被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(共7頁(yè))

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解及配套練習(xí)一、 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者(常常沒(méi)在有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者情況下使用)例：They speak English. （主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 主 謂 賓 English is spoken by them. （被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 主 謂 介詞短語(yǔ)注：及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例：We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主 謂 賓The teacher is listened to by us

2、 carefully in class. 主 謂 介詞短語(yǔ) e laughed at him . He was laughed at by us.二、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)與用法：結(jié)構(gòu)：be +done (過(guò)去分詞)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的be為助動(dòng)詞，無(wú)意義。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。注：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be后面的過(guò)去分詞不變。用法：例：istory is made by the people. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般過(guò)去時(shí)) Th

3、e tree will be cut down next year.(一般將來(lái)時(shí)) he room must be kept clean.（含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） The door is being opened.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)） The film has been seen by me.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）注：我們初中主要掌握前面四種的用法時(shí) 態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) is done He is asked to do this.一般過(guò)去時(shí) was done The story was told by her mother.一般將來(lái)時(shí) will be done The problem wi

4、ll be discussed tomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) is being done The novel is being written.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was being done At that time the desk was being made.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) has been done The house has been built.過(guò)去完成時(shí) had been done They said that their work had been finished.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.三

5、、 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句型：、 he song is liked by young people. (肯定句)、 he song isnt liked by young people（否定句）、 Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑問(wèn)句）、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑問(wèn)句）四、 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法：方法分為三步：把原句中的賓語(yǔ)改成主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞改為變動(dòng)形式be done(同時(shí)注意時(shí)態(tài)) 原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)如果需要的話放在介詞by后面，以指明做事的 人或物，如果沒(méi)有必要?jiǎng)t省去例

6、：The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man .(改的過(guò)程中要注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面)五、 特殊句型的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：含有使役動(dòng)詞（make /let /have）或感官動(dòng)詞（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等）的句子，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中這些詞后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，但是在改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，則一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help這一個(gè)詞在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中后面的動(dòng)詞不定式可以帶to,也可不帶to, 但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中也必須把to加上去。例：Mother often makes me do

7、 some housework. I am often made to do some housework by mother. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us.teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等動(dòng)詞常常帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（雙賓語(yǔ)：直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)），改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)可以選其中任一個(gè)作主語(yǔ)。如果直接賓語(yǔ)被提前作主語(yǔ)，那么間接賓語(yǔ)（一般是人）前要加相應(yīng)的介詞to/for。例：he gave me a pen.= She gave a

8、 pen to me. I was given a pen by her. A pen was given to me by her.My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. I was bought a new bike by my father. A new bike was bought for me by my father.由不及物動(dòng)詞（vi）+介詞/副詞賓語(yǔ)的句子改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞或副詞不能丟掉。(前面已舉過(guò)兩例)例：e should speak to old people polit

9、ely. Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us). He took away the box. The box was taken away by him.含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子改為變動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（賓補(bǔ)放在原來(lái)位置不變）例：We call him Xiao Ma. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ)e is called Xiao Ma by us. He found the book very interesting. The book was found very interesting by him.六、 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：1. 沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的詞， 表

10、示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞如 cost, fit, have, suit等沒(méi)有被動(dòng)形式，另外，諸如happen = take place, break out(爆發(fā))，break down(壞了) 等不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)以及諸如result from(緣于)，belong to, consist of等只用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): appear,die ,disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（傳播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, .大多數(shù)系動(dòng)詞：be

11、, feel (摸起來(lái))，sound(聽起來(lái))，look(看起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái)) taste（嘗起來(lái)）等詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它們的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。例：he skirt feels very soft. 這件裙子摸起來(lái)很柔軟。Many changes have happened in our hometown. The film lasted for 3 hours.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)配套練習(xí)一、單項(xiàng)選擇。(   )1. One or two man-made satellites _ in our country every year.    A

12、. have been sent up     B. will be sent up  C. is sent up       D. are sent up(   )2. Our TV set _ yesterday.    A. is repaired    B. was repaired   C. had been repaired     D

13、. would be repaired(   )3. A new building _ in our school next year.    A. will be built     B. is built      C. is being built      D. has been built(   )4. Many books on science _ since I

14、went to college.    A. were bought      B. have been bought     C, will be bought    D. are bought(   )5. A wonderful English talk _ by Mr Liu tomorrow.    A. has been given     B.

15、 is given       C. is being given        D. will be given(   )6. How _ the Great Pyramid (金字塔)_ many years ago without modern machines.    A. isbuilt      B. wouldbe built 

16、60;    C. havebeen built     D. wasbuilt(   ) Food and clothes _ by women.A is often talk about            B. are often talked         C. are often talked about

17、         D. often talked about(   )8. _ the work _ yet ?    A. isfinished               B. Willbe finished C. Has been finished    

18、0;    D. Wouldbe finished(   )9.Such films _ by children like you.A. must be not seen             B. must not be see        C. must not seen      

19、;         D. must not be seen(   )10.Trees _ in winter but in spring.A. not can be planted           B. can be not planted          C. cant be planted 

20、;            D. can not be plant(   )11.This kind of cars _ in Japan ten years ago.     A. can only be made          B. could only made      

21、;  C. be could only made        D. could only be made(   ) 12.Jack often does things foolishly, so he _ sometimes _ by others.A. islaughed                   B.

22、is laughed at            C. waslaughed                 D. hasbeen laughed at(   )13.The bear _ to the zoo tomorrow morning.      A

23、. may be send     B. may is sent       C. may be sent       D. is may sent(   )14. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _ in our city.     A. are put up     

24、               B. have put up           C. have been put                 D. have been put up( &

25、#160; )15. Such films _ by children like you.      A. must be not seen             B. must not be see    C. must not seen              

26、 D. must not be seen二、用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空。1. Some top students _(send) to study in foreign countries once a year.2.More and more schools _(build) here later.3. Where are the apples? I think they _(eat) by those boys.4.Many new things _(invent) in the last ten years.5.All the shoes _(sell) out last

27、week.6.How long _ the book _(can keep)?7. Tom _ (hide) his shoes behind the tree. So they _(not find) easily.8.The babies here _(take) good care of every day.9. We _(open) the box and two new coats _(see) in it.10. His new novel _ (finish) next week.三 根據(jù)短文意思填空English _(be) very widely _(use). It _(s

28、peak) by people in England, the United States, Australia, and many other countries. It _(be) one of the working languages at international meetings. Most international business letters _(write) in English. And quite a few books and magazines _(write) in English, too. If you _(know) English, you _(find) you can _(enjoy) so many books. English _(be) really a bridge to so much knowledge.四 將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Many people speak English.2.People used knives for cutting things.3.We can use the box as a table.4.We should clean the classroom every day.5.She will repair the bike tomorr