同位語(yǔ)講解練習(xí)2

1、 M 9 Unit 3語(yǔ)法知識(shí)講解 二 理解同位語(yǔ)從句的含義，把握同位語(yǔ)從句的實(shí)質(zhì)在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等詞引導(dǎo)，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion等抽象名詞后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語(yǔ)從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上

2、為同一關(guān)系，對(duì)其內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們比賽獲勝的消息很快傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。析：they had won the game說(shuō)明The news的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。二、正確運(yùn)用同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，準(zhǔn)確把握同位語(yǔ)從句1.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（即that 不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the

3、 river at once.將軍下達(dá)了戰(zhàn)士們立即過(guò)河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部?jī)?nèi)容，且意義完整，因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。2.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加"是否"的含義，應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。（if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句）例：We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問(wèn)題。析：the sports meeting w

4、ill be held on time意義不完整，應(yīng)加"是否"的含義才能表達(dá)the problem的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。3.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加"什么時(shí)候"、"什么地點(diǎn)"、"什么方式"等含義，應(yīng)用when, where, how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back意義不完整，應(yīng)加"什么時(shí)候"的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。例2：I

5、 have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home意義不完整，應(yīng)加"如何"的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部?jī)?nèi)容，因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。4.當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而同位語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，同位語(yǔ)從句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 三、把握同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別，明確同位語(yǔ)從句和相似從句的界限同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句相似，都放在某一名詞或代詞后面，但同位語(yǔ)從句不同于定語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)

6、從句對(duì)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，是名詞全部?jī)?nèi)容的體現(xiàn)，且名詞和同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均不在從句中作成分；定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的性質(zhì)與特征，與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系，且名詞和定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞均在從句中作成分。區(qū)分時(shí)可以在先行詞與從句之間加一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞be,使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果句子通順且符合邏輯，則為同位語(yǔ)從句，反之，則為定語(yǔ)從句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因?yàn)門he report was that he was going to resign 句意通順，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位語(yǔ)從句。

7、例1：1）Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as析：答案為B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容，且Information不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：2）It is said that more middle school gra

8、duates will be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.A. what B. that C. when D. as析：答案為B。that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語(yǔ)，且information在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以該句為定語(yǔ)從句。例2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which C. this D. tha

9、t析：答案為B。分析語(yǔ)境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知，該句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為a terrible noise，且它在從句中作主語(yǔ)。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于：I can't stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案為D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容，且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分，所以該句為同位語(yǔ)從句。鞏固性練習(xí)：1. The fact _ she works hard is well

10、known to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A. that B. what C. which D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I

11、 have no idea _ he will start.A. when B. that C. what D./6. I' ve come from the government with a message _ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisoner b

12、e set free arrived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear _ he would die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. whenKeys: 1

13、-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的三點(diǎn)區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句很相似,但還是有區(qū)別的,區(qū)別主要在以下三方面:1. 從詞類上區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句前面的名詞只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定內(nèi)涵的名詞。而定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞，代詞，主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句，如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home

14、 is often discussed. (同位語(yǔ)從句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位語(yǔ)從句)Word came that he had been abroad. (同位語(yǔ)從句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我們的隊(duì)贏了,這讓我們很高興。(定語(yǔ)從句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位醫(yī)生在房間里面?(定語(yǔ)從句)His mother did

15、 all she could to help him with his study.他媽媽盡她的最大努力幫助他的學(xué)習(xí)?(定語(yǔ)從句,代詞all作先行詞)2. 從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語(yǔ)從句是從句對(duì)前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明和解釋,屬于名詞性從句的范疇。如:The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的?(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明news到底是一個(gè)什么消息。)The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那

16、個(gè)消息是真的?(定語(yǔ)從句,news在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ)。)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我許諾如果誰(shuí)讓我自由,我就讓他非常富有。(同位語(yǔ)從句,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明promise到底是一個(gè)什么諾言。)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 媽媽做出了一個(gè)令她的孩子們高興的許諾?(定語(yǔ)從句,promise在從句中作pleased的主語(yǔ)。)3. 從引導(dǎo)詞及其在句子中的成分上區(qū)別有些引導(dǎo)詞如how, whether, wha

17、t可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句?如:That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我們是否需要它這個(gè)問(wèn)題還沒有考慮(同位語(yǔ)從句)I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他發(fā)生了什么事?(同位語(yǔ)從句)引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在從句中一般作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)(指物時(shí)還可以用which代替),并且作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省略，that在同位語(yǔ)從句中僅起連接作用,不充當(dāng)任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which來(lái)代替如:The order that we should send a few people to help the o