南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游詞

1、導(dǎo)游詞示范文本 | Excellent Model Text 資料編碼：CYKJ-FW-461編號：_南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游詞編輯：_日期：_單位：_南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游詞用戶指南：該導(dǎo)游詞資料適用于日常生活工作中，為提升效率而制作的包含框架和正文模板文件。可通過修改使用，也可以直接沿用本模板進行快速編輯。中山陵是中國近代偉大的民主革命先行者孫中山先生的陵寢，及其附屬紀(jì)念建筑群，面積8萬余平方米。中山陵自1926年春動工，至1929年夏建成，1961年成為首批全國重點文物保護單位，20xx年列為首批國家重點風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)和國家5A級旅游景區(qū)。下面是關(guān)于南京中山陵的英文導(dǎo)游詞，希望大家喜歡!南京中山陵英文

2、導(dǎo)游詞My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr. Sun Yatsen s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have

3、missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yatsen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. Mr. Sun s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yatsen. So foreign friends would call him “Dr. Sun Yatsen

4、 ”. Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr. Sun Zhongshan in China. On October 12, 1866, Mr. Sun was born in a farmer s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county (the presentday zhongshang Ci

5、ty) ,Guangdong Province. When he was still young, he had great expectations. He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political act

6、ivities. In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president. He put forward the famous guiding principle“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People s Principles“ Nati

7、onalism, Democracy and the People s Livelihood. ” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr. Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces. On the following New Year s day (January 1, 1912) Mr. Sun took the oath of office in N

8、anjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun experienced Yuan Shikai s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr. Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou. At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfect

9、ed the original Three People s Principles and put forward Three people s New Principles. He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers. ” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr. Sun went up to Beijing to d

10、iscuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr. Sun himself. Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. You may wonder: Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong but died

11、in Beijing. For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution. Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?It is said that far before Mr. Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain

12、and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen. On March 31,1912 Mr. Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China. One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty. They took a res

13、t in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now. Mr. Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr. Sun s mausoleum . The basic reason

14、is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded. ”So although Mr. Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him. Fundame

15、ntally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent restingplace is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr. Sun s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yatsen s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke,

16、examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum. They delimited 20xx mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum. Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he

17、 himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr. Sun s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929. It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gi

18、ft, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum. The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr. Sun s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr. Su

19、n Yatsen s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing. In order to meet Mr. Sun s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road. Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still

20、 one of the most important main roads. At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate. Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yatsen s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built. Just as the people of Paris ta

21、ke pride of their les ChampsElysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards. And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards. Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tre

22、e in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products. Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are

23、going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road. The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. Duo s so

24、und is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy. The design reminds the people of Dr. Sun Yatsen s wellknown saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation. The crescentshaped squa

25、re is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now ,please look to the south. There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou. The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails. The copper “ding” (an ancient cookin

26、g vessel) with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr. Dai

27、 jitao. One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”. These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University. Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao s mother s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engrave

28、d. To the bellshaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum . It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in widt

29、h. It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style. Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. The word in English mean fraternity. They were written by Dr. Sun Yatsen. The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty

30、poet Han Yu s “Fraternity is humanity ” .It is said that Mr. Sun very much liked to write these two words to others. Dr. Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years. So we can say that

31、 “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. In o

32、rder to embody the greatness of Mr. Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more sole

33、mn. Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind. The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr. Sun s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. The

34、y take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times. Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City. The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning

35、 of the mausoleum area. IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too. Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr. SunYatsen s handwriting. It means that the state doesn t belong to one family but belongs to the entir

36、e nation and the common people. This is the goal for which Mr. Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People s Principles. We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion. The 9meter high stele in th

37、e middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 goldplating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”. These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai. When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing

38、 wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr. Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write. Because they thought that Mr. Sun s merits couldn t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr. Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of

39、the pavilion, we ll see numerous layers of steps. The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge (known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge). So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausole

40、um?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform. Look ,there are two big copper “ding”. They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time. Now, please look carefully. There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”. Why? Just l

41、et me tell you .In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient

42、style. They are presented by Mr. Sun s son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. Here we can have a birdview of what it is in the distance. The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count f

43、rom the archway of Fraternity. The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters. If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290. In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there ar

44、e totally 10 such platforms. More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the nu

45、mber of Chinese population at that time392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber. They are the major parts of the Mausoleum. The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer. If is when he was doing these two building

46、he died of cancer. So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style. It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller construc

47、tions of fortress style and two 12.6meterhigh cloud columns. Its roof, with doubleeaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles. The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong. The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief“Naturalism” “De

48、mocracy” and “The people s livelihood” . These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr. Sun s revolutionary activities. Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall. The

49、 floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province. The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China. There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each. You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset w

50、ith black marble. Now you can have a look at Mr. Sun Yatseen s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls. The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China. The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos. The

51、y present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine. The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr. Sun Yatsen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr. Sun Yatsen in a robe. It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 me

52、ters wide. It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland . He was entrusted by the committee of Dr. Sun Yatsen s Funeral for sculpting it. He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue . In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Pa

53、ris. Its total cost was 1.5 million francs. The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr. Sun s life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber. There are two doors that you need to get through. The outer door consists of two Americanmade safety door

54、leafs which are made of copper. The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese. The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun s handwriting for the 72 martyrs tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzh

55、ou .The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr. Sun Yatsen s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape. The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. The floor of the round room is covered with marble. The room s diame

56、ter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .The walls are covered with pink marbles. The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter. It is enclose with 1meterhigh white marble rails. In the pit lays Dr. Sun Yatsen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit. This is sculpted in accordan

57、ce to Mr. Sun s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor. His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture. You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr. Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the

58、 KMT had severe conflicts. The rightists, headed by Chang Kaishek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution. They insisted that Mr. Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit. Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr. Sun remains are in the tomb or not. In fact, his remains had a unusual experience. After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925. When