動詞不定式用法及練習(xí)題-L105

1、動詞不定式用法小結(jié)動詞不定式用法小結(jié)動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，具結(jié)構(gòu)為“to動詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語、狀語等。一 . 作主語 例如：To be a doctor is hard. 做醫(yī)生很難。To learn English well is not easy學(xué)好英語不容易。動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it作形式主語，而把真正的主語動詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：It is

2、hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如：It s important to plant trees in spring.如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可以在動詞不定式前面加一個由介詞 for 引導(dǎo)的短語，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：It osogd for us to read English aloud in the morning.對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。It is important for students to use English every day.對學(xué)生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。

3、二 . 作表語：動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞 be 的后面。例：His work is to drive a car.他的工作是開車。My job is to feed animals.我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。Her ambition is to be a doctor 她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。三 . 作賓語動詞不定式 （短語） 可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語， 能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有： begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, as籌。例:I want to tell you a story.我想給

4、你講個故事。They begin to work at eight every morning他們每天早晨 8 點開始工作。Don t forget to lock the doo 別忘了 鎖門。Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow陰天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？*如果and連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“t刪：（1） He wants to go and have a swim with usfc想和我們起去游泳。（ 2）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it 作形式賓語。I find it interest

5、ing to learn English with you. 我覺得和你一起學(xué)英語很有趣。He found it hard to catch up with others他覺得趕上別人很困難。四 . 作賓語補足語。例如：The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老師常告訴Jim 不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。Please

6、let me help youth 我來幫助你。動詞不定式作賓語補足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有： tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, hel舟。但在 let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, hav等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“ tq訶以歸納為以下三種句式：1 .不可以省to 的不定式作賓語補足語：tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage

7、 /teach sb. to do sth.例： The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow.I want you to go now.我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。Her parents wish her to be a teachers 父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。2 .省“to勺不定式作賓語補足語:let / make / have sb. do sth.Let the boy go out now.讓那個男孩出去。The boy made the baby cry男孩弄哭了這個小孩。see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb.

8、do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看見學(xué)生們在操場打籃球。I often hear the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3 .可省可不省的：help sb. （ to） do sth.I often help my mother （ to） do housework. 我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。* 動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to 之前加 not. 例：（ 1） Tell them not to play football in the s

9、treet.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。（ 2）省to 的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前面加not. 例：Let the boy not go讓那個男孩別走。（ 3）如果將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語，動詞不定式則不省“tq ”即原來省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boW B個孩子被男孩弄哭了。五 . 動詞不定式作定語動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。Who was the first one to arrive和第個至

10、U 的？She has no paper to write on她沒有名氏寫字？The best way to learn English is to use it.學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用它。When is the best time to plant vegetables?什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？Do you have something to drink?你這有喝的嗎？* 動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：I have no chair to sit on 我沒有椅子坐。He h

11、as no house to live in他沒有房子住。六.不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表語）No one knows how to do it.沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）I really don t know which one to choose）我真的不知道選哪一個。* 不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時有時可以改為賓語從句。例：I don t know whto do next.我不知下一步該做什么？I don t know what I should do next.課堂練習(xí)題一

12、 . 選擇填空：1. He asked me here earlier.A. come B. to come C. coming D. came2. Please tell him on the wall.A. don t draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw3. He wanted a cup of tea.A. to have B. having C. have D. had4. I d like a word with you.A. had B. having C. to have D. have5. I came here my

13、uncle.A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen6. The man refused （拒絕） back his words.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. takes7. I can let you one ticket.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had8. We often heard him in his room.A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing9. He was made day and night.D. workedA. work B. wor

14、king C. to work10. He stopped a look, but saw nothing.A. having B. to have C. have D. had11. My father was too angry a word.t sayA. to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didn12. My brother was old enough to school.A. went B. goes C. going D. to go13. It is time him supper.A. of, to have B. for, to ha

15、ve C. of, having D. for, to has14. It s very kind you me.A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping15. It s important our classroom clean every day.A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep16. Before liberation （解放） they had no chance to school.A. went B. goC. to go D. to be gone17. He sa

16、id he had an important meeting .A. attend B. would attend C. attending D. to attend18. Please give me a piece of paper _ A. to write B. to write on19. I don t know .A. what do B. what will do20. Your radio needs .A. to be repaired B. to repair21. My wish is a teacher.A. becomingB. to become22. I wan

17、t him a letter now.A. to writeB. not writeC. writingD. to write itC. what to do D. do whatC. repairedD. to repairingC. becomeD. becameC. write D. wrote23. It took us three days the trees.A. plant B. planted C. to plant D. plants24. Why not here me?A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D

18、. come, see25. He wishes me my best hard at English.A. to do, to work B. doing, working C. to do, working D. do, work26. Please tell me her. I have something her.A. where to find, tellingB. where to find, to tellC. where can find, to tellD. where finding, telling27. How happy they are each other aga

19、in!A. to see B. see C. saw D. being seen28. They decided （決心） a letter their thanks.A. to write, expressing （表達）B. writing, expressC. write, expressedD. to write, to express29. The officer ordered （命令） him down a rest.A. lying, have B. to lie, to have C. to lie, having D. lie, had30. The headmaster

20、called on （號召）us hard for our country.A. to work B. worked C. work D. to working. 根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。1. He was so angry that he couldn t say anything.He was too angry anything.2. I don t know when we will have the meeting.I don t know when the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter .4. That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very important you English in the morning.5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone.（石頭）He was strong the stone.6. His father went to Beijing fo