致。句意：來參加

38、聚會的每個學(xué)生都會帶來一份禮物。先行詞“the students”在定語從句中作主語，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以定語從句中的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；主語“Each of the students”作整個主句的主語，表示單數(shù)概念，所以主句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選B項。10(2015·湖南五市十校聯(lián)合檢測)You should be fully prepared before going walking in the mountain.Above all，_plenty of drinking water with you.Ato bringBbroughtCbringingDbring解析：選D?？疾槠硎咕洹＞湟猓喝ド嚼锷⒉街澳銘?yīng)該做好充分的準(zhǔn)備。最重要的是要帶足夠多的飲用水。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語境可知后一句缺少謂語，故選D項。此處為祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)。11I dont believe you can do todays job w