九年級英語上冊Unit4Amazingscience詞匯精講精練(新版)仁愛版

1、Unit 4 Amazing science詞匯精講精練詞匯精講1. invention（1）invention作名詞，意為“發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造；虛構(gòu)；發(fā)明物”。例如：Necessity is the mother of invention.需要是發(fā)明之母。The whole thing is an invention of a newspaper.整件事都是一家報紙?zhí)摌?gòu)的。The machine is his own invention.這臺機(jī)器是他自己的發(fā)明物。（2）invent是invention的動詞形式，意為“發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造；虛構(gòu)”。例如：Edison invented the light bu

2、lb.愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈。The whole story was invented.整個故事是虛構(gòu)的?！就卣埂縤nvent和discover辨析：（1）invent意為“發(fā)明，發(fā)明之物”指“從無到有”。例如：Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亞歷山大格雷厄姆貝爾在1876年發(fā)明了電話。（2）discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指“本來就已經(jīng)存在，但不為人知”的事物。例如：Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。2. thought（1）thought作名詞，意為“思想；

3、想法；見解；看法；主意”。例如：The old man was lost in thought and did not hear us come in.這個老人凝神沉思，沒有聽見我們進(jìn)來。Learn new culture, create new thought, establish new idea and reach new success.學(xué)新文化，創(chuàng)新思想，立新觀念，鑄就新成功!Dont give it another thought.不要再想了。（2）think作動詞，是動詞think的過去式和過去分詞形式，意為“想，思考，考慮”。 例如：It used to be thought

4、that the earth was flat.過去人們認(rèn)為地球是扁平的。I thought you were a teacher.我以前認(rèn)為你是一名教師。I do not think that need be thought about.我認(rèn)為不必考慮那件事。3. imaginationimagination作名詞，意為“想象；想象力；幻想”。例如：These plans is a complete failure of imagination.這些計劃毫無想象力。A sketch can stimulate ones own imagination.圖形能促進(jìn)一個人的想象力。You did

5、nt really see a ghost, its only imagination.你并沒有真地看見鬼，這僅僅是幻想?！就卣埂?imagine作動詞，意為“想象”。imagine是及物動詞，后面可跟名詞，代詞，動名詞和從 句作賓語。例如：We cannot imagine life without any hardships.我們不能想象沒有任何坎坷的生活。I can imagine the scene clearly in my mind.我仍然能很清晰地想象此番情景I once imagined him a thin tall man.我曾以為他是個高高的瘦瘦的人。She always

6、 imagine it an easy thing.她總是設(shè)想這事輕而易舉。I cant imagine myself teaching in front of that many people.我不能想象自己在那么多人面前教書。Can you imagine Toms cooking the dinner himself?你能想象湯姆居然親自下廚做飯？Mr. Smith couldntimagine what had happened at all.史密斯不能想到發(fā)生了什么事。I imagine （that） you are very tired.我猜想你已經(jīng)很累了吧。4. mark（1）m

7、ark作名詞，意為“記號；痕跡；分?jǐn)?shù)；商標(biāo)”。例如：He makes a mark on the tree.他在樹上做了個記號。War has left its mark on the country.戰(zhàn)爭給該國留下了不可磨滅的痕跡。He attained a good mark in the examination.他在考試中得到好分?jǐn)?shù)。Look at the mark on the goods.看產(chǎn)品上的商標(biāo)。（2）mark作動詞，意為“打分；留意；標(biāo)記”。例如：They have got a pile of exam papers to mark.他們有一大堆試卷要打分。Viola di

8、d not fail to mark the words of the old song.薇奧拉果然留意了這支古老歌曲的詞兒。Mark all of the large cities on the map.在地圖上把所有大城市標(biāo)記出來。5. describedescribe作動詞， 意為“描述； 說成； 形容”。 其名詞形式為description。 例如：The police asked me to describeexactly how it happened.警察讓我描述一下這事是怎樣發(fā)生的。He describes himself as a doctor.他自稱是醫(yī)生。It is ve

9、ry difficult to describe my joy in words.我的快樂難以用語言來形容。6. realize（1）realize作為及物動詞，意為“認(rèn)識到，了解”。例如：He didnt realize his mistake until his mother told him.直到媽媽告訴他，他才認(rèn)識到自己的錯誤。I didnt realize how late it was.我沒有意識到天已經(jīng)那么晚了。When he realized what had happened, he was sorry.當(dāng)他明白發(fā)生了什么事時，他感到很難過。（2）realize還可以表示“實

10、現(xiàn)；完成”的意思。例如：The girl finally realized her dream of becoming an actress.那個女孩當(dāng)演員的夢想終于實現(xiàn)了?！就卣?】realize與recognize這兩個詞都有“認(rèn)識，識別”的意思，但在具體用法上又有所差別。（1）recognize也可以用作及物動詞，表示“認(rèn)出,辨認(rèn)”的意思。例如：I recognized his voice.我辨認(rèn)出了他的聲音。I recognized her as my friends da ughter.我認(rèn)出了她是我朋友的女兒。（2）recognize還可以表示“清楚知道；認(rèn)定”的意思。例如：3I

11、recognized him to be cleverer than I am.我認(rèn)識到他比我聰明。7. weighweigh表示“稱的重量”，是及物動詞；表示“重（多少）”，是不及物動詞。例如：He weighed the fish.他稱了這條魚。Do you often weigh yourself?你經(jīng)常稱體重嗎?He weighs 60 kilos.他體重60公斤。The meat weighs five pounds.這肉重五磅?！就卣埂縲eight是名詞，意為“重量，體重”。例如：Whats your weight?你體重是多少？比較：by weight和in weightby w

12、eight表示“按重量”，in weight表示“重量上”。例如：Do they charge carriage by weight?他們是按重量收取運費嗎?Its smaller in size but greater in weight.它體積比較小，但分量比較重。8. proveprove作動詞，意為“證明；證實；證明是；結(jié)果是；原來是”。prove既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞。用作及物動詞時，可接名詞、代詞、從句作賓語。prove還可接“tobe+ n./adj./prep. -phrase”充當(dāng)補足語的復(fù)合賓語，to be一般可以省略。例如：He has proved his

13、courage in the battle.他已在這場戰(zhàn)斗中證明了自己的勇氣。And she has the numbers to prove it.而且，她有數(shù)據(jù)來證明它。She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.她結(jié)果可能是最適合干這工作的人。They proved themselves wise and brave.他們證實自己機(jī)智、勇敢。Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.伽利略證實地球和所有其它的行星都是繞

14、太陽運轉(zhuǎn)的。The handbook proved most useful.這本手冊證明很有用。9. doubtdoubt既可作動詞，也可作名詞，意為“懷疑”。（1）doubt用作動詞1）doubt+名詞或代詞。例如：I doubt his word.我懷疑他的話。They doubted him before.他們以前曾經(jīng)懷疑過他。2）doubt+賓語從句：在否定句和疑問句中，doubt后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time.我相信他能按時完成任務(wù)。Do you doubt that she wil

15、l succeed?你懷疑她會成功嗎？在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：I doubt whether they can swim across the river.我懷疑他們能否游過河去。He doubts if she will keep her word.他不敢肯定她是否會遵守諾言。（2）doubt用作名詞1） 常與about/of/as to/on等介詞連用。例如：There is no doubt about it.此事無可懷疑。I have no doubt of his ability.對于他的能力我毫不懷疑。4She has her do

16、ubts as to this bei ng true.她懷疑這事是否真實。No one has any doubt on this point.這一點沒有人會懷疑。2）doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。例如：I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他會成功的。10. i nside（1）in side作介詞，意為“在內(nèi)；在里；在內(nèi)部”。例如：He parked his car in side the gate.他把車停在大門里面。（2）in side作形容詞，意為“內(nèi)部的；里面的”。例如：All the in side rooms

17、 were skylighted.所有里面的房間都裝了天窗。Maybe it is in your in side pocket.它可能在你衣服里面的口袋里。（3）in side作副詞，意為“在里面；在內(nèi)；在室內(nèi)”。例如：We have to play in side because it is raining.因為天下雨，我們不得不在屋里玩。11. conn ectconnect作動詞，意為“連接，把.連接起來”。常用于“connect +名詞/代詞+ with /to”表示“把連起來”。例如：I cant connect the computer to （with） the printer

18、.我不會把打印機(jī)和電腦連在一起。12. besidesbesides作介詞，意為“除.之外（還有.）”。例如：Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him.除他妻子外，他女兒也去看過他（即妻子女兒都去看過他）。【拓展】besides; except; except for禾口but的辨析：這四個短語都有“除之外”的意思，但具體用法不同：besides“除之外（還有）”指在整體中加入一部分，表示一種累加關(guān)系， 有“加上”之意。except“除之外（沒有）”著重強(qiáng)調(diào)在冋類人或物中除去一個或幾個人或 物。表示一種排除關(guān)系。有“減除”之意。bu

19、t和except的用法基本相冋。但著重強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容，且習(xí)慣上用于every；5He is a goodman except forhot temper.13. certa incertain作形容詞，意為確定的；無疑的”，相當(dāng)于sure，對應(yīng)的副詞為certainlyocertain常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)中：be certa in / sure of sth.對某事有把握be certa in / sure to do sth.肯定做某事be certai n / sure + that從句 確信. 例如：They are certa in / sure of success.他們有把握成功。Im

20、certain / sure that he will come.我確信他會成功的?！就卣埂縞ertain禾口sure的辨析：兩詞都含有“確信，肯定”之意，其區(qū)別如下：(1)certain為形容詞，不僅表示相信，而且表示有根據(jù)，主語既可以是人也可以是物。例 如：He is certa in to come.他一定會來。Its certain that he won the game now.現(xiàn)在可以肯定他贏得了這場比賽。(2)sure既可以是形容詞也可作副詞，常表示人的主觀愿望或信念，主語通常是人。例如：Kids no wadays seem very sure of themselves.現(xiàn)

21、在的小孩顯得非常自信。Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow?明天我可以順路搭你的車去上班嗎？Sure.當(dāng)然可以。詞匯精練I.根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示補全句子。1. Before the meeti ng bega n, I made the n ecessary i_.2. The stude nts are doing e_in the physics lab.3. There is a supermarket b_ these mountains.4. His teachers are full of p_for the progress hes ma

22、ki ng.5. A scream （尖叫聲）broke the s_ of the night.6. There is something wrong with my_（錄音機(jī)）.7. The ruler is made of _ （辛鋼鐵）.8. The discovery of penicillin was a_（里程碑）in the history of medicine.9. In recent years the scientists have_（克?。﹕ome animals.all; any; nothing; who等詞后。except for“除之外”，表示對整體主要部分的

23、肯定和對局部的否定，起部分修正 作用。例如:除了Tom外，我們都到齊了。(不包括Tom) 除了哭，她沒有別的辦法。除了牛奶，我們還需要蔬菜。We are all here except/but Tom.She could do nothing but cry.Besides milk, we n eed vegetables.他是個好人，除了脾氣暴躁。610. As our _（仆人）,robots can help us to solve lots of problems.11.用括號中所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空（每空不限一詞）。1. Edis on is one of the greatest_

24、 （invent） in the world.2. The gravity on the surface of Mars is about one_ （three） as strong as it ison the earth.3. Make sure you _（recorder） the nu mbers of tickets you sell.4. This railway line_（conn ect） London to Edin burgh.5. Scien tists thi nk that there_ (be) life on the earth for milli ons

25、of years.6. He did a lot of_(scie nee) research before cloning the sheep.7. They had physical_ (exam) after they Ian ded on the earth.8. Jane_ (want) on the phone just now. Mr. Zha ng told her to go to school aton ce.9. Mr. Green and Mr. Black are our teams_ (lead).10. Somethi ng must_ (do) to build up a Gree n Great Wall successfully.III.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示在空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，使短文意思完整。Airplanes are the newest kind of transportation.From early times, peopletried to f 1 through the sky like birds. About 100 ye